selve Compagnie den voorn James Fer-vention granted authority to the magisguson voor haeren lieutenant te houden trates of Edinburgh "to quarter two en te erkennen. Gedaen ins-Hage den regiments under the command of Major10 Jany., 1685. (Signed) G., PRINCE General Mackay, in Leith, and the subD'ORANGE." The form is a very simple urbs of Edinburgh." one, and was apparently confined to the lower ranks, for a subsequent commission as captain, dated shortly before the expedition of 1688, is at much greater length and in duplicate, flowing separately from the Prince of Orange and the States-Gen-"the Dutch regiments were the only eral. seasoned troops, and they were not in their usual condition. William had drawn many veterans from them to fill up regiments in England, and the three together The insurrection of 1685 in Scotland, headed by the Earl of Argyll, was quelled before the brigade arrived, and it was directed to London, threatened from another quarter. On the 3rd of July "the three Scots regiments which came from Holland were drawn up in Blackheath before his Majesty, and the next day early they marched towards the west." Before they got far, the fight on Sedgemoor had quenched the hopes of Monmouth, and removed a stumbling-block from the path of William, and the brigade returned to Holland. In acknowledging their assistance, King James wrote to the prince, "There cannot be, I am sure, better men than they are, and they do truly look like old regiments, and one cannot be better pleased with them than I am.” Three years later they revisited England, but it was under other banners and different auspices. The policy of the last Stuart king had alienated the very classes who had most faithfully supported and suffered most for his father, and it was a suggestive fact that while among the loyal addresses presented on his accession, there was one from "the officers of the Scots and English regiments in Holland," yet, when two years later he recalled the British troops in Holland, and the States, while forbidding the men to leave the colors, left the officers at liberty to follow their own inclinations, only sixty out of two hundred and forty obeyed the call. When the armament of William ap peared in Torbay, the three English and three Scots regiments, "commanded by General Mackay, a Scotsman of noble family, sailed under the red flag," and were the first to land on English soil. The brigade marched with William to London, but did not remain there long, for on the 13th March, 1689, the three Scots regiments "went down the river in the companies' barges, to go on board some ships to carry them to Leith, in Scotland, to secure the peace of that kingdom." On the 25th the Scotch Con The force at Mackay's command as commander-in-chief in Scotland consisted only of his own brigade, the new regiments levied by the Convention, and a scanty force of horse. For some time Mackay's own, Brigadier Balfour's, and Colonel Ramsay's, only mustered eleven hundred men. Exertions were made to complete their establishment, not wholly successful in the competition which the raising of several new regiments produced, but sufficient to account for the curious fact, that while they were always drawn upon for services of special importance and hazard, they failed at Killiecrankie to exhibit the stubborn endurance worthy of their foreign laurels. Nevertheless they were the backbone of Mackay's army, and supplied the officers to whom he entrusted the most important enterprises and posts. After the general marched to the north, Brigadier Balfour was left in command at Edinburgh till the arrival of General Lanier with reinforcements from England. Lieut.-Colonel Lauder of Balfour's regiment was detached to secure and hold Stirling, while Ramsay commanded the detachment of six hundred "chosen Dutch foot with officers conform," which Mackay summoned to his support at Inverness. He had previously despatched into Angus, along with his cavalry, "two hundred chosen firelocks of the Dutch regiments," and they, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Buchan, a brother of the officer who subsequently succeeded to the leadership of the Jacobites, were the only infantry he had with him in his first expedition into the northern shires. When he hurried forward to occupy Elgin, "so desirous of action were his troops, that the two hundred old foot kept the horse and dragoons at the trot betwixt Spey and Elgin," and in the retreat from Badenoch to Strathbogie, it was "the two hundred fusiliers upon whom he relied most." When he returned to the south, leaving garrisons in Inverness and Aberdeen, he drew them from the other troops that had joined him, and kept the Dutch troops for service in the field with himself, and when in the month of July he set out from Perth for | ings of that business, because they were Blair, the advanced guard pushed forward too generally committed." A report of to secure the pass of Killiecrankie was the day asserted that two of the Dutch composed of "two hundred fusiliers, regiments "would not fight." Was it a picked men of the Dutch brigade," com- remembrance of the gallantry of Seneff manded by Lieut.