Duke of Somerset's Wimbledon fête, was a base and infamous falsehood.

29.-In committee on the Birmingham Police Bill, Lord John Russell consented to abandon his own clauses authorizing the Town Council to take special steps for preserving the peace of the town, in favour of others suggested by Sir Robert Peel, making special commissioners appointed by the Home Office responsible for the peace of the locality. The plea put forward for thus superseding the local authority was the acknowledged democratic character of the Town Council, and the doubt whether it had the power to levy a rate for such an increase in the police force as would be required.

The new Postage Duties Bill passed the House of Commons.

30.-Trial of Bolam at the Northumberland Assizes for the murder of Joseph Millie, at Newcastle (Dec. 7, 1838). The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter, and Baron Maule sentenced him to transportation for life.

31.-Lord John Russell writes to the magistrates of Manchester, warning them to be watchful of the movements of evil-disposed people, who were seeking to obtain money from householders and shopkeepers, by threatening them with personal danger and loss of business, or marking down their names and reporting them as enemics.

August 2.-Vincent, Edwards, Townsend, and Dickenson, Chartist agitators, tried at Monmouth for sedition, and sentenced to terms of imprisonment varying from six to twelve months.

- At a meeting of the Exeter Town Council, the City Treasurer declared that he had neither money nor credit, and that the city did not possess sufficient funds to pay 37. for a supply of potatoes to the gaol.

In the House of Lords, Lord Brougham carries his motion for an address to the Crown on the subject of the Portuguese slave-trade.

3. Five of the Birmingham rioters tried at Warwick; Howell, Roberts, and Jones sentenced to death, but afterwards reprieved.

was sentenced to fourteen years' transportation for embezzling 300 sovereigns and various bills of exchange.

5.-The purchasers of land in the first township of New Zealand meet in the rooms of the Company to determine by lot who shall have precedence of selection. One-tenth of all the surveyed lands was said to be set aside for the aborigines.

6.-Lord Brougham's series of five resolutions, involving censure on the Government for their recent Irish policy, carried in the House of Lords by 86 to 52 votes. Lord Melbourne described the ex-Chancellor's speech as violent, intemperate, and criminating.

The Chartist National Convention removes from Bolt-court, Fleet-street, to the Arundel Coffee-house, where they issue a declaration concerning the postponement of the "sacred month." Though the people are not generally prepared to carry out the month in its entirety, the delegates are convinced that "most of the trades may be induced to cease working on the 12th for two or three days, in order to devote the whole of that time to solemn processions and meetings for deliberating on the present awful state of the country.'

7.-Cabul captured, and entered by Shah Soojah, accompanied by the British Envoy, the commanding officer of the army, and a squadron of British cavalry. After traversing the streets and reaching the palace in the Bala Hissar, a royal salute was fired, and congratulations offered to his Majesty on regaining the throne of his ancestors. Envoy Macnaghten describes the breaking-up of the army and flight of Dost Mahomed Khan. "He was not accompanied by any person of consequence, and his followers are said to have been reduced below the number of 100 on the day of his departure."

8.-The Postage Duties Bill passes the House of Lords. It received the Royal assent on the 17th.

In a debate on Mr. Duncombe's series of resolutions censuring Ministers, Mr. Disraeli said: "They had been for seven years attacking the Church. They had revolutionized the parochial jurisdiction of the country- the most ancient jurisdiction, and one bearing a much finer relation to the feelings and wants of the people than any other part of the constitution. The Government had further attacked trial by jury; they destroyed Corporations, and had not spared the ancient Police of the country. (Laughter.) They had impaired

all local administration, and had confiscated the property of the people. Why should not such things occasion discontent? Why should not a people be exasperated, whose physical comforts, moral resources, and self-respect were assailed in so reckless a manner?" Mr. Duncombe's resolutions were rejected by 51 votes to 29.

At

11. This (Sunday) afternoon, a body of about 500 Chartists met in West Smithfield, and walked in procession to St. Paul's Cathedral, which they occupied for some time. Manchester, in conformity with O'Connor's advice, they also took possession of the Cathedral, but left abruptly on the preacher announcing as his text, "My house is the house of prayer, but ye have made it a den of thieves."

12. At Manchester, Bolton, Macclesfield, and various other centres of industry, the Chartists seek to raise disturbances by compelling working men to cease from their labour during the "sacred month." No excitement

throughout the country generally.

At Chester, Mr. Baron Gurney thus lays down the law of conspiracy as bearing on the prisoners now awaiting trial:-"In a conspiracy it is not necessary, nor is it even possible, that all the parties should do one and the same thing. A conspiracy is carried into execution by different persons in different places, doing different things, all conducing to the accomplishment of the design in which they are engaged. Some would call meetings; others would preside; others speak, instruct, and inflame. Others would go about privately to stir up; others distribute publications explanatory of the objects to be obtained, and the means to procure them. Others would manufacture arms, and others obtain their disposal. For the purpose of making a conspiracy it is not necessary that they should all have known of it; but if by means of these speeches and publications they are induced to act, though at a distance from each other, in the execution of the same plan, they are still conspirators. The act of one is the act of all. An act done in this county for the furtherance of the common design, is an act for which they are all answerable, even though the parties should never have designed it; and though they should reside in another county, they may be properly charged in one and the same indictment."

