P. 265, 1. 35. 1 P. ix. 113, a. 10, ad. 2. These signs refer to the Summa of Saint Thomas Aquinas here quoted, and mean Parte 1, quæstione 113, articulo 10, ad objectionem 2.

P. 266, 1. 1.
P. 266, 1. 2.

P. 266, 1. 4.

P. 266, 1. 8.

P. 266, 1. 13.

P. 266, 1. 19.

P. 266, 1. 25.

Si tu es Christus.

Luc. xxii. 66.
Opera quæ ego facio. Joh. v. 36.
Sed non vos creditis. Joh. x. 26.
Nemo potest facere signa.

Joh. iii. 2.

Generatio prava. Matt. xii. 39. Nisi videritis signa non creditis. Joh. iv. 48. Secundum operationem Satano. 2 ad Thess. ii. 9. Tentat enim vos Deus. Deut. xiii. 3. Ecce prædixi vobis. Matt. xxiv. 25. P. 268, 1. 10. Father Lingende. 1660, was a Jesuit preacher. His 1666.

P. 266. 1. 29.
P. 266, 1. 31.

Claude de Lingendes, 1591sermons were published in

P. 268, 1. 30. Ubi est Deus tuus. Ps. xlii. 3.

P. 269, 1. 5. do not believe that the five propositions are in Jansenius. To explain this fully would need a far longer note than can here be given. It may be said shortly that the allusion is to the " Augustinus of Cornelius Jansen, Bishop of Ypres. Two questions arose: first, whether the propositions condemned were heretical, and second, whether if heretical they were in Jansen's book. The second assertion was that which the nuns of Port Royal refused to make. They had not read the book, and could not affirm that of which they were ignorant. The five propositions were on the Doctrines of Grace and Free Will. P. 269, 1. 9. Tu quid dicis. These are partial quotations from Joh. iv. 19, etc. P. 269, 1. 28. Nemo facit virtutem. Marc. ix. 38, but incorrectly. The true reading is Nemo est enim qui faciat. P. 270, 1. 10. Omne regnum divisum. Matt. xii. 25. P. 270, 1. 14. Si in digito Dei. Luc. xi. 20. P. 270, 1. 21. Vatable, who died in 1517, was professor of Hebrew at the Collége Royal established by Francis I. In 1539 Robert Etienne published an edition of the Latin Bible of Leo of Modena-Rabbi Jehuda-to which he added under Vatable's name, notes which were not really Vatable's, but borrowed from various writers of the Reformation. These notes were condemned by the Sorbonne. The Bible known as that of Vatable contains the Hebrew, the Vulgate Version, and that of Rabbi Jehuda.

P. 272, 1. 7. miracles of Vespasian. Tacitus, Hist. iv. 81.

P. 273. Jesuits and Jansenists. A collection of fragments on these subjects, which perhaps might be considered rather as an appendix to, or notes for the Provincial Letters, than a part

of the Thoughts, properly so called. But they form part of the autograph MS.

P. 273, 1. 11. There is a time to laugh. Eccles. iii. 4. Responde, ne respondeas. Prov. xxvi. 4.

P. 275, l. 16. Elias was a man like ourselves. Quoted by memory as from St. Peter, but really from St. James, v. 17.

P. 275, 1. 22. accused of many crimes. Athanasius was accused of rape, of murder, and of sacrilege. He was condemned by the Councils of Tyre, A.D. 335, of Arles, A.D. 353, and of Milan A.D. 355. Pope Liberius, after having long refused to ratify the condemnation, was said to have finally done so A.D. 357. But this is disputed by recent authorities. For Athanasius we are of course here to read Jansenius and Arnauld; for St. Theresa, la mère Angélique or la mère Agnès; for Liberius, Clement IX. P. 276, 1. 7. Antonio Escobar y Mendoza. The Spanish Jesuit whose system of morals was so severely handled by Pascal in the Provincial Letters. He is among those whose names have given rise to a word: "escobarderie" is a synonym for equivo

cation.

P. 276, 1. 16. Molina, Louis, a Spanish Jesuit, born 1535, died 1601. The Jansenists accused his Commentary on the Summa of Saint Thomas Aquinas of favouring a lax morality.

P. 277, 1. 13. Mohatra. "The contract Mohatra, by which a man buys cloth at a dear rate and on credit, to re-sell it at once to the same person cheaply for ready money.' Eighth Provincial.

P. 278, 1. 33. Est and non est "Distinguo" applied in matters of faith.

P. 278, 1. 38. Væ qui conditis leges iniquas. Is. x. 1. But the Vulgate reads Væ qui condunt.

P. 279, 1. 34. M. de Condran. No doubt Charles de Condren, 1588-1641, doctor of the Sorbonne, and second General of the French Oratory, a society of priests founded by Cardinal de Bérulle at Paris in 1611.

P. 280, 1. 18.

P. 280, 1. 24.
P. 282, 1. 34.

Sanctificavi prælium. Mic. iii. 5.
Ne convertantur. Is. vi. 10.

Coacervabunt tibi magistros. 2 ad Tim. iv. 3, where the Vulgate has "sibi."

P. 283, 1. 7.

not to make appointments to bishoprics. But a few years after this Fathers La Chaise and Le Tellier, as Confessors to the King, had this power in their hands.

P. 283, 1. 10. Father Brisacier, born 1603, a Jesuit, and a warm opponent of Jansenism. He wrote Le Jansénisme confondu, and several minor works. He is constantly quoted in

the Provincial Letters.

