and those of the Czarewitch at the village of Tchercovna, near Biela, on the Banika-Lom. The Russians had here taken up a strong position in considerable force, but the wet weather had for some time prevented operations. Favourable weather setting in to-day enabled Mehemet Ali to carry out a reconnaissance of the Russian position, and his forces thus engaged came into conflict with the enemy about five o'clock in the afternoon. The Turks were compelled to retreat after fighting most stubbornly under a heavy fire.

21. Six children entombed at Jarrow, on the Tyne, by the falling in of an old pit-heap.

A fire broke out in the large flour mills of Messrs. Brown Brothers, King Street, Cork. A number of workmen were locked in, and had to break open a gate to make their escape. Two were seriously injured. The boiler exploded at about one o'clock and blew up the floors. The mills contained a large stock of flour and grain. Damage estimated at 10,000l.

The obelisk ship Cleopatra, in tow of the steamer Olga, sails from Alexandria for London with the monolith on board.

22.-Conclusion of proceedings before the Coroner regarding the bodies recovered from the wreck of the Avalanche and Forest. After three-quarters of an hour's deliberation the jury returned a verdict that the men were found drowned on the Chesil beach, and that they came to their death owing to the collision. A rider was appended, stating how pained the jury had been to hear of the way in which the deceased were buried, and that if any notice had been given the jury would have followed the remains.

Concluded at Bow-Street, on this the twenty-eighth day of sitting, the inquiry into the charge against Inspectors Meiklejohn, Druscovitch, Palmer and Clarke, and Mr. Froggatt, solicitor. On the conclusion of the evidence, Sir James Ingham, having heard the addresses for the defence, committed all the prisoners for trial on the charge of conspiracy to defeat the ends of justice, and as accessories after the fact to forgeries committed by Kurr, Benson, and others. Meiklejohn was also committed as an accessory before the fact. Bail was accepted as before for Froggatt and Inspector Clarke, but was refused for the other three inspectors.

Chefket Pasha's reinforcements and convoy succeed in entering Plevna.

Fire at Millwall in the premises of Messrs. Timothy and Green, jute merchants.

- Welcome rains reported as having been experienced in the famine-stricken districts of Madras.

Died, aged 67, M. Le Verrier, an eminent French astronomer and director of the Paris Observatory.

24.-The Clyde shipwrights resume work pending arbitration. During the time it lasted over 70,000l. was said to have been lost in wages.

22.-Intimation made that the Mansion House Indian Relief Fund now amounted to 250,000%.. The number of persons on relief works gratuitously fed by Government was 2,341,692. The mortality during July was 80,052 above the average. The committee unanimously resolved to send a further sum of 45,000l. to India, making 200,000l. in all sent out.

27.-Constantine Theodorides, thirty years of age, and Paul Gorlera, forty, sentenced, at the Central Criminal Court, to seven years penal servitude each for having attempted to extort money from Miss Augusta Ernestine Slade, niece of Admiral Slade, and residing with him at 3, Hyde Park Place. There had been an attachment between Miss Slade and the prisoner Theodorides, whose acquaintance she had made when travelling in Turkey, and an engagement to marry resulted; but this engagement was broken off, and subsequently the two prisoners endeavoured to extort money under a representation that Miss Slade's love letters, above a hundred in number, would come into the possession of other persons.

10.-Died, at Cambridge, the Rev. E. Bushby, one of the oldest members of the University.

11.-Colliery explosion at King's Pit, Pemberton, near Wigan. Of the forty-three persons working at the time of the accident, only six were rescued.

12. The Clyde shipwrights' dispute referred to arbitration. Mr. James White, representing the masters, held that the present state of trade did not admit of any increase of wages, while Mr. Lloyd Jones contended that the men had established their claim. A decision therefore rested with Lord Moncrieff as umpire, who on Nov. 7 pronounced in favour of the masters. The lock-out had lasted six months.

The four convicts under sentence of death for the Penge murder, respited. Alice Rhodes received a free pardon; the others penal servitude for life.

