for Versions of the Scriptures, Hebrew and Greek Lexicons, ancient and modern Versions, Introductory Works to the Critical Study of the Scriptures, Dictionaries of the Bible, Scripture Chronology, Geography, and Natural History, Jewish and Christian Antiquities, and Ecclesiastical History, Commentators on the Scriptures, both entire and on detached books of the Old and New Testaments, Harmonies, Writers on the evidences of Revelation and on the Prophecies, Rabbinical Writers, Biblical Interpretation and Criticism, Philological Writers, and Miscellaneous Writers.

We shall now subjoin a few extracts, by way of specimen of his. remarks on some British and foreign divines, chiefly those published before the commencement of our journal.

"APTHORP, EAST, D.D. a Clergyman of the Church of England, but an American by birth; born 1732; died 1816.-Dis courses on Prophecy, 2 vols. 8vo. 1786,

"These discourses were read at the Warburtonian Lecture, at which the celebrated Discourses of Bishop Hurd were also delivered; and are not unworthy of the object which the learned prelate had in view, in the establishment of that foundation. The topics embraced by Dr. Apthorp are-the history of prophecy -canons of interpretation-prophecies of the birth of Christ-chronological cha racters of the Messiah-theological characters of the Messiah-prophecies of the death of Christ-of the kingdom of Christ-characters of Antichrist-the mystic Tyre-and the origin and the progress of the Reformation. These subjects are discussed with considerable ability and originality, and abound with clear and satisfac tory views of the great doctrines of Christianity.

"Apthorp was also the author of Letters on the Prevalence of Christianity before its civil establishment,' 8vo. 1778. Bishop Watson says, "The author has enriched this work with many learned remarks, and especially with a catalogue of civil and ecclesiastical historians, which the reader will find to be very useful.' ”

"BARRINGTON, JOHN SHUTE, Lord Barrington, originally a dissenter, but who afterwards conformed to the Church of England; born 1678; died 1734.-Miscellanea Sacra; or a New Method of Considering so much of the History of the Apostles as is contained in Scripture; in an Abstract of their History, an Abstract of that Abstract, and four Critical Essays. Lond. 1725, 2 vols. 8vo. 1770, 3 vols. 8vo.

"This work of Lord Barrington contains some very valuable information on subjects not usually discussed. The first essay is on the teaching and witness of the Spirit, and affords some ingenious illustrations of the miraculous gifts of the primitive churches. The second is on the distinction between the Apostles, Elders, and Brethren, in which the nature of the apostolic office is particularly examined. The third is on the time when Paul and Barnabas became, and were known to be, Apostles; in which he contends that Paul was not constituted an apostle till his second visit to Jerusalem, mentioned Acts xxii. 17-21. The last is on the Apos. tolical decree, Acts xv. 23-30. It is very gratifying to find men of rank employed in studying the Bible, and devoting so much of their attention to it as these vołumes show Lord Barrington had done. It may be added, the work was originally published anonymously. The second edition was published by his son, the present Bishop of Durham, and contains, besides the above essays, another On the Several Dispensations of God to Mankind, in the order in which they lie in the Bible; or a Short System of the Religion of Nature and Scripture.' Lord Barrington was inclined to Arianism. He wrote, besides the above, several anonymous pamphlets, on subjects relating to Dissenters, to whom, though he left them, he always remained friendly.”

Mr. Orme will perhaps thank us for adding to this article, that it is in contemplation to publish a complete edition of all Lord Barrington's works, many of which originally appeared anonymously.

"BELLAMY, JOHN, a member of the Church of England.The Holy Bible, newly translated from the Original Hebrew; with Notes Critical and Explanatory. London, 1818, 1821, 4to.

