was issued the day before his marriage with Lady Frances Elliot.

19.--The King of Prussia's scheme for protecting the privileges of Christians in Turkey by establishing a bishop in Jerusalem, is now so far advanced that Chevalier Bunsen, then actively engaged in the project in England, is able to record in his diary: "This is a great day. I am just returned from Lord Palmerston; the principle is admitted, and orders to be transmitted accordingly to Lord Ponsonby at Constantinople, to demand the acknowledg ment required. The successor of St. James will embark in October; he is by race an Israelite-born a Prussian in Breslau-in confession belonging to the Church of Englandripened (by hard work) in Ireland-twenty years Professor of Hebrew and Arabic in England (in what is now King's College). So the beginning is made, please God, for the restoration of Israel. When I read with the warm-hearted, clear-headed Lord Ashley the translation of the Minute of which I send you a transcript, he exclaimed, 'Since the days of David, no king has ever spoken such words! It was his fortunate idea that directed the choice of the future Bishop.' The appointment of the "successor of St. James" was afterwards celebrated by a dinner at the "Star and Garter," Richmond. (See Nov. 7.)

20.-Riot at Rome, originating at the triple execution of the Riteozzi family for murder and robbery. Twelve people were said to have been killed, and as many as 250 wounded.

The Court of East Indian proprietors reject a motion for inquiring into the circumstances connected with the deposition of the Kajah of Sattara.

24. Prince Albert lays the foundation. stone of the Infant Orphan Asylum at Wanstead, Epping Forest.

Results of the general election. The contests being now almost over, it is found that the Tory gain is even greater than the chiefs of that party anticipated. The most authentic lists gave 368 Tories to 292 Liberals, the two extra candidates being accounted for by double returns from Cardigan and Thetford. To the last Parliament 159 new members were returned; to the present, 181. The Liberals replaced by Tories were set down at 78, and the Tories replaced by Liberals at 38, showing a gain of 80 on a division. The greatest Tory triumphs were in the English counties, the most important probably being West Yorkshire, where the two Tories, the Hon. J. S. Wortley and E. B. Denison, supplanted two Liberals and defeated two other prominent Liberals-Lord Milton and Lord Morpeth; and North Northumberland, where Mr. B. Cresswell defeated Lord Howick. Westminster, Colonel De Lacy Evans was defeated by Captain Rous. One prominent Liberal victory was at Bath, where Viscount Duncan and Mr. Roebuck supplanted two

At

Tories. Mr. Cobden secured a seat at Stockport. Among the 16 exchanges were-Mr. Disraeli from Maidstone to Shrewsbury, Lord John Russell from Stroud to London, Sir James Graham from Pembroke to Dorchester, Mr. D. O'Connell (elected also for Meath) from Dublin to Cork County, and Mr. R. L.. The Shiel from Tipperary to Dungarvan. election petitions were 39 in number. the case of 5-Belfast, Ipswich, Nottingham, Southampton, and Sudbury-the elections were declared void; 8 were declared not duly elected, and their seats transferred to other candidates; 4 were found to have been duly elected; and in the case of 22 the petitions were not proceeded with.

In

26.-O'Connell issues a declaration that the object of the Peel-Stanley party was to deprive the people of Ireland of all constitutional channels of exertion, and force them if possible into insurrection.

Her Majesty and Prince Albert leave Windsor to visit the Duke of Bedford, at Woburn, and Lord Melbourne, at Brocket Hall.

28.-Fire at Smyrna, destroying between 9,000 and 10,000 houses and many mosques and synagogues.

"in

August 4.-Messrs. William and Robert Chambers entertained at Peebles, and presented with the freedom of their native town, testimony and approbation of their eminent services in literature, education, and popular improvement."

6.-Nine workmen killed, and four injured, by an explosion in Thornley Pit, near Sunderland. About a dozen others were got out unharmed.

7.-Madame Laffarge, presently undergoing imprisonment for the murder of her husband, is, after a long trial, pronounced guilty of stealing certain diamonds, the property of Madame Leotaud. The prisoner's defence was, that the diamonds had been given her for the purpose of raising money to purchase the silence of a certain M. Clavet, with whom Madame Leotaud had a friendship before her marriage.

9.-Burning of the steamship Erie, trading between Buffalo and Chicago, and loss of 170 lives.

Sir Henry Pottinger and Admiral Parker arrive at Macao to supersede Captain Elliot and Sir J. Bremner.