-Colonel Lauder. The that unnerved "the picked men of the order of march through the gloomy defile Dutch brigade," or is the infusion of was significant of Mackay's estimate of new blood a sufficient reason? Certainly the forces under his command. First Mackay trusted them as much afterwards went the remainder of Balfour's regiment, as before, and Sir William Lockhart's then Ramsay's, then the newly raised bat- reflection was a natural one, not unworthy talions of Kenmure and Leven, with Bel- of the attention of army reformers of the haven's troop of horse between them, then present day. "It is a pity to give green Mackay's own veteran regiment com- men to good men to command them, for manded by his brother, immediately in their running was the loss of all." front of the baggage, while Annandale's The death of Dundee reversed the troop and Hasting's English regiment fortune at the crisis of the campaign, for formed the rear-guard. In order of battle something more than a training in the the disposition was similar, the leading Scots brigade was needed to inspire the battalions being on the left of the line. Highlanders. Mackay set to work to reAs the opposing hosts confronted each pair his defeat, and summoned to Perth other till afternoon melted with evening, "the three battalions of the Dutch regithere was time for those on either side ments that had not been at the late enwho knew each other of old, to scan the counter in Athole," and during the camdispositions and apply their experience to | paign of the following year he committed the coming struggle. Dundee himself, to an officer, and picked detachments from Cannon who commanded his Irish brig. the Scots Brigade, the carrying out of a ade, and many of his officers, had served measure on which he set great value. He in the Dutch brigade, and knew with had long desired to fix a thorn in the side whom they had to deal. The chief weight of the Highlands, by constructing a fort of the Highland charge was poured on and depot on the west coast, in an advanMackay's regiment, because the Jacobite tageous position for controlling Lochaber officers "who had carried arms in that and Morven, bridling Muil, and cutting regiment abroad, were of opinion if it the communication between King James's were beat, it would facilitate the rest of supporters in Scotland and his army in the work, but," says the general, "there Ireland. Owing to the ambitions and was a great difference betwixt it when intrigues in the Council, and lack of enerthey had known it and at this time, as gy on the part of the political authorities, was also of the other two regiments come it was long before the general could get out of Holland." It lost its lieut.-colonel, his project carried out. At last, thanks James Mackay, brother of the command to the aid of the city of Glasgow, six hun. er-in-chief, two captains and five subal-dred chosen men were despatched in terns, while two other captains, one of three frigates from Greenock, under the them the general's nephew, and captain of the grenadier company, were left wounded on the field. While the right wing was thrown into confusion, -a con fusion which is reflected in "honest General-Major Mackay's " account of the bat tle, the left fared no better. Brigadier Balfour who had charge of it was killed, and Mackay's statement of what occurred there is this: "Balfour's regiment did not fire a shot, and only the half of Ramsay's made some little fire. Lieut.-Colonel Lauder was advantageously posted on the left of all on a little hill, wreathed with trees, with two hundred of the choice of our army, but did as little as the rest of that wing, whether by his or his men's fault it is not well known; for the general would never make enquiry into the fail command of Major Ferguson of Lauder's regiment, whose commission as a lieuten. ant has been previously quoted. The claymore which struck down Balfour had made him a field officer, and Mackay describes him as "a resolute, well-affected officer, to whose discretion and diligence he trusted much.", His instructions charged him to "do nothing active, but upon visible and apparent advantages and humane assurance of success," but a descent on Mull was suggested, and he was to open communications and co-operate with the laird of MacLeod. He and the naval commander were to use with all the rigor of military executions such as shall continue obstinate in their rebellion, with this proviso that women and children be not touched or wronged in their persons." And one touch showed distinctly the hand | took part in all the great