"Three parts only of this work have been published. Mr. Bellamy is among the most arrogant of all translators, and his version the most absurd of all translations. His work is a strange hodge-podge of error, confidence, misrepresentation, and abuse of learned and valuable writers in all the departments of biblical literature. The plainest narratives in Scripture are rendered absurd and unintelligible, so that the Eclectic Reviewers justly conclude a very masterly critique on his work, by remarking, that its appropriate title would be, The Holy Bible perverted from the original Hebrew, by John Bellamy.' For the honour of the Bible and our country, we hope its progress is at an end. Mr. Whitaker, Professor Lee, and Mr. Hurwitz, besides the Quarterly and Eclectic Reviews, have done the author more honour than he deserved, by their several replies to his foolish but mischievous performance. Mr. Bellamy is known as the author of a singular production-Ophion; or the Theology of the Serpent,' 1811; by way of Reply to Dr. Adam Clarke's remarks on that subject in his commentary. From this pamphlet, it appears that the author's views of the doctrine of the Trinity are as erroneous as his biblical criticism is incorrect."

"BURGESS, SIR JAMES BLAND, Bart.-Reasons in Favour of a New Translation of the Holy Scriptures. London, 1819, 8vo.

"This work, though designed as a defence of Mr. Bellamy's strange performance, in reply to the Quarterly Review of that work, is worth consulting, though the reader will not be likely to adopt all the learned Baronet's reasons, or reasonings, in their support. It was followed by an anonymous pamphlet of no great value-Reasons why a New Translation of the Bible should not be published." 1819, Svo."

Mr. Orme's usual caution has here forsaken him. This "anonymous pamphlet of no great value," is known to have been written by the venerable Bishop Burgess; and it contains several "Reasons," which are deserving of the most serious consideration.

"BELSHAM, THOMAS, a Socinian minister of London.-The Epistles of Paul the Apostle translated; with an Exposition and Notes. 1822, 4 vols. 8vo.

"This is one of the most elaborate performances on the Bible, which for many years have issued from the Unitarian press. Mr. Belsham has been long known as one of the chief leaders of that party in England, and as one of the principal authors of the improved Version of the New Testament. The translation of the Epistles of Paul is constructed on the visionary scheme of interpretation adopted and illus trated by Dr. Taylor of Norwich. The tendency of the work is to subvert all those sentiments respecting sin, which are calculated to affect the mind with pain, and those views of the Deity and atonement of Christ, which are fitted to afford relief. Mr. Belsham uses great freedom with the readings of the original text, and still greater with the principles of enlightened interpretation. He shows rather what the New Testament should be, in the opinion of a Socinian, than what it really is. The work is full of erroneous doctrine, incorrect learning, affected candour, and forced interpretation."

BONAR, JOHN, one of the Ministers of Perth; died 1761.— Observations on the Conduct and Character of Judas Iscariot, in a letter to the Rev. J. P. 1751, 8vo.

"This anonymous pamphlet displays very considerable acuteness, and is not unworthy to be placed by the side of Lord Littleton on the Conversion of St. Paul, and Shaw on the Advice of Gamaliel,-tracts somewhat similar in their nature. It is Mr. Bonar's object to support the truth of Christianity, from the character and testimony of the grand traitor against his Lord, and apostate from his truth. Mr. Bonar, who was a pious and superior man, wrote also, An Analysis of the Moral and Religious Sentiments of Lord Kames and David Hume.' 1755, 8vo. This valuable tract of Bonar's was reprinted two or three years since.

"HALES, WILLIAM, D. D. Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and Professor of Oriental Languages in the University.-A New Analysis of Chronology, in which an attempt is made to explain the History and Antiquities of the primitive nations of the world, and the prophecies relating to them, on principles tending to remove the imperfection and discordance of preceding systems. Lond. 1809-1814, 3 vols. 4to.

