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Costansó, companion of Por-
tolá, 263
Creek Indians, Spanish policy
regarding, 190; English fur
traders among, 218
Crespi, Father Juan, historian
of Rivera's expedition, 261,
262; quoted, 264–65
Crozat, Antoine, has monopoly
of Louisiana commerce, 222
Cuba, Spanish expedition
from, 3-4; Ponce de León at,
11; De Soto made Governor
of, 47
Cubero succeeds. Vargas in
New Mexico, 181

Cucurpe, mission station, 193
Cufitachiqui, De Soto at, 57;
De Soto enslaves cacica of,
58, 59

Culiacán, founding, 80; Coro-
nado at, 81

Dana, R. H., cited, 279

De Soto, Hernando, see Soto
Del Rey, Felix, prosecuting
attorney in Louisiana trial,
247

Descalona, Luís, lay brother in

New Mexico, 103-04
Díaz, Father, with Anza, 270
Díaz, Melchior, scout with
Coronado, 92

Diego, Fray, see Tolosa, Diego
de

Dolores, Mission, 199; see also

Neustra Señora de los
Dolores

Domingo, Brother, Jesuit,
translates catechism into
Guale, 159
Dominicans, accompany Ayl-
lón's expedition, 16; accom-
pany De Soto, 52; in Vera
Paz, 123; in Lower Califor-
nia, 206

Dorantes, Vaca and, 28, 36;
selected as leader of expedi-
tion, 80

Doucet, leader in Louisiana
revolt, 248

Drake, Sir Francis, menace to
Spain, 113-14; takes posses-
sion of New Albion, 162;
defeats Spanish Armada, 113,
163; and Strait of Anian,
113, 114, 169

Drake's Bay, Cabrillo dis-
covers, 110-11; Cermeño
wrecked in, 114; Vizcaíno
in, 116
Dutch, trading stations in
West Indies, 212

Eixarch, friar with California
colony, 273; remains with
Yuma Indians, 273, 274
El Morro Cliff, names carved
on, 167

El Paso, Vaca at, 42; Spanish

settlement, now Juarez, 179;
largest city of New Mexico
(1744), 183; acequia at,
185

El Turco, Indian with Coro-
nado, 95-96, 98, 100, 101;
killed, 102

Elizabeth, Queen of England,
161-62

England, rivalry with Spain,
129, 161-64, 218; coloniza-
tion, 163, 207; threatens
Oregon coast, 255; sends
Cook to North Pacific, 277
Escobar, Father, joins Oñate,
175
Española (Hayti), Spanish ex-
pedition from, 3-4; Ayllón
sails from, 16

Espejo, Antonio de, leads res-
cue party, 168-69; Oñate
follows, 176

Espinosa, Father, with Texas
colony, 225

Espíritu Santo, Spanish name
for Mississippi River, 10
Estevanico, 45; with Narváez's
expedition, 36, 37; and Vaca,

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Ferrelo, Bartolomé, pilot with
Cabrillo, 109, 111

Ferrer, Bartolomé, see Ferrelo
Florida, 18; Spanish explorers

in, 3; Ponce de León's first
expedition, 7-9; explored
and charted, 9; Ponce de
León's second expedition,
11-12; Narváez attempts to
settle, 19-25, 47; De Soto's
expedition, 47-56; coloni-
zation, 120 et seq.; missions
in, 160, 191; ceded to United
States, 164; England receives,
232; returned to Spain, 253;
bibliography, 298-99
Florida Keys, Ponce names
"The Martyrs," 8
Font, with Anza's colony,

273

Foucault, arrested by Spanish
in Louisiana, 246-47
Fountain of Youth, Ponce de
León seeks, 6, 8; Laudonni-
ère and, 136
France,

threatens Spain's
American possessions, 128-
129, 207, 213; pirates from,
129; gaining a foothold in
America, 134-35; Philip's
attitude toward, 134-35;
settlement at Fort Caroline,
136-40; Menéndez and
French colony, 142-50, 155;
Gourgues' expedition, 155–