battles, and on of the worthy old officer, whom Burnet the costly field of Malplaquet there fell describes as the most pious of soldiers. among its officers the Marquis of Tulli. "The said major commanding-in-chief bardine, eldest son of the Duke of Athole. shall have special care, his men be keeped The new regiments were disbanded at the under exact discipline both as soldiours Peace of Utrecht. and christians, to hinder cursing and swearing and all other unchristian and disorderly customs, and to chastise in their purse and persons such as persist in them after intimation." The expedition was a successful one. It accomplished a considerable destruction of houses and boats; many of the Highlanders staid at home to protect their country against it; and it kept the western clans from joining Buchan and Cannon in any considerable numbers. Several of the small islands between Cantyre and Mull submitted, and it was not without effect on the attitude of the Earl of Seaforth. After commencing the fort at Inverlochy, named Fort William, Major Ferguson advanced to Locheil House, where he encamped until Mackay joined him from Perth at the head of the main army, of which the entire three regiments now formed a part. In the course of the summer the expiring embers of the war were trodden out by successes of officers trained in the Dutch brigade, for Ferguson defeated the Jacobites in Mull, while Livingston, whose dragoons dispersed Buchan's force on the haughs of Cromdale, had previously served in it. For many years following, the duties of the brigade were mainly those of garrison in Holland, but it is interesting to observe that in one regiment at least, the command was almost hereditary in a wellknown Scotch family. General Mackay of Scourie had found Holland a more congenial soil than Sutherland, and his descendants settled there. He was succeeded in command of his regiment by a nephew, Brig.-General Eneas Mackay, whose son Donald held it after him, and fell at Fontenoy. The next generation were also represented among its officers, while old General Mackay's own son, who died with the rank of major, in 1708, left two sons, the elder of whom died in 1775, a Dutch general and colonel of the old regiment in which his father and grandfather had served. To make the picture complete, his brother was lieut.-colonel of the same, as had been the case two generations before. Such a set of circumstances should of itself be conclusive evidence of the nationality hidden under the Dutch uniform. The loosing of the elements of disturbance operated by the death of the emperor, Charles VI., and Frederick of Prussia's swoop upon Silesia, cut out work once more for the Scots Brigade. The support given by the States to the claims of Maria Theresa and their adherence to the Quadruple Alliance, cost Holland dear in the loss of all the barrier towns, and although second battalions were raised, and at one time it mustered six thousand strong, the Scots Brigade suffered so severely that in 1747 it was reduced to three hundred and thirty men. At Roucoux, General Colyear's regiment stood exposed for over two hours to incessant artillery fire, though by retiring a little it might have been placed under cover. It was thought requisite that they should appear in full view of the French." Yet, under this severe ordeal, Two years later saw the Scots Brigade part of which had meanwhile served in Ireland once more arrayed on Dutch soil, under the command of their old general. They shared in the toils of the bloody and gloomy fields of Steinkirk and Landen, and under Brigadier Colyear, afterwards Earl of Portmore, covered the retreat of the allied army in 1695. Another Mackay who was their brigadier, died at the siege of Namur, and the command was given to Robert Murray of Melgum, afterwards General Count Murray in the Imperial service. But their exact position at this period appears to have been peculiar, for at the Peace of Ryswick, the Scots Brigade returned to Britain, and was stationed in Scotland till 1698, when it was restored to the Dutch service."the whole Brigade seemed immovable, On the other hand the Cameronian Regiment remained in Holland till 1699, in Dutch pay, and having some of its commissions flowing in Dutch. During the campaigns of Marlborough the brigade was commanded by John, Duke of Argyll and Greenwich, and increased by three additional regiments. It except when the frequent breaches made in the ranks required to be closed up." So steady were the Scotch soldiers that a Dutch general previously prejudiced against them, held them afterwards in high honor, and retorted on one occcasion to a foreign prince who criticised the size of the men compared with the German اردو T regiments: "I saw the day that they looked taller than any of your grenadiers." At Val and Bergen op Zoom there was much slaughter among the Scots, and in the