11. The Commission of the General As sembly, on the motion of Mr. Candlish, agree by a large majority to institute proceedings against certain ministers and elders who had assisted at the communion in the parishes of the suspended ministers, Strathbogie. A protest was made by Dr. Cook and others, expressive of their intention to appeal without delay to a competent tribunal for a decision as to which

of the contending parties in the struggle was to be considered the Established Church of the country.

12. After an interval of twenty years a Court of Conservancy of the river Thames and waters of the Medway is sworn at the Guildhall, and afterwards inspects various obstructions abutting the river between London Bridge and Temple Bar.

14. Accident to the royal hunting party near Virginia Water, caused by the dogs startling the horses in one of the carriages drawn up there to see the hunt. One of the postillions was much injured, and several narrow escapes were made from being thrown into the

water.

Wheat quoted at 86s. per quarter.

15.-Inauguration of the Napoleon column at Boulogne. "On this spot," so it was recorded, "16th of August, 1804, Napoleon in presence of the Grand Army distributed the decoration of the Legion of Honour to the soldiers and citizens who had deserved well of their country, the four corps commanded by Marshal Soult, and the flotilla under the command of Admiral Bruer. Wishing to perpetuate the remembrance of this day, Louis Philippe I., King of the French, finished this column, consecrated by the Grand Army of Napoleon."

16. In the case of the will of James Wood, late mercer and banker of the city of Gloucester, Lord Lyndhurst delivers the judgment of the Privy Council, pronouncing in favour of the validity of the codicil.

- Tried at the Croydon Assizes, the great libel case of Bogle against Lawson, publisher of the Times newspaper. It arose out of a communication to the Times of 26th May, respecting an "Extraordinary and extensive forgery and swindling conspiracy on the Confinent, to which it was insinuated that Mr. Allan Bogle, of the firm of Bogle, Kerrick, and Co., bankers at Florence, was a party. The conspiracy was an attempt to defraud Messrs. Glyn, and various bankers on the Continent, by presenting forged letters of credit. The other parties said to be implicated were the Marquis de Bourbell and Louis d'Argeson, who attended to the engraving of the plates in London; Cunningham Graham of Gartmore (a stepfather of the plaintiff, Bogle), who designed the fac-similes, and his son, Alexander Graham. The two Grahams resided at Florence. The conspirators succeeded in possessing themselves of one of Messrs. Glyn's genuine letters of credit, and produced from it an imitation so perfect that one of the partners in the house for a time was unable to distinguish between the two. With this instrument, multiplied by numerous copies, they started their scheme of depredation in Brussels, Cologne, Ghent, Turin, Bologna, and even Florence itself, with astonishing rapidity, and had they not been wholly debicient in caution might have escaped detec

tion for a much longer period than they did. It was proved that within a few days they succeeded in obtaining upon these forged letters of credit no less than 10,000l. Owing to a rule of evidence excluding from consideration certain private letters between the parties, the jury were not able legally to identify the plaintiff with the conspiracy, and they therefore returned a verdict in his favour, with a farthing damages. Lord Chief Justice Tindal refused to allow him costs of suit. Though the verdict was thus technically against the Times, the mercantile community were sensible of the value of the exposure that a sum of 2,700/. was subscribed for the purpose of defraying the great expense to which it had been subjected in getting up evidence in the case. This offer the proprietors declined, but the money was afterwards invested, in conformity with their desire, in founding "Times Scholarships at Oxford and Cambridge for boys in Christ's Hospital and City of London School. Memorial tablets were also put up in those schools, in the Royal Exchange, and over the door of the Times office.

SO

17.-Conference of Clergy at Manchester on the subject of the Corn Laws. An address was made by Mr. Cobden, and resolutions carried unanimously approving of the abolition. About 700 clergymen were present.

19. The new Parliament assembles, and unanimously elects the Right Hon. Charles Shaw Lefevre to be their Speaker.

merce.

24.-Parliament opened by Commission. Referring to the necessity of increasing the public revenue, the Royal Speech contained the following paragraph :—“It will be for you to consider whether some of the duties are not so trifling in amount as to be unproductive to the revenue, while they are vexatious to com. You may further examine whether the principle of protection upon which others of these duties are founded be not carried to an extent injurious alike to the income of the State and the interests of the people. Her Majesty is desirous that you should consider the laws which regulate the trade in corn. It will be for you to determine whether these laws do not aggravate the natural fluctuation of supply, whether they do not embarrass trade, derange the currency, and by their operation diminish the comfort and increase the priva tion of the great body of the community." In the debate on the Address in the House of Lords, the Earl of Ripon's amendment was carried against the Ministry by a majority of 72.

ronet.

