'emancipated,' launched into the career of improvement-likely to be 'improved off the face of the earth' in a generation or two. Papa! papa! wonderful indeed!

"Swarmery' in England has done its work, too. It has got up its puddle of Parliament and Public, what it calls its 'Reform Measure'; that is to say, the calling in of new supplies of blackguardism, gullibility, bribability, and amenability to beer and balderdash, by way of amending the woes we have previously had from our previous supplies of that bad article.

"But meanwhile, the good that lies in this delirious 'new Reform Measure-as there lies something of good in almost everything-is perhaps not inconsiderable. It accelerates notably what I have long looked upon as inevitable; pushes us at once into the Niagara Rapids; irresistibly impelled, with ever-increasing velocity, we shall now arrive; who knows how soon? For a generation past it has been growing more and more evident that there was only this issue; but now the issue itself has become imminent, the distance of it to be guessed by years. Traitorous politicians grasping at votes, even votes from the rabble, have brought it on. And yet, with all my silent indignation and disgust, I can not pretend to be clearly sorry that such a consummation has been expedited. The sum of our sins, increasing steadily day by day, will at least be less, the sooner the settlement is."

In response to the inevitable questions, "What is to happen when England, already in the Rapids, comes to actually shooting Niagara to the bottom?" and, above all, "What are the possibili

ties, resources, impediments, conceivable methods and attemptings of its ever getting out again?" the oracle of this "Latest-Day Pamphlet " replies: "Darker subject of prophecy can be laid before no man; and, to be candid with myself, up to this date I have never seriously meditated it, far less grappled with it as a problem in any sort practical." But, "as it is not always the part of wise men and good citizens to sit silent," he makes several suggestions, one of which has a "practical" if not a practicable look :

ARISTOCRACY IN A DEMOCRACY.

"Supposing the Commonwealth established, and Democracy rampant, as in America, or in France by fits." for seventy-odd years past, it is a favorable fact that our Aristocracy, in their essential height of position, and capability (or possibility) of doing good, are not likely at once to be interfered with; that they will be continued further on their trial, and only the question somewhat more stringently put to them, 'What are you good for; then? Show us, show us, or else disappear!' ... I have sometimes thought what a thing it would be, could the Queen 'in Council' (in Parliament or wherever it were) pick out some gallant-minded, stout, well-gifted Cadet-younger son of a Duke, of an Earl, of a Queen herself; younger son doomed now to go mainly to the Devil, for absolute want of a career-and say to him, 'Young fellow, see, I have scores on scores of "colonies," all ungoverned, and nine tenths of them full of jungles, boa-constrictors, rattlesnakes, Parliamentary Eloquences, and Emancipated Niggers ripening toward nothing but

destruction. One of these you shall have, you as ViceKing; on rational conditions, and ad vitam aut culpam, it shall be yours (and perhaps your posterity's if worthy). Go you and buckle with it, in the name of Heaven, and let us see what you will build it to.'"

Now, it is very true that the Queen had a dozen years ago, when this was written (to say nothing of an ample supply of the sons of dukes and earls), a pair of grown-up sons of her own who had shown a notable capacity for spending the liberal allowance which a grateful people had granted them, for no other reason that one can see except that they had graciously "taken the trouble to be born"; and beyond that they had shown a very decided capacity for going to the devil in all sorts of disreputable ways. But neither to our own minds, nor apparently to that of her Majesty, were these endowments precisely the ones that qualified them for being made ViceKings of India or Australia. Of late months, however, she has apparently called to mind this suggestion of Carlyle. She has made the husband of one of her daughters Viceroy of the Dominion of Canada; and as we write these words we have reports that her youngest son is to be made Viceroy of Ireland. Nobody hopes more sincerely than we do that the results will prove these measures to have been wise ones.

Carlyle has "lurking a considerable hope that many of our titular aristocracy will prove real

gold when thrown into the crucible," although many of them will be "drawn, pushed, and seduced into the universal, vulgar whirlpool of parliamenteering, newspapering, novel-writing, Comtephilosophying, immortal verse-making, etc., etc." Then there is the "aristocracy of Nature, who are of two kinds: the speculative, speaking or vocal; and the practical or industrial, whose function is silent." Of the speculative class, he thinks that “for a great while yet most of them will fly off into 'literature,' into what they call art, poetry, and the like, and will mainly waste themselves in that insane region." Forty-odd years ago he had written, as we have seen, "Could ambition always choose its own path, and were will in human undertakings synonymous with faculty, all truly ambitious men would be men of letters." His present advice is: "Of literature,' keep well to the windward. In fifty years, I should guess, it will be a credit to declare, 'I never tried literature; believe me, I have not written anything.' Of this speculative class of the aristocracy of Nature, Carlyle upon the whole hopes something, but not much; far less than of the silent or industrial hero. Still something grand, he thinks, may be hoped from the junction of these two kinds of aristocrats.

UNION OF THE TWO ARISTOCRACIES.

"He who is here and there recognizable as developing himself, and as an opulent and dignified kind of man,

and is already almost an Aristocrat by class; and is by intermarriage and otherwise coming into contact with the Aristocracy by title. . . . He can not do better than unite with this naturally noble kind of Aristocrat by title: the Industrial noble and this one are brothers born; called and impelled to cooperate and go together. . . . This Practical man of genius will not be altogether absent from the Reformed Parliament; his make-believe, the vulgar millionaire, is sure to be frequent there; and along with the multitudes of brass guineas, it will be very salutary to have a gold one or two. In and out of Parliament our Practical hero will find no end of work ready for him.”

We have said that this "Latest-Day Pamphlet" contains some of the best things which Carlyle has written. Notable among these are some noble paragraphs upon education in its widest sense. Of these we present, often much abridged, some pregnant sentences, which embody suggestions both practical and practicable.

TRAINING OF THE YOUNG.

"Under the wise direction of these future rulers there will be schooling and training of the young in the way that they should go, and the things that they should do. Our schools go all upon the vocal hitherto; no clear aim in them but to teach the young creature how he is to speak, to utter himself by tongue and pen, which, supposing him even to have something to utter, as he so very rarely has, is by no means the thing he specially wants in these our times. How he is to behave and do, that is the question for him. . . .