unsuccessful defence of the latter place the struggle was so fierce that Col year's battalion which went into action six hundred and sixty strong, came out with one hundred and fifty-six men. Ma jor Murray quotes from an old writer this description of the strife: "Overpowered by numbers, deserted and alone, the Scotch assembled in the market-place, and attacked the French with such vigor, that they drove them from street to street, till fresh reinforcements pouring in compelled them to retreat in their turn, disputing every inch as they retired, and fighting till two-thirds of their number fell on the spot, valiantly bringing their colors with them, which the grenadiers twice recovered from the midst of the French at the point of the bayonet. 'Gentlemen,' said the conquering general to two of ficers who had been taken prisoners, Lieutenants Travers and Allan MacLean -'had all conducted themselves as you and your brave corps have done, I should not now be master of Bergen-op-Zoom.'" In May of that year, Henry Douglas, Earl of Drumlanrig, whose tragic death seven years later closed a brave career, got a commission to raise a regiment of two battalions and twenty companies in the Highlands, for the service of the States of Holland, and when in 1749 the second battalion was reduced after the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, it was brought back by him to Scotland at his own expense. There lies before us an orderbook of this regiment from 8th February, 1748, to 14th August, 1749, which records the names of the officers and illustrates the discipline, and to some extent the dress of the old Scots Brigade. Judging from a reference to a non-commissioned officer broken at Burntisland, it would seem that the regiment embarked there, and during the period to which the book relates, it was stationed at Gorcum, in garrison at Breda, in cantonments at Vianen and the neighborhood, in whole or in part at Bommel, and finally at Venlo. The activity of the tailors and several orders relating to exercise would indicate that the regiment had been recently raised, and on the 25th of March, 1748, the articles of war, of which two copies had been prepared in English, were ordered to be read over to the companies in turn. The order of the day concluded with a note in these terms: "As there are several of them that do 66 not understand English, its expect that the officers will take care to have it explained in their own language, that not a man may pretend ignorance." At Gorcum, the day before the officers off duty were ordered "to be at the Great Cof fee-House to-morrow morning, half an hour before nine, in order to go and wait upon the Staits," and on the 2nd May, immediately before marching to join the garrison at Breda, the officers were ordered always to "bring their spontons with them" to parade, "in order to learn to salut." On 19th May it is mentioned, "whoever has letters to send to their friends in Scotland, are to send them to the Coll's quarters, who will get them free of postage," and, at Vianen, the festival of a national saint is marked by an order not without interest. On ordinary occasions the parole was the name of some Dutch town, but on the 30th November it is St. Andrew and Scotland," and the order runs, "The men to be particularly careful to make no disturbance on the streets this night. The Patroles to goe every hour after Tattoe, and to confine all they can find making disturbances." In garrisons which included troops of vari ous nations, occasions of disturbance were not hard to find, and at Breda we find them provided against thus: "It must be told the men, man by man, that the soldiers of the respective regiments must live together in good harmony, the officers and under-officers to take care that no disturbance happens. Whoever disobeys these orders, whether in the fault or not, shall be severelie punished," while a general order was issued by General Van Leyden, on the same subject, a few days later. The discipline appears to have been good, though there are orders for detachments for the execution of prisoners, and one or two cases of drumming out. Thus, on 14th August, 1749, the general order runs: "A captain, 3 subs, 6 sergts., and 150 granadiers, to be on the Parade at the Barricks, at 5 o'clock this afternoon, in order to whip away a corpl. of Lord Drumlanrig's Regt. The three Scots Batts. furnishes the above detachment." The regimental order is more particular in improving the occasion for the benefit of the defaulter's comrades. " "Fifty grenadiers to be under arms at 5 this afternoon, on the parade of Genl. Stuart's regt., to whip out Charles Doug. las, Corpl. of Granadeers, who, forgetting the tyes of Gratitude he owes to my Lord, and attempting to seduce the men to desert, has thereby rendered himself un if Keith, General Fraser who fell at Saratoga, and Sir William Stirling