I. L. Goldsmid, Esq., gazetted a ba

Died at his house near Fulham Bridge, Theodore Edward Hook, aged 53, journalist and novelist.

26.-Lord Chancellor Cottenham issues new rules, orders, and regulations for the business of the Court of Chancery.

The city of Amoy assaulted and taken

possession of by the British forces; the fleet under the command of Admiral Parker, and the land forces under Sir H. Gough.

28.-Fall of the Melbourne Ministry. The debate on the Address, protracted over three nights, was concluded at 3 o'clock this morning, when Ministers found themselves in a minority of 91 in a House of 629. Lord John Russell moved a Committee of the Opposition to draw up an answer to the Address. In his closing speech as Minister, he said: "I am convinced that if this country is governed by enlarged and liberal counsels its power and might will spread and increase, and its influence will become greater and greater; Liberal principles will prevail, and civilization will be spread to all parts of the globe, and you will bless millions by your acts and mankind by your union."

29. Envoy Macnaghten writes from Cabul: "The Douranee chiefs who have been in rebellion must be effectually humbled, and we must put it out of their power to attempt any further mischief. The Barukyze Sirdars took the only effectual method of keeping these gentry quiet. We must never dream of conciliation; terror is the only instrument which they respect.' A few days later :"Everything has a favourable aspect for us and Tezeen and Dehrawut having been subdued, a more solid foundation will have been laid for the tranquillity of this country than was ever dreamt of.... Whether or not we shall have another brigade in lieu of the returning troops will depend upon circumstances. My own opinion is, that we could easily do without them, unless operations beyond our present boundary are contemplated."

30.-Ministers intimate their resignation of office, in consequence of the vote on the Address.

31.-Sir Robert Peel sent for by the Queen, and undertakes to construct a Ministry.

September 1.-The Gresham Committee accept a tender for building the New Royal Exchange. Amount, Portland stone, 115,900/.; magnesian limestone, 124,700l.

3.-The Gazette publishes a minute of the Council held at Claremont this day, when the new Ministers were sworn into office. First Lord of the Treasury, Sir Robert Peel; Lord Chancellor, Lord Lyndhurst; President of the Council, Lord Wharncliffe; Home Secretary, Sir James Graham; Foreign Secretary, Lord Aberdeen. Leader in the House of Lords, without office, Duke of Wellington.

7. The Gazette announces several changes in the Household offices; the most important being the appointment of the Duchess of Buccleuch to be Mistress of the Robes, in room of the Duchess of Sutherland.

8. New writs moved for the seats rendered vacant by the acceptance of office in the new Peel Ministry. The elections were, in most cases, unopposed, though Mr. Acland, an Anti-Corn Law candidate, was formally nominated at Tamworth and North Lancashire. The House resumed its sittings on the 16th. 9.-Twenty-five houses destroyed by fire at Fordington, near Dorchester.

Vauxhall Gardens sold by auction for

20,000/. A party of British volunteers cross the frontier from Canada to the United States, and carry off Colonel Grogan.

11.-Strike of the masons at the new Houses of Parliament, owing to a dispute with the foreman regarding their "Union."

13.-Attempt to assassinate the Duke of Orleans, while passing through Paris with three of his brothers at the head of the 17th Light Infantry. The shot did not take effect on the Duke, but one of the officers was wounded, and his horse shot under him.

14. Mr. Gladstone, seeking re-election at Newark, states on the hustings: "There are two points on which the British farmer may rely; the first of which is, that adequate protection will be given to him, and the second is, that protection will be given him through the means of the sliding scale."

of

16.-Riot at Monkwearmouth, on the occasion of "chairing" Lord Howick at the close of the poll with Attwood. A shower stones was thrown from the Reform Tavern by Chartists, and the landlord, Liddell, fired a gun among the crowd. No one was seriously hurt, but the party in the street, exasperated by these proceedings, commenced an attack on the tavern, which they completely sacked, and to some extent destroyed. After some difficulty Liddell was apprehended, and the gun secured by Sir Hedworth Williamson.

17. Sir Robert Peel's motion for a Committee of Supply leads to a lengthened debate on the general policy of the past as compared with the present Government. Mr. Fielden's amendment, that it was the duty of the House to inquire into the existing distress before voting supplies, was rejected by 149 to 41 votes.

19.-Death of Lord Sydenham (Poulett Thomson), Governor of Canada, from lock-jaw, the effects of a fall from his horse.

20. Discussion in the House of Commons concerning the issue of a writ for Ripon, Sir E. Sugden still continuing to occupy his seat although he had been appointed Lord Chancellor for Ireland. Sir R. Peel defended his Chancellor, as the appointment, though offered, was not yet completed.