· Destructive fire at Inverary Castle. The occupants were soon aroused and got safely out, including the Duke and Duchess of Argyll, the Princess Louise, the Marquis of Lorne, and other members of the ducal family. The centre of the buildings soon became a prey to the flames, which, however, were pre. vented from spreading to the rest of the castle by the solid character of the masonry and by the fire-engines. The pictures and other valuable articles were removed in safety. Duke of Argyll attributed the origin of the fire to lightning. Amount of property destroyed estimated at from 15,000l. to 20,000l.

The

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14.-Cleopatra's Needle abandoned in the Bay of Biscay. The Olga steamer which had it in tow arrived at Falmouth, and the captain reported that he had to leave the Needle in the heavy gale in the Bay on Sunday night. Cleopatra was thrown upon her beam ends, the ballast broke adrift, and all efforts to secure her were fruitless. A boat's crew from the Olga, consisting of the second mate and five hands who went to the assistance of the Cleopatra, perished. The crew of the Cleopatra were saved. Later a telegram from Ferrol announced that the Fitzmaurice steamer, from Middlesborough for Valencia, fell in with the obelisk ship at sea, and recovered it ninety miles north of Ferrol, where the obelisk was detained pending a claim for salvage by the owners of the Fitzmaurice.

Election of the French Chamber of Deputies, resulting in a defeat of the Government, 316 Republicans being returned against 199 official candidates. The Duc Decazes was defeated at Lillebonne, but found a seat at Puget-Theniers. Prince Napoleon was thrown out at Ajaccio by M. Haussmann.

15.-Great battle at Aladja Dagh, between Kars and Alexandropol, resulting in an overwhelming defeat of the Turkish forces. The official Russian despatch describing the event

said:"In the morning after preparing the way by a very well directed cannonade, we commenced a general attack. In the afternoon General Heimann made a brilliant attack. upon Mount Aliwas, which he succeeded in carrying. By the Russian occupation of this position Ahmed Mukhtar Pasha's army was cut in two. That part of his army which retreated in the direction of Kars was attacked by the troops under General Lazaroff, and subsequently pur sued by General Heimann. Towards five o'clock in the afternoon it was completely beaten and dispersed, losing an enormous number of killed, several thousand prisoners, and four guns. At the same time the three Turkish divisions which had remained on the Turkish right flank were entirely surrounded and driven out of their positions on the Aladja Dagh with great loss, and at eight o'clock in the evening were compelled to surrender. Among the numerous prisoners taken were seven Pashas. We also captured thirty-two guns and an immense quantity of war material. Ahmed Mukhtar fled to Kars."

15.-Nine lives lost in a collision in the Channel between the Loch Fyne and steamer Knapton Hall.

17. Mr. Gladstone visits Ireland, in a private capacity, being the guest of Lord Meath and Earl Fitzwilliam.

Died, at Cannes, aged 42, Colonel the Hon. A. Anson, an officer whose services in the Crimea and India had been rewarded with the Victoria Cross.

18.-The losses in dead, wounded, and missing, on the Russian side up to this date, stated officially at 60, 100.

19.-Died, aged 93, the Hon. Mary Greville Howard, one of the greatest landed proprietors, possessing in all some 20,000 acres.

20.-Double murder at Wymondham, near Norwich. A blacksmith, named March, while engaged in his work quarrelled with a fellowworkman named Bidewell, and knocked him down and beat him about the head with a bar of iron. A maid-servant who witnessed the act went to inform the men's employer, a veterinary surgeon, named Mayes, who was upwards of seventy years of age. On Mr. Mayes coming up and expostulating with him, March immediately knocked him down and battered his head in a fearful manner.

22. A terrible explosion of fire-damp occurred at Messrs. Dixon's colliery, at High Blantyre, near Glasgow; and of the 233 miners who were in the pit at the time, only twenty were rescued alive, and several of these died. Most of them were brought up out of the pit soon after the explosion. A man named Brannigan, the sole survivor of those rescued from the pit alive, died on the 30th. It was calculated that as a consequence of the explosion, 100 widows, and between

250 and 300 children were deprived of the means of subsistence. One body was found, brought to the surface, and identified, so late as August, 1878. With exception of the Oaks explosion, involving the loss of 340 lives (see Dec. 12, 1866), this Blantyre calamity was up to this time among the most serious in the history of mining, and remained so until the Abercairney disaster, Sept. 10, 1878, when 265 lives were sacrificed.