"This is, perhaps, the most valuable chronological work that has ever been published. Possessed of the caution of Newton, and the learning of Usher, Dr. Hales proceeds on better data than either of these distinguished chronologists; and pours a flood of light on some of the darkest and most difficult points in sacred and profane history. The first volume contains an explanation of the new system of chronology, adopted by the author, together with the elements of technical chronology, and the elements of sacred geography, which are illustrated with six engravings. Volume second contains a chronological history of the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the New Testament, and of the whole range of prophecy. His translations are all made directly from the original Scriptures. In the third volume, there is a chronological history of the Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Lydians, and Egyptians, &c., adjusted throughout to sacred chronology. Dr. Hales adopts the larger computation of the antediluvian and patriarchal times contained in the Samaritan and the Septuagint, and restores and defends the genuine numbers of Josephus. The quantity of biblical criticism and interpretation interspersed through the work is extraordinary, and does very great honour to the learning, research, and judgment of the author. Dr. Adam Clarke, who makes a very liberal use of the work in his Commentary, bestows on it the highest commendation."

"HOLDEN, GEORGE, M. A. a Clergyman of the Church of England.-An Attempt towards an Improved Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon, from the original Hebrew, with Notes, critical and explanatory, &c. Lond. 1819, 8vo.-An attempt to illustrate the Book of Ecclesiastes. Ibid. 1822, 8vo.

"These two works are among the ablest pieces of biblical illustration with which we have lately been furnished. The author is evidently an excellent Hebrew Scholar. He does not unnecessarily deviate from the common translation; and always, when he does so, assigns satisfactory reasons for his departure. His theological views seem generally correct, and his attention to the scope and design of the inspired writers, most praiseworthy. He applies the eighth chapter of the Proverbs to the second person in the Godhead. Many able writers doubt the propriety of this, except as an accommodation."

Mr. Holden also published in 1823, a "Dissertation on the Fall of Man; in which the literal sense of the Mosaic account of that event is asserted and vindicated." This seems to have escaped Mr. Orme's research, though he has noticed some publications which appeared subsequently to it. Our biblical readers, doubtless, are well acquainted with the crude speculations of the modern German rationalist divines, some of whom have endeavoured to

explain away the Scripture narrative of the fall of man in various ways, while others have cut the knot by rejecting it as a mythos or philosophical fable. Mr. Holden's Dissertation is a learned and most satisfactory vindication of the literal sense of the Mosaic narrative, which we have perused with much pleasure, and can confidently recommend to biblical students as an able antidote to that excess of philological speculation, for which the German theologians have so long been remarkable.

"TOWNSEND, GEORGE, A. M. a clergyman of the Church of England.-The Old Testament, arranged in Historical and Chronological Order, (on the basis of Lightfoot's Chronicle,) in such manner, that the Books, Chapters, Psalms, Frophecies, &c. may be read as one connected History, in the very Words of the authorized Translation. Lond. 1821, 2 vols. 8vo.

"There are few harmonies of the Old Testament, compared with those which have been published of the New. The labour and difficulty of such an attempt are very great, arising both from the extent of the matter, and the impossibility of ascertaining many dates, with any thing even approaching to accuracy. Of the importance of such an undertaking, different opinions will be entertained. Dr. Lightfoot's work, which Mr. Townsend has made the basis of his plan, displays his well-known learning and research. It is, by no means, however, an attractive part of his works. Mr. Townsend divides his arrangement into eight periods, which are again subdivided into chapters and sections. There is also an introduction, and a number of useful notes and indexes. The work has been compiled with great care, and will frequently assist the reader in understanding the connexion of the Old Testament."

Mr. Townsend has just announced in two 8vo. volumes a Harmony of the entire New Testament, in which the epistles are introduced in the order of time: it is a work of labour and research.

"WATERLAND, DANIEL, D.D. a learned English clergyman; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge; born 1683; died 1740. Scripture Vindicated; in answer to a book entitled, Christianity as old as the Creation. In four parts. 1730, 1734, 8vo.