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French West Indian Company,
212

Fuentes, oblate with Fray
Luís Cancer, 125

Fur trade, King of Spain denies
rights, 121; French and, 208,
209, 251; English and, 218;
notable traders, 251-52;
Russian, 258

Gadsden Purchase, 257
Galeras, Juan, with Coronado,
93
Gálvez, Bernardo de, Governor
of Louisiana, 249-50; cap-
tures English posts, 253
Gálvez, José de, organizes

California expedition, 259
Garcés, Father, Franciscan,
Anza's guide, 270; accom-
panies California colonists,
273; remains at Yuma, 273,
274

García, Juan, Dominican monk
with Fray Luís Cancer,

123

Gayarré, Charles, quoted, 236-
237, 241

Georgia, De Soto in, 51, 56-
58, 59; Jesuit missionaries
in, 159; missions in, 160, 191
Gómez, Esteban, Spanish navi-
gator, 16

Gonzalvo, Father, sent to San
Xavier, 199

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Florida expedition, 155-58
Grand Canyon, Castañeda's
description of, 92-93
Grashofer, Jesuit missionary,
201

Gregorio, Fray, see Beteta
Guale (Georgia), Spanish fort

at, 154; missionaries at, 159
Guatemala, Fray Luís Cancer
in, 122

Guzmán, Nuño de, official of
New Spain, and Vaca, 44;
expedition of conquest, 80,
106; treatment of Indians,
189, 190

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Iberville, Pierre le Moyne d',
founds Louisiana colony,
218; at San Carlos, 219;
builds fort at Biloxi, 219
Indians, and Ponce de León,
8, 11; sold as slaves, 12;
freed by Diego Columbus,
13; and Narváez, 20-21;
Vaca and, 26-27, 28-33, 35,
36, 37, 38-44; De Soto and,
49, 50, 53-55, 57-58, 60-61,
64, 65-66, 71, 73; as story-
tellers, 79-80; and Este-
vanico, 84-85; Coronado's
treachery, 96-97; in Taos,
102; Cabrillo and, 109; Fray
Luís Cancer and, 125, 126,
127; Villafañe and, 134;
Laudonnière and, 136-37;
massacre at Tampa Bay, 158;
Oñate and, 173-74, 174-75;
government and life in New
Mexico, 181-87; trade with,
185-86; place in Spanish
scheme of conquest, 189-91;
French traders' influence on,
227; efforts to win to Span-
ish allegiance, 252; see also
Missions, names of tribes
Inscription Rock, 167
Isabel, Doña, daughter of
Pedrarias, wife of De Soto,
46, 48, 49, 69; death, 78

Jamaica, Spanish expedition
from, 4

Jamestown settled (1607), 163
Janissaries, 184

Jarri, French adventurer, 214
Jesuits, Menéndez sends out,

Jesuits-Continued

159; abandon Florida, 160;
persecution in England, 163;
on Pacific slope, 188 et seq.
Jiménez discovers Lower Cali-
fornia, 106

Joliet, Louis, descends Mis-
sissippi, 208

Juan, Fray, see García
Juárez, Spanish settlement, 179

Kansas, Coronado in, 101;
soldiers left in, 103

Keler, Jesuit missionary, 201
Kino, Eusebio Francisco, Jes-
uit missionary, 192 et seq.,
206; explores Arizona, 195-
196; as trailmaker, 199-200;
death (1711), 200

La Bahía (Matagorda Bay),
228; see also Matagorda Bay
La Clede establishes trading
post at St. Louis, 237
La Cruz, Juan de, Franciscan
missionary in New Mexico,
103-04

Lafrénière, leader in Louisiana
revolt, 248

La Mathe, fur trader, 251
La Paz, Vizcaíno plants colony
at (1597), 114
La Pérouse, cited, 279
La Salle, Robert Cavelier de,

attempt at colonization,
209-12; León searches for
colony of, 214; colony as
found by León, 215
Laudonnière, Rene de, Fort
Caroline colony under, 136-
140; rescued from Menéndez,
145