22.-Two youths named Dinham and Hyslop, sentenced to seven years penal servitude for highway robbery on Blackheath in May last. They were arrested at Portsmouth in July, and in the possession of Dinham there was found a revolver, and a book, "Claude Duval, or the Dashing Highwayman."

23.-Commenced at the Central Criminal Court, before Baron Pollock, the trial of the four detective police-inspectors Meiklejohn, Druscovitch, Palmer and Clarke, and of E. Froggatt, solicitor. The Attorney-General in his opening statement said that the charge against the defendants, broadly speaking, was that a gang of swindlers had carried on a betting fraud, and that the defendants had conspired with them to prevent their being brought to justice. One of the gang in question was William Kurr, a man of great ability and energy, whose early career in the paths of honesty proving irksome, determined to live upon his wits, which enabled him to obtain a good deal of money. In a betting agency established by him, he pocketed the money entrusted to him. In this fraud Meiklejohn rendered great assistance, and for his services received moneys amounting to 100%. Meiklejohn furnished information, and when warrants were issued against them he prevented them being arrested. About this time Kurr became acquainted with Benson, a well-educated man of very respectable family, and of great ingenuity. In 1872 Benson perpetrated a fraud upon the Lord Mayor, for which he was convicted and imprisoned. (See

p. 1061). Several other instances were mentioned in which the detectives had connived at the escape of the prisoners Kurr and Benson, and received money from them for so doing. In connection with the "Great Turf Swindle when the swindlers went to Scotland in order to change the proceeds of the fraud into Scotch notes, of which it was not the custom to take the numbers, Druscovitch had received the numbers of the notes which had been paid to the conspirators, and he neglected to stop them. Meetings followed between Meiklejohn, Druscovitch, and Kurr, the object of the latter being to inform Benson what notes had been stopped, so that he might not attempt to change those notes until the last moment before he was ready to leave. Then 2007. more was paid to Druscovitch, at least it was left at Meiklejohn's, but as it was in gold it had been impossible to trace it. On Oct. 3, Clarke and Druscovitch learned that some of

the stopped notes had come in from the Clydesdale Bank, Glasgow, and they contented themselves with writing a letter to the Glasgow police, which of course was not received until after the conspirators had changed all the notes and left Scotland. Benson left on the 4th with sixty tool. Clydesdale notes, and other notes amounting altogether to 14,500l., and gave Kurr 300/. on his return to London. Next the two leading swindlers met Meiklejohn, when the latter made a demand for 2,000l., which was ultimately reduced to 5ool., and that sum in Clydesdale notes was handed to him in a Midland train at Kentish Town station. The charge against Mr. Froggatt was endeavouring to destroy the evidence against Kurr and Benson. (See Nov. 20.)

24.-General Gourko captures a strong Turkish position near Gorny Dubnik on the road between Plevna and Orkanie, and four days later Teliche the next military station. The loss of these positions to the Turks resulted in the complete investment of Plevna.

25.-Inquest respecting the death of the Comte de Lally-Tollendal, aged_sixty-five, who was found dead in a coal-cellar at 65, Dean-Street, Soho. Medical evidence showed that death had resulted from disease of the heart and semi-starvation. The jury returned a verdict accordingly. It was stated that the deceased was a descendant of the Lallys, Barons of Tullenadally or Tolendale, near the city of Tuam, and who, after the Revolution, emigrated to France, where they won fame and promotion in the well-known Irish Brigade. The great-grandfather of the deceased Count was appointed Governor of Pondicherry, where he suffered some severe military reverses at the hands of the English, and was compelled to surrender the capital of the French settlements in India.

26.-Concluded at the Central Criminal Court the trial of Dr. Baxter Langley and William Swindlehurst, directors of the Artizans-Dwellings' Co., accused of conspiring with Edward Saffery to defraud that company. The fraud consisted in Saffery purchasing estates in collusion with the accused directors for 10,000. selling them to the Company for 12,000/., and sharing the difference with his confederates. The jury considered the conspiracy proved, and the defendants, who had in all made 23,000l., were sentenced-Baxter Langley and Swindlehurst to eighteen months, and Saffery to twelve months imprisonment all with hard labour. .