21.-Robert Blakesley murders Bourden, landlord of the King's Head, Eastcheap, by stabbing him in the belly, and makes a murderous attack with a knife on two women,-one of them the wife of the murdered man, and the other her sister, wife of the murderer.

-The lighthouse on Sunderland pier, weighing 300 tons, and 75 feet high from the base, removed by screw power 140 feet from its original position. This day it was moved 11 feet in 15 minutes.

- London and Brighton Railway opened.

23. The freedom of the City of London presented to Admiral Sir R. Stopford and Commodore Napier.

25.-President Tyler issues a proclamation warning the lawless marauders, or "Hunters' Lodges," on the frontier line of Canada, of the danger they run in the attempt to involve the two countries in hostilities. If any of the parties concerned in such proceedings fell into the hands of the British authorities, they would not be reclaimed as American citizens, nor would any interference be made in their behalf.

28.-The New Poor Law Commission Bill passes into Committee; two instructions regarding the separation of husband and wife, and the formation of new unions, having been negatived by large majorities.

29.-The Niger Colonization Expedition broken up through disease and disaster.

A party of about one hundred workmen left England this month to found a colony in Brazil on the system of Fourier.

October 1.-Chusan captured by the British force under Sir H. Pottinger. The loss of life was trifling, the steamboats moving into the inner harbour without opposition. "Arrange

ments," wrote Sir Henry, next day, "will be made immediately for establishing a provisional government; and her Majesty's Plenipotentiary deems it advisable, after what has already happened, to intimate to her Majesty's subjects and all others, that under no circumstances will Tinghae and its dependencies be restored to the Chinese Government until the whole of the demands of England are not only complied with, but carried into full effect." At Ningpo, on the 10th, the Chusan soldiers refused to face the British troops, and the city was in consequence quietly taken possession of by Sir Hugh Gough.

2. An insurrection in favour of the exQueen Regent Christina, commenced at Pampeluna by General O'Donnell. On the 7th, a desperate attempt was made at Madrid, by conspirators in the interest of the Queen-mother, to storm the palace and get possession of the person of the young Queen. Through the loyalty and courage of the guard the enterprise was defeated, though not before the conspirators had twice forced an entry into the royal apartments. Don Diego Leon, one of

the leaders, was soon afterwards apprehended and shot.

7.-Parliament, described by the Whigs as "the Do-nothing," prorogued by Commission. 12.-Accident at the Victoria Theatre from the gallery stairs giving way under the pressure of a crowd.

Major-Gen. Sir Robert Sale despatched by General Elphinstone from Cabul with the 13th Light Infantry and the 35th Native Infantry, to force the Khoord Pass, the Ghilzie chiefs having gathered at Tezeen, with the view of cutting off communication with British India. They entered the pass this day, and continued fighting their way to Gundamuck, which was reached on the 30th. They entered the ruined fortress of Jellalabad on the 12th November, and commenced to repair the walls. The state of the country would not permit any attempt to reach Cabul with supplies.

Concluded at Utica the trial of Alexander McLeod, charged with being concerned in the destruction of the Caroline in 1837, and the The death of Dupree, an American citizen. apprehension of McLeod on American territory had given rise to much correspondence between the two countries, and it was at one time feared it might lead to a serious embroilment. All apprehension, however, was set at rest by the jury returning a verdict of acquittal on all the counts.

13.-Boiler explosion at the machine works of Messrs. Elce and Co., Ancoats, Manchester, causing the death of six workmen, the injury of many others, and the destruction of a large amount of property.

14. At the meeting of the Norwich Branch of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, a band of Chartists interrupt the proceedings, and the chairman, Lord Wodehouse, to leave the room.

cause

18. High tide in the Thames, attended with much destruction of property. At high water the depth at the entrance of St. Katherine's Dock was thirty-one feet. All the approaches to the Thames police-office were cut off, and wherries employed to convey suitors to and from the court. The whole of the lower part of Westminster was inundated. If Parliament had been sitting, members could only have reached the House in boats; Palaceyard and the adjacent streets being under water. The floor of Westminster Hall, the Temple gardens, and the Duke of Buccleuch's gardens, were all overflowed. A vitriol and naphtha manufactory in Battersea Fields suffered to the extent of 2,000l.

21.-Destruction by fire of Derby Townhall, erected in 1828, at a cost of 12,000/. The fire was observed about two in the morning by a policeman on duty, and it continued raging till six, in spite of great efforts. The town records were destroyed, and various documents belonging to the revising barrister.