P. 283, 1. 14. in 1657, having P. 284, 1. 1.

Venice. The Jesuits had just returned to Venice been expelled thence in 1606.

Amice, ad quid venisti. Matt. xxvi. 50.

P. 284, 1. 3. probability, or, technically, probabilism. Probabilism teaches that it is permissible to act on an opinion which is less probable than the opinion opposed to it so long as there is a solid ground for regarding it as probable in itself. Thus, if out of three moral theologians of recognized authority, two give it as their opinion that a certain course of conduct is unlawful, while the third asserts it to be lawful, probabilism permits the adoption in practice of the third opinion in opposition to the other two. A confessor would therefore have no right to forbid it under pain of sin.

P. 284, 1. 27. Dii estis. Ps. lxxxii. 6.

P. 284, 1. 28. If my Letters are condemned at Rome. The Provincial Letters were condemned at Rome, Sept. 6, 1657.

P. 285, 1. 35. imago. An allusion to the famous panegyric on the Jesuits called," Imago primi sæculi." See Fifth Provincial. P. 286, 1. 12. Si non fecissem quæ alius non fecit. Joh. xv. 24. P. 287, 1. 12. These nuns. The nuns of Port Royal were called upon to sign the Formula which declared that the Five Propositions were in Jansenius.

P. 287, 1. 16. Vide si via iniquitatis in me est. Ps. cxxxix, 24.
P. 287, 1. 27. they are so no longer, i.e. since the miracle.
P. 288, 1. 31. Vos autem non sic. Luc. xxii. 26.

P. 290,1.8. Annat, 1590-1670, a Jesuit priest, Provincial of the Order, and Confessor to Louis XIV., 1654-1670. He wrote the well-known book, Le Rabat-joie des Jansénists, 1666, and to him were addressed Pascal's Seventeenth and Eighteenth Provincials. P. 290, 1. 19. Montalte. Louis de Montalte was the pseudonym adopted by Pascal as the writer of the Provincial Letters. P. 291, 1. 5. A fructibus eorum. Matt. vii. 16.

P. 291, I. 17. Lessius, Leonard, a Jesuit born at Brecht, near Antwerp, 1554, died 1623, a pupil of Suarez. He was censured by the Faculty of Louvain in 1584. He wrote, among others, a treatise, De licito usu æquivocationum et mentalium restrictionum.

P. 291, 1. 21. Bauny. Pascal in his Eighth Provincial quotes an opinion of Father Bauny on the question of restitution to be made by one who has caused the burning of his neighbour's barn.

P. 291, 1. 23. quam primum. A reference to the rule that if a priest personally disqualified from saying Mass on account of any mortal sin is yet obliged to do so for the sake of his parishioners, it is sufficient that he make an act of contrition, and as soon as possible "quam primum" seek the Sacrament of

Penance.

Z

P. 292, 1. 30. State super vias. A partial quotation from Jer. vi. 16.

P. 293, 1. 32.

P. 297, 1. 18.

P. 297, 1. 20.
P. 298, 1. 27.

P. 298, 1. 31.

P. 298, 1. 32.

P. 298, 1. 33. P. 303, 1. 11. c. 90, where the them.

Vince in bono malum. Ad Rom. xii. 21.
Bibite ex hoc omnes. Matt. xxvi. 27.
In quo omnes peccaverunt. Ad Rom. v. 12.
Ne timeas, pusillus grex. Luc. xii. 32.
Qui me recipit. Matt. x. 40.

Nemo scit neque Filius. Luc. x. 22.
Nubes lucida obumbravit. Matt. xvii. v.
plus poetice quam humane locutus es. Petronius,
words have not the turn that Pascal here gives

The Che

P. 304, 1. 8. The part that I take in your sorrow. valier de Méré, in his Discours de la Conversation, says, that he had been witness to a bet, that on opening a letter of condolence the set phrase condemned above would occur, and that the lady to whom the letter was addressed could not help laughing in spite of her distress. Pascal's note is against writing mere formal phrases which can thus be easily guessed. The Cardinal is Mazarin.

P. 304, 1. 17. M. le M. Le Maistre, Antoine, 1608-1658. The allusion is to Les Plaidoyers et Harangues de M. le Maistre, Paris, 1657. On the first page of Plaidoyer VI., Pour un fils mis en religion par force, we find " Dieu qui repand des aveuglements et des tenebres sur les passions illégitimes," and Pascal probably refers to this passage as one in which the word repandre could not be replaced by verser.

P. 305, 1. 32. Ï judge by my watch. Mlle. Perier says, that Pascal always wore a watch attached to his left wrist-band.

P. 308, 1. 35. An example may be taken from the circulation of the blood. Apparently taken from Descartes, Discours sur la Méthode, pt. v., in which Descartes speaks of Harvey's discovery. P. 309, 1. 6. M. de Roannez. Gouffier, Duc de Roannez, was a friend of Pascal, some seven or eight years younger than he. He was a devoted adherent of Port Royal, and died unmarried. P. 312, 1. 3. Salomon de Tultie. An anagram for Louis de Montalte, see p. 290, 1. 9. P. 312, 1. 22. hitherto escaped P. 312, 1. 30.

P. 315, 1. 18.

The story of the pike and frog. This story has
research.

conatus recedendi. Centrifugal force.
When a strong man armed. Luke xi. 21.

4

INDEX.