27.-Animated discussion in the Lower House of the Prussian Diet on the question of ministerial responsibility. Herr Windthorst, late Hanoverian Minister, accused Prince Bismarck of stopping administrative reform, and taunted his colleagues with being mere servants of the sovereign premier. The debate ended with a vote in favour of the Government of 217 to 132.

28.-Died, aged 53, at Nice, Miss Julia Kavanagh, well-known littérateur and novelist.

29.-Concluded, the inquest concerning the death of Superintendent Poole, Mr. Letherland, and Police-constable Barratt, killed on the 18th inst. by a collision between a Midland goods-train and a North-Western ballast-train, near Northampton. The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter against both Gardiner and Gibson, the signalman and inspector whose neglect of duty had caused the accident.

November 1.-Died, aged 93, FieldMarshal Von Wrangel, one of the oldest soldiers in Europe, having entered the Prussian army in 1796, and being present at the battle of Leipsic.

4. The Deve-Boyun position before Erzeroum stormed by the Russians. After nine hours fighting the Turks fled in complete disorder, abandoning their camp and provisions and losing 42 guns.

6. Mr. Archibald Forbes, special war correspondent of the Daily News, receives, through the Russian Ambassador in London, the insignia of a Knight of the Order of St. Stanislas, conferred upon him by the Emperor of Russia for his courage and intrepidity at the battle of Plevna on the 30th of July.

Addressing the Liberals of Edinburgh, Lord Hartington said, concerning Disestablishment, "If ever Scotch opinion, or even Scotch Liberal opinion, is fully formed upon this subject, I think that I may venture to say on behalf of the party as a whole that it will be prepared to deal with this question on its merits and without reference to any other consideration. No doubt, gentlemen, the fate of one Establishment cannot but exercise some influence upon the fate of another. In the case of the Irish Church our opponents always contended that the fate of the Church of England was inseparably connected with that of the Church of Ireland. We endeavoured to disassociate the two as far as it was possible, and we endeavoured so, in my opinion, wisely. But, gentlemen, I say that as far as I am concerned I will be no party to stimulate agitation in this country upon that subject; nor, on the other hand, will I be a party to any attempt to repress discussion because of the influence which such discussion may have upon the future of the Church."

7.-The French Chambers opened. The elections for councils-general, on the 4th, had resulted in a gain of about 110 seats to the Republicans. The Duc de Broglie was defeated in the Eure. M. Jules Grévy elected Provisional President.

that type of social and economic reform had not yet come.

7.-Mr. Gladstone presented with the freedom of the city of Dublin.

Mr. Bright and Mr. Chamberlain address a meeting at Rochdale on the subject of Liberal organization.

8.-The Danish Rigsdag, after a debate of eleven hours, agrees to a provisional sanction of the budget, in order that the taxes may be collected. The conflict between the Crown and the Folkething had resulted in a financial dead-lock necessitating this course.

9.-The Chinese Envoy, who came here to express the Emperor's regret for the murder of Mr. Margary (see p. 1167), accredited in permanence to the Court of St. James's.

12. In the French Chamber of Deputies, M. Albert Grévy proposes a vote of nonconfidence in the De Broglie ministry, whose resignations the Marshal had not accepted. After a debate lasting three days, a Committee of Inquiry was appointed to investigate those acts of the Government which might be supposed to have exercised an illegal pressure on the elections.

13.-Eight persons seriously injured in a collision, at Radcliffe Bridge, between the Scotch mail-train and a cattle-train.

14.-Defeat of the Jowakis, a Punjaub frontier tribe, who had made raids on British territory in October last.

15. Mr. Gladstone elected Lord Rector of Glasgow University, by 1,153 votes against 609 for Sir Stafford Northcote.

Rev. Samuel Smith, Rector of Landulph, bound over to keep the peace for twelve months for threatening to shoot one of his parishioners.

16.-Died, aged 49, M. Lanfrey, French historian, leaving his "Life of Napoleon I." unfinished.

17.-Gale, pedestrian, completes the task of walking 4,000 quarter miles in 4,000 consecutive periods of ten minutes.

Mr. Charles Darwin made a Doctor of Laws by the University of Cambridge.

