Remedies proposed,

Page 412-15

Need of increased attention to sanitary improvement in Great
Britain,

And of a diminution of hard work, with an increase of the means of recreation,

414

415

Knowledge of human nature needs to be diffused,
Causes of the comparative sobriety of the French,

perance,

415

415

Religious insanity,

Importance of recreation as a means of diminishing intem

Gloomy religious views foster this vice,

Drunkenness can be cured only in accordance with the maxim,
Sublatâ causâ, tollitur effectus,

NOTE L.-RECREATION A SABBATH-DUTY,

417

417

418

418

420

To the refreshment of repose (which was the only thing expressly provided to the Jews by the Fourth Commandment), that of active recreation should be added,

The natural desire of excitement and enjoyment should be reasonably gratified,

424

Study of Natural History and Philosophy,

The most agreeable kinds of recreation are the most attainable and improving,

424

424

Reading,

425

Eloquence and the drama,

427

Society and conversation,

428

Doctrine of the Westminster Catechism that recreations are forbidden in the Fourth Commandment,

On the contrary, it virtually enjoins them,

Generous feeding, a sufficiency of sleep, and the refreshment
of bathing, are also virtually enjoined,

Joyous character of Mosaic festivals, including the Sabbath,
Misinterpretation of Isaiah lviii. 13, 14, by the Puritans,
Michaelis on the necessity of festivals to mankind,
His defence of amusements on Sunday,

What kinds of work were forbidden in the Fourth Command-
ment?

Were mental labour, and fighting, prohibited?

Visiting and feasting said by a Puritan writer to be "awful violations" of the Sabbath; if so, Jesus himself set an example of its profanation,

Cooking unlawful on the Sabbath among the Jews,
Principal Lee's denial of the gloomy character of the Puritan
Sabbath in the 17th century,

440

440

His assertion that "the time of the Covenanters was a period

of great religious light, and of great strictness and purity
of morals,"

Page 440

Its inaccuracy shewn from the evidence of the General Assembly, Oliver Cromwell, Nicoll's Diary, the parochial registers, Hugh Binning, Principal Baillie, and several Acts of Parliament,

Attempts of the two Drs M'Crie to lessen the weight of por

441-6

tions of this testimony,

444-5

The Sabbatarianism of the Puritans condemned by its fruits,
Happiness conducive to virtue, and misery to vice,
Benefits derivable from Sunday trains,

446

448

449

Evidence of the Rev. John Griffith on their behalf,
His appeal to the Clergy,

449

450

Pernicious errors promulgated by Sabbatarians about Sabbathobservance as the passport to worldly prosperity,

450

450

The true sources of prosperity quoted from Solomon,
Dr Bruce's notion of the method of God's government,
The Puritan Sabbath acknowledged by Wilberforce to be a
heavy day, even to well-disposed people,

451

452

452

Dr Lorimer's theory of the downfall of the Stewarts, Arrogance and ignorance of pretenders to knowledge of the secret counsels of the Almighty,

453

453-6

NOTE N.-THE SCOTTISH MEMORIALS AGAINST
SUNDAY TRAINS,

457

These memorials signed chiefly by the ignorant,

457

Many of the signatures forged,

458

Exposure made at meeting of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Rail

Unseemly assertion of the present Dr M'Crie about the fabri

His reference to 213 memorials from "public bodies,"
Le Clerc's satirical advice to ecclesiastical historians,

NOTE 0.-PROTESTANT PRINCIPLE AND PROTES-
TANT PRACTICE,

The Rev. Sydney Smith on modern forms of intolerance,
Grounds of Protestant ill-will to the Roman Catholics,
Protestants vied with Papists in the work of persecution,
Both parties ought now to forget and forgive,
The Protestants less excusable than the Papists,
Most of the Reformers advocated freedom only for themselves,
Zuinglius and Dudith rare instances of men who understood and

practised the principles of religious liberty in the 16th
century,

Discussions in England, excited by persecution of the Non

Page 469

The Brownists not the first who entertained correct views of

religious liberty,

Mr Bancroft's claim for Roger Williams equally untenable,
The Independents, &c.,

Writings of Locke and his followers on toleration,
Religious liberty in the United States,

in Scotland,

Hopes for the future,

NOTE P.-THE DUTY OF ACTING ACCORDING TO ONE'S
RELIGIOUS BELIEF,

Even mistaken people ought to act according to their judgment,
What if they should judge it right to injure others?