21.-Anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar. Launch of the Trafalgar man-of-war, at Woolwich, in the presence of the Queen, and an immense gathering of people. At the request of her Majesty, the vessel was christened by Lady Bridport, a niece of Lord Nelson, and the wine used was a portion of that taken from the Victory after the battle of Trafalgar. There were about 500 people on board at the time of the launch, 100 of whom had taken part in the action after which the vessel was named.

22.-Reward offered by fire-offices for the discovery of incendiaries in Warwickshire. Numerous fires about this time in Bedfordshire, Nottingham, and Yorkshire.

23.-Distress in the manufacturing districts. At a meeting held in Leeds to consider the condition of the poor, it was reported that in 4,752 families in that town, containing 19,936 individuals, 16,156 were unemployed. average weekly income of each was 114d., or something less than 1 d. per day.

The

Lord Ellenborough having accepted the office of Governor-General of India, is succeeded at the Board of Control by Lord Fitzgerald.

25. The surviving members of the Niger Colonizing Expedition, now nearly extirpated by fever, rescued by Captain Beecroft of the Ethiope. Captain Trotter arrived at Liverpool in the Albert on the 25th January.

" he

26.-Sir William Macnaghten writes from Cabul to the Secretary of the Indian Government, explaining the facts connected with the rising of certain Ghilzie chiefs, who, on account of the reduction of their allowances, had taken possession of some of the passes leading to the city. "There is no enemy to oppose us, writes, "on the open plain; and should we hereafter be forced into hostilities, a desultory mountain warfare will doubtless be that with which we shall have to contend." He therefore recommended the organization of three infantry corps of mountaineers to take the place of an equal number of regulars.

The London journals draw attention to serious frauds in Exchequer bills, afterwards found out to be accomplished through the connivance of Mr. Beaumont Smith, of the Comptroller's office.

27. The American brig Creole sails from Hampton Roads for New Orleans, laden with slaves and tobacco. On the 7th November a mutiny took place on board, in the course of which the owner was killed, and the captain and officers placed in confinement. The vessel was then directed for Nassau, New Providence, where, against the protest of the American Consul, the English governor permitted all to go at liberty except those thought to be prominently concerned in the murder and mutiny. 28.-A miser, named Smith, died in his

house, Seven Dials, London, in the possession of funded, leasehold, and freehold property valued at 400,000/.

66

28.-Treaty concluded between Great Britain and the Shah of Persia. It provides for the admission of each other's goods and manufactures of every description, upon the payment in one sum, once for all," of the Customs' duties exacted from the most favoured European nations; and the mutual cession to the subjects of either country of the privileges of the most favoured nation. Two British commercial agents are to reside in Persia, in the capital and at Tabriz, besides one at Bushire; and commercial agents of Persia are to reside at London and Bombay.

29.-Lord Palmerston writes to Mr. Byng regarding the pronunciation of the name of his horse "Iliona," about which bets had been taken up at Newmarket. "There can be no doubt that in point of prosody the o in Iliona, or Ilione, is short. Virgil settled the question in his first Æneid, when he says:

Præterea sceptrum, Ilione, quod gesserat olim
Maxima natarum Priami.""

A mob of fanatical Orangemen attack the Dublin and Cork mail-coach, and severely maltreat an aged gentleman, whom they took for the Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork.

30. The Duke of Wellington declines to receive a deputation relative to the distressed operatives of Paisley. "A meeting," he writes, "to discuss their distresses is not necessary in order to draw his attention to them, and his other occupations render it necessary that he should decline to receive the deputation. begs the deputation to observe, that he is not in the Queen's political service, that he does not fill any political office, and exercises no power or authority."

He

31.--Fire at the Tower of London. About half-past 10 P. M. the sentry of the Scots Fusilier Guards, on the ramparts next to Tower-hill, observed a large body of smoke ascending as if from the centre of that part of the buildings known as the Grand Storehouse and Small Armory. He sounded an alarm by discharging his musket, and the garrison immediately turned out. Unfortunately, no water could be got, and from the dryness of the place, and the quantity of timber in the building, the total destruction of the armory became inevitable. In less than a quarter of an hour after the discovery an immense body of fire was raging with uncontrolled fury. Engines soon arrived from the different metropolitan stations, but though fully manned by the Foot Guards and relays, all carefully provided, were utterly useless from want of water. Two hours elapsed before a supply could be procured; the flames in the meantime extending in the direction of the Jewel Tower on the one side, and chapel and White Tower on the other. The regalia were fortunately