La Vérendrye,

trader, 230

Canadian

Las Casas, head of monastery
of Santiago, 122

Las Matanzas (The Massacre),
scene of Menéndez's brutal-
ity, 147

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Los Adaes (Robeline), mission
built, 225; settlement in
Texas, 228; presidio added,
228; settlers expelled (1773),
250

Los Angeles founded, 277
Louis XIV of France com-
missions Iberville to colon-
ize, 218

Louisiana, 232 et seq.; De Soto
traverses, 51; trade with
New Mexico, 186; part of
Texas, 207; plans for found-
ing French colony, 218;
Spain acquires, 234-35;
settlements (1762), 235;
trade with English, 249-50;
Indian policy in, 251; popu-
lation (1800), 256; pur-
chased by United States,
256; bibliography, 302–03
Lowery, Woodbury, Florida,
quoted, 143, 149, 157-58;
Spanish Settlements, quoted,
5, 10, 12, 16, 125, 190;
cited, 127

Luís, Fray, see Cancer
Luna y Arellano, Tristán de
see Arellano

Luther, Martin, defies Charles
V, 128

Macanoche, sister of chief of
Pacaha, 67

McGillivray, Alexander, In-
dian agent, 255
Mackay, explorer with Cla-
morgan's Company, 255
MacNutt, F. A., ed., De Orbe
Novo, quoted, 14–15
Magdalena,

interpreter

for

Fray Luís Cancer, 124
Maldonado, lieutenant of De
Soto, 62, 78
"Malhado❞ Island (Galveston
Island), Vaca castaway on,
25, 26

Mallet brothers, Canadian
traders, 230
Mandan Indians, trading posts
among, 255

Mange, Lieutenant Juan, with

Kino's expeditions, 195
Manila, trade route to Spain
from, 113; captured by Eng-
lish, 232; see also Philippine
Islands

Marcos, Fray, see Niza
Mares, José, finds direct trail
from San Antonio to Santa
Fé, 254

Margil, Father, heads mission-
ary expedition to Texas,
225

Marquette, Jacques, Jesuit,
descends Mississippi, 208
Marquis, leader in Louisiana
revolt, 248

Martínez,

Martínez, Father, Franciscan
leader with Oñate, 171
Father, Jesuit,
Florida mission, 153
Martyr, Peter, tales of Caro-
lina, 14
"Martyrs, The," Ponce de
León's name for Florida
Keys, 8

Massanet, Damián, Franciscan

friar with León's expedition,
214-17, 228
Matagorda Bay, La Salle lands

on, 209; French expeditions
to, 227

Mavilla (Mobile), De Soto at,
60; see also Mobile
Melgosa, Captain, with Coro-
nado's expedition, 93
Memorial of the Planters, 246,

248
Menchero, Father, description
of New Mexico (1744), 182
Mendocino, Cape, Vizcaíno

reaches, 116
Mendoza, Antonio de, first
Viceroy of New Spain, 80;
and Coronado, 80, 88, 103,
107; Florida project, 120-21;
quoted, 190

Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro,
advises Philip II, 135;
French learn of expedition,
138; expedition against
French in Florida, 140-49;
further explorations and
settlements, 150-55; honors
conferred by King, 154;
leaves America (1572), 160;
death (1574), 161

Merás, with Menéndez's ex-
pedition, 148

Mexican War, 257

Mexico, City of, Fray Luís
Cancer goes to, 123

Mexico, missions in, 191; trade
with French, 222-23
Mézières, Athanase de, Indian
agent, 252, 254

Milhet, Jean, leader in Louisi-
ana revolt, 248

Milhet, Joseph, leader in
Louisiana revolt, 248
Missions, work of Franciscans
in Florida, Georgia, and
South Carolina, 160; de-
scription of Queres mission,
178; in New Mexico, 183;
for Janissaries, 184-85; in

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