473

473

474

Duty of disseminating opinions,

Proper mode of doing so,

The right of proselytising belongs to all sects alike,
Beneficial effects of free discussion,

Laws against the publication of blasphemous works,

of England,"

474

475

475-6

476

477

"

The maxim that Christianity is part and parcel of the Law

Its origin and practical working,

The Law of Scotland more rational,

Expediency of allowing equal rights to advocates of all phases of religion,

Lord Jeffrey's decision of a lawsuit about a legacy for the promotion of Unitarian principles,

479

480

NOTE Q-CURIOSITIES OF THE SABBATH ALLIANCE, The Alliance founded on the Fourth Commandment, as a "clear and unquestionable" basis,

481

481

This the ground most generally rejected by theologians,
Financial hopes and realities of the Alliance,

482

482

Its narrative of the Glasgow struggle for Sunday trains,
Its charge of dishonesty, ignorance, or stupidity, against the
rejecters of its principles,

483

484

Its gigantic misrepresentation as to "the common consent of the Christian world" to a Sabbatarian doctrine,

NOTE R. THE SCRIPTURAL GROUNDS OF THE SABBATH, 485 Sabbath-doctrine of the Shorter Catechism of the Church of

Scotland, and Scriptural Proofs adduced,

Commentary thereon,

The statement acceded to, that the rule at first revealed to man

for his obedience was the moral law,

489

Opposite doctrine of the Sabbath Alliance,

489

Are the Ten Commandments a complete and mere summary of

the moral law?

489

Preface to the Ten Commandments,

Fourth Commandment,

Page 491

492

The copy of that precept in Exodus preferred to the other
copy by the framers of the Catechism,

The reasons annexed to both copies, said by a Presbyterian
Reviewer to have been written by God on the tables of
stone,
The probable inducement to place the Exodus copy rather
than the other in the Catechism, is now extinguished,
Declaration of Jesus that his Father had worked continually,
Answer in the Catechism to the question, "What is required
in the Fourth Commandment?"

Implied but unwarranted assumption that the Commandment.
was imposed upon all men,

Doctrine of the Churches of England and Scotland, and the Sabbath Alliance, that the Decalogue is still in force, and the only part of the Jewish law which is so,

492

492

493

493

493

494

494

Inconsistency of the Alliance on this point,
Some theologians contend for the continued obligation of the
whole Mosaic law upon the Jews,

495

495

Views of Hengstenberg as to the extent of its obligation on the Gentile Christians,

Confusion from oversight of the difference of position of the

Jewish and Gentile Christians,

501

The Decalogue and the Law of Nature,

501

Luther's denial of our subjection to the Mosaic law,

Did Jesus adopt the Sabbath into the new Dispensation?
He addressed the Jews only, and confirmed (to them alone)
their whole law equally with the Decalogue,

His injunction, "Pray that your flight may not be on the
Sabbath-day," proves nothing for Sabbatarianism,
The passage in Heb. iv. 9, 10, equally unserviceable,
Arguments of Sabbatarians from prophecy,

Declaration of Jesus, that "The Sabbath was made for man,

The division of time into weeks no proof of a primeval Sabbath,

Alleged sacredness of the seventh day of the week among the early Gentiles,

511

512

Probable origin of weeks,

513

Doctrine of the Apostles to the Gentiles about the Sabbath,
Decision of the dispute between the Jewish and Gentile con-

Passages in the Epistles of Paul to the Romans, Colossians,

and Galatians,

516

Rare attempts of Sabbatarians to explain them away,

517

Alleged transference of the Sabbath from the seventh to the

Universal admission that no enactment of the transference is

on record, Circumstantial evidence appealed to by the Sabbatarians, The Six Texts in the New Testament :

Page 519

(1.) John xx. 19: Christ's appearance at a meeting of
the disciples in the evening after his resurrection,
(2.) John xx. 26: Another appearance of Christ after
eight days,

(3.) Acts ii. 1: Meeting of the disciples on the day of

Pentecost,

519

519

519

(4.) Acts xx. 6, 7: Incidents during Paul's visit to
Troas,

521

.

521

(5.) 1 Cor. xvi. 1, 2: His injunction to the Corin-
thians to lay by alms on Sunday for the poor
saints at Jerusalem,

522

(6.) Rev. i. 10: "I was in the Spirit on the Lord's

day,"

524

Inconclusiveness of these Texts,

526

527

Counter-indications in the Christian Scriptures,

In the Acts of the Apostles the seventh day is always called "the Sabbath," a phrase implying that no other Sabbath was known,

527

Denial by Sabbatarians that Christians in the Apostolic age observed the Mosaic Sabbath,

528

The fact that they did so, established by the history and writings of St Paul,

In the controversies between the Jewish and Gentile Chris-
tians about the Sabbath, no reference was ever made
to its transference to the first day, as must have been the
case had any such transference been known,
The history of the Acts of the Apostles, comprising 32 years,
nowhere mentions, or alludes to, a custom of meeting on
the first day of the week, or records any instance of a
meeting for religious purposes on that day,
Such is the "Apostolic example" so confidently appealed to by
the Sabbatarians!
Neither in the Epistles nor in the Apocalypse is Sabbath-
observance even once enjoined, or neglect of it reproved,
Nor does Paul enforce his injunction to the Corinthians (as he
naturally would have done if the Sabbatarian doctrine
were true), by any reference to the sufferings and resur-
rection of Christ,

Reflections on the baselessness of the Sabbatarian system,
Revelations in Scripture said by the Sabbatarians to be some-

530

This principle, however, is no less available to their opponents

And their charge of dishonesty, ignorance, or stupidity, can be retorted with aggravation,

534

Their averment, that no more than the existing evidence of the change of the Sabbath from the seventh day to the first is needed, or to be reasonably expected,