of Ardoch. worthy of being among honest people, for | the above defaults, officers for that duty, Capt. Colquhoun and Lieut. Sutherland." The closing years of its service in HolThe carrying off of wood by the soldiers land were not happy. It was to some from the dykes and elsewhere seems to extent reduced, and at the same time have been a subject of trouble with the flooded with foreigners, while the disputes municipal authorities, while one or two arising out of the American War made its touches of a lighter character occasionally position a far from enviable one. When crop up. Thus, an information is taken the Dutch joined the Armed Neutrality, at the guard-room upon Rod. M'Kenzie, the Scottish officers petitioned that it for stabbing Captain Chalmers' dog, while should be recalled, but the request was on 4th May, 1749, "Coll. Stuart begs that refused, and when war broke out it was any of the officers has the 4th volume sent by the States to garrison the inland of Tom Jones, they will be so good as frontier. But in 1793, when the greatest return it." On the 1st of July the regi- contest Great Britain has ever had forced ment marched by Bois-le-Duc, St. Oudin- upon her had to be resolutely faced, Mr. roy, Helmont, and Meyle, to Venlo, and Pitt was not the statesman to neglect any the orders illustrate the interest taken by source of strength upon which he could other kingdoms in the affairs of the Low draw. The Scots Brigade was then reCountries. At Helmont, on the 4th, it is called, and as the 94th of the British line observed, "As to-morrow's quarters is in served at the Cape of Good Hope, in Inthe Austrian territorys, it's expected that dia, and throughout the Peninsular War. the men will be particularly careful of Disbanded in 1818, with other regiments, their behaviour," while next day they are after the Peace of Paris, its long and stirinformed, "As the Regt. is to march ring career of over two hundred years through the Prussian territorys, the men came to an end, but there remained for it must be extreamly Regular in keeping a fictitious existence, which introduces to their divisions, and not to straggle." We a curious result. A new 94th was raised can imagine the drill-masters of the most five years after the old was disembodied, exacting of martinets, scanning with criti- and on this occasion, says Grant, "the cal eyes the ranks of the Scottish soldiers, green standard of the old brigade of imand it is satisfactory to find the order of mortal memory was borne through the the 6th, at Venlo, conclude thus: "My streets from the castle of Edinburgh by a Lord acquaints the battalion that he is soldier of the Black Watch, thus identifyvery well satisfied wt. them for yr. behaving the new regiment with the old." iour upon the March To-day." If these Where are we to find it now? Highextracts give a peep into the economy flying statesmen, who scorn tradition and and actual life of "the old brigade," the make war upon custom," perform marvellist of officers is noteworthy as showing lous feats, and when the representatives how thoroughly Scotch it was. A Stew of the veterans on whom William of art was lieut.-colonel, the majors were a Orange principally relied, appear as "ConYoung and a Leslie, and the captains, Sir naught Rangers," it is impossible not to George Colquhoun, a MacLeod, a M'Kie, feel that a great step has been accoma Douglas, a Macdonald, a Chalmers, a plished in the pacification of Ireland. Johnstone, a Dundas, a Pringle, a Keith, the metamorphosis which the British army a Cunningham, a Barbour, a Sinclair, an has recently undergone, the 94th has been Oswald, a Stuart, and a MacLean. As slumped with the 88th, and so baptized! was befitting, three Douglases were found among the subalterns, and indeed the only gentleman whose name does not give him a passport to a Scottish regiment is one Lieut. John Budge. A Lieut.-General Halket at the same time commanded a regiment in the service of the States, and the brigade trained many an officer whose exertions were afterwards given to his own country. Some held high commands under Marlborough, and among those of a later date were Colonel Cunningham of Enterkin, General Murray, successor of Wolfe at Quebec and defender of Minorca, Sir Robert Murray Much light is thrown upon national character, by the fact that the old title of the Scottish monarch was not king of Scotland, but "King of Scots." It was a title that held true in adversity as well as in prosperity, and might be retained in exile without pretence. In partibus infidelium it was still acknowledged, and the Scotsman, while he exhibited the full truth of the saying, omne solum forti patria, never forgot his nationality. The story of the old brigade, which we have been able only to faintly sketch, is therefore an important phase of the history, if not of Scotland, at least of the Scottish |