18.-Kars taken by assault. The conflict began at 8 A. M. on the 16th, under direction of General Loris Melikoff, and the position was carried at 8 P.M. on the 18th. The Turks lost 5,000 in killed and wounded. City, fortress, 300 cannon, 10,000 prisoners, and spoils of various kinds fell to the Russians.

19. The Queen's Bench Division decide that Lord Penzance's court at Lambeth had no jurisdiction in the case of Mr. Tooth, from the fact that it was held in a place outside the diocese of Rochester.

Mr.

Trial of the Inspector Detectives brought to a conclusion, having last twenty days. Montagu Williams, in a speech to the jury, intended to discredit the evidence against Meiklejohn, described Kurr and Benson as excellent in vice and exquisite in fraud. "The one the hero of the ring, betting against any of the runners with other people's money, at night in the bar parlour wallowing in bad champagne. The other, the composer of French chansonettes, with the three men servants, the brougham, the Victoria, shady sea-side, sheltered Shanklin-did they know the spot? There was no such spot in the world for a nobleman in disguise; Rose-bank -there was an essence of romance about the very name-the Comte de Montague, Marquis de Montgomery, Prince Murat. What fools the public were! Look at these men in the witness-box: the cunning of the cat teeming from the eyes of the one; the oily, soft, serpent-like treachery of deceit trickling from the mouth of the other." Baron Pollock, in summing up, recommended the jury to consider the case of each prisoner separately. They found Clarke not guilty, the other prisoners guilty, recommending Druscovitch and Palmer to mercy. His Lordship then sentenced the whole four to two years' imprisonment with hard labour. Clarke was released on his own recognisances in 100l. to appear if called upon on a future occasion.

23.-The Fisheries Commissioners at Halifax award Canada and Newfoundland 5,500,000 dollars, the United States Commissioners protesting.

Capture of Pravca, and the next day Etropol, by the Russians, and consequent retreat of Mehemet Ali from Orkanie to Kamarli.

24. Statue of King Robert the Bruce unveiled on the esplanade at Stirling Castle.

25.-Her Majesty presents twenty acres of land to the Heywood Local Board for the purposes of a public park.

28.-The Pacific Royal Mail Company's steamer Atacama lost at Caldera on the south-east coast of America. Of 130 on board only 26 were saved.

Lord Derby receives a deputation which urges the Government to depart from a policy of "inaction," and states that the Government has no intention to depart from opinions expressed at the beginning of the war.

29. In a despatch relating to the reorganization of the western and north-western frontier of India, Lord Salisbury states to the Governor-General his objections to the proposal of the Indian Government, that the Trans-Indus districts should be constituted a distinct and separate administration, and says he is disposed to think that both the objects in view-the relief of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjaub and the more effective control by the Supreme Government of frontier policy-may be adequately secured by a less extensive change. In lieu, therefore, of the proposals of the Indian Government, he is prepared to sanction the adoption of the following measures :-The Trans-Indus districts of the Punjaub and Scinde to be divided into two divisions, taking the dividing line at the point where the Belooch gives place to the Pathan. A Commissioner to be appointed over each division by the Viceroy, but in respect of all internal affairs to take his orders from the Punjaub Government. The Northern Commissioner to be styled Governor-General's Agent and Frontier Commissioner, to receive the salary of a Chief Commissioner, and upon all external matters-i.e. matters concerning those who are not subjects of her Majestyto correspond with the Viceroy direct, and be the superior of the Southern Commissioner, who, upon those matters, will correspond with him alone. The frontier forces, for the present at least, to be under the orders of the Governor-General's agent, not under the orders of the Commander-in-Chief.

December 2.-A large meeting of Paris merchants and manufacturers resolve to send a deputation to Marshal MacMahon to ask him to put an end to the crisis.

3.-Mount Stuart House, the Marquis of Bute's mansion at Rothesay, destroyed by fire. Only the bare walls of the main building were left, but a large amount of valuable property was saved.

President Hayes delivers his first annual message to Congress, declaring himself in favour of the resumption of specie payments, and civil service reform.

6.-Formal announcement made at a Cabinet Council at Madrid, of the King's engagement to his cousin, the Princess Mercedes.