"This is an important work, which contains many very excellent observations and criticisms on numerous passages of the Old Testament. Dr. Waterland distinguished himself in the Trinitarian controversy. The above work, however, which is now scarce, is of much importance. It was attacked by Dr. Middleton in an anonymous Letter to Dr. Waterland, 1731, 8vo. This produced Remarks on a Letter to Dr. W. by Philobiblicus Cantabrigiensis, 1731, 8vo. This was followed by Celsus Triumphatus, or Moses Vindicated, in answer to the Letter to Dr. Waterland, by Edward Underhill, 1732, 8vo. Dr. Zachary Pearce also produced a Reply to the Letter to Dr. Waterland, 1732, 8vo. Middleton published a Defence of his Letter, 1732, 8vo.; to which Pearce produced a Reply, 1732. This, led to Some Remarks, 1732, by Dr. Middleton; and was followed by Reflections on the Letter and its Defence, 1732. The controversy is very curious, and was carried on with great vigour by the distinguished persons who engaged in it. The scepticism and subtlety of Middleton are strikingly displayed on the one side, and very ably met and exposed on the other."

"WATSON, RICHARD, D. D. Bishop of Llandaff; born in 1737; died 1819.-A Collection of Theological Tracts, in six volumes, Lond. 1791, 8vo. 2d edit.

"These Tracts, with a few exceptions, are of a very liberal character, as theological productions. Those of them, which properly belong to our plan, are noticed under the names of their respective authors: the list of books at the end, though badly arranged, contains many valuable publications, with a few scanty notices of their character. The Apologies for Christianity and the Bible are well known, and the best of the Bishop's writings: his auto-biography affords a singu lar display of great talents, high independence, and disappointed pride. Bishop Watson would not allow that he was a Socinian himself; but neither would he admit that a Socinian was not a Christian. So, though he did not write Socinian books, he republished those of others, and recommended, in his list, the most celebrated of the Fratres Poloni. It is necessary to put the inquirer on his guard, in reference to the Bishop's reprints and recommendations."

The inconsistency of Watson's opinions is justly exposed in the last paragraph. In mentioning Waterland's Vindication, Mr. Orme might have noticed the complete edition of his collected works, which were edited in 1824 from the Clarendon press, in eleven volumes 8vo., with an admirable Memoir of his Life and Writings from the pen of Bishop Van Mildert.

Among foreign biblical critics, Mr. Orme has done justice to Abresch, Cappel, Carpzov, Ernesti, Griesbach, &c.; we shall therefore subjoin only two short extracts, which will give our readers a fair idea of the manner in which he has treated the rest.

"JAHN, JOHANNES, a Roman Catholic clergyman; Professor of dogmatic theology and biblical antiquities in the university of Vienna.-Archælogia Biblica in compendium redacta. Viennæ, 1805, 8vo.-Enchiridion Hermeneutica Generalis Tabularum Veteris et Novi Foederis. Ibid. 1812, 8vo.-Appendix Hermeneuticæ seu Exercitationes Exegetica. Ibid. 1813, 2 fasciculi.

"These works of the learned Catholic Professor are full of important and various learning. His Compendium of Biblical Antiquities is exceedingly well arranged, and comprehends, in narrow compass, every thing of importance in that department. He divides them into three classes, domestic, civil, and sacred, There is, at the end, a conspectus of the whole, comprising a series of questions, and referring to the preceding parts of the work for answers. His Enchiridion discovers an extensive and enlightened acquaintance with the principles of biblical criticism and interpretation. And the two fasciculi, published by way of appendix, contain some important expositions of the prophecies relating to the Messiah."

The works of Jahn are among the most valuable which have appeared in modern times. He is a Roman Catholic in name, but a man of a truly Protestant spirit. It is no wonder, therefore, that his writings should have found a place (as we are just informed they have) in the Index Expurgatorius lately printed at Rome. Mr. Orme might have noticed his other valuable works on Sacred Literature, viz. An edition of the Hebrew Bible, with select various readings, in four volumes 8vo.; a Hebrew Lexicon and a valuable Hebrew Grammar, of which there are several editions extant, both in Latin and German.

"TITMANN, CHARLES, a learned German divine; superintendent of the diocese of Dresden; still, or lately living.-MeVOL. VI. No. 35.-Museum.

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