14. The Commission of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland agree to Dr. Gordon's hostile resolution in the Auchterarder case: "The Commission are of opinion that the application of Mr. Young is incompetent, not only because he was finally rejected by a sentence of Presbytery, which was not appealed from, a similar application having been directed to be refused by the Assembly of 1838, but also because it would be a complete violation of the fundamental principles of the Church, in contravention of her standing laws,

and in defiance of the authority of the last General Assembly, who, on a report of the Auchterarder case being laid before them, declared that no presentee should be forced upon the people; as also, because it was opposed to the sentence of the Commission in May last. And the Commission are further of opinion, that no sentence of the civil court can justify their compliance. The Commission, further, considering the motion which was made by the minority of the Presbytery to take Mr. Young on his trials, hereby prohibit the Presbytery in any event from taking Mr. Young on his trials, as they shall be accountable."-Dr. Cook moved an amendment : Having maturely considered the reference of the Presbytery of Auchterarder, the Commission earnestly advise that Presbytery, in conformity with the judgment of the Court of Session, affirmed upon appeal by the House of Peers, to take upon trial Mr. Robert Young, presentee to the parish of Auchterarder; so that, if they find him qualified, they may proceed to the settlement with all convenient speed, according to the rules of the Church." Dr. Gordon's motion was carried by a vote of 104 to 23.

15. Came on at Chester Assizes the trial of the Rev. J. R. Stephens, charged with misdemeanour, in so far as he had attended an unlawful meeting, and incited those present to a disturbance of the public peace. The meeting mainly relied on was held at the Cotton Tree, near Hyde. Many who attended it carried arms, and bore banners with the inscriptions-"Tyrants, believe and tremble,"

Liberty or Death,' "Ashton demands Universal Suffrage or Universal Vengeance," "For children and wife we'll war to the knife." There was also a transparency with the word "Blood." At this meeting the prisoner was charged with using inflammatory language. He told the meeting that "he had good news for them; he had been to the barracks, seen the soldiers, and the soldiers would not act against the people.' He asked if they had fire-arms, and were ready; and the answer was given by a discharge of fire-arms. This meeting continued till midnight. Stephens, who spoke for five hours in defence, was found guilty, and sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment in Knutsford Gaol.

-

Don Carlos, closely pressed by Espartero, crosses the frontier and surrenders himself to the French Sub-prefect at Bayonne.

16. The clergy of Ripon and neighbourhood having remonstrated with the Marquis of Londonderry for fighting a duel with Mr. Grattan, the Marquis replies :-"I should lose the degree of character I have (I hope) obtained through life, for candour and straightforwardness, if I did not at once declare that while you, as clergymen, are compelled to view this transaction as unsanctioned and unauthorized by God, we as soldiers are bound to fight to uphold the Altar and Throne wher attacked, and for this high duty our garmenis

must be unsullied as yours; and while you in the due exercise of your high calling are bound to preach the Gospel and administer consolation to the repentant sinner, you must leave to the British soldier the unfettered right of being the best judge and arbiter of his own honour, while he religiously believes that in doing his duty in that state of life to which Providence has called him he will find mercy in the Redeemer, instead of drawing down the wrath of God, as you seem to announce.

16.-Lord Tavistock writes to the Chronicle, denying that Lady Tavistock took any part whatever against Lady Flora Hastings, or ever imparted any suspicion, or made any communication, direct or indirect, to her Majesty concerning that lady.

19. The Lords' amendment to the Portuguese Slave Trade Bill agreed to by the Commons, and sent back to the Upper House to receive the Royal Assent. A protest against the measure was entered by the Duke of Wellington, on the ground that the right of search provided for in the bill was liable to be resented and retaliated by other Powers.

"I am

20.-Detention of the army of the Indus to maintain Shah Soojah in Čabul. anxiously desirous," writes Lord Auckland, "that the forces should be once more stationed within our own provinces. The political effect of their return could not but be advantageous. It would put an end to the injurious speculations which have been founded on their absence. It might check the restless and unfriendly spirit which has prevailed beyond our northern and eastern frontiers, and would give us disposable strength for the requisition which it seems probable, in the present aspect of affairs, may in more quarters than one be made for military demonstration. Yet I need scarcely add that even these objects, and the immediate reduction of expenditure, would be ill attained at the price of leaving unaccomplished the great purposes with which the expedition to Cabul was undertaken." As Shah Soojah was utterly unable of himself to support his claim to the throne of Affghanistan, a general order was issued on the 9th October, commanding the whole of the troops to be distributed between Cabul, Jellalabad, Ghuznee, and Candahar, the latter under the command of Major-General Nott.

22.-The Morning Post gives currency to the rumour that the Queen was about to ally herself in marriage with Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg.

23. In reviewing the legislative work of the session, Lord Lyndhurst taunted the Home Secretary with now being compelled to suppress by force in Birmingham opinions which some time since he had said were as "the voice of the nation" compared to "the whisper of a faction."

26.-Tried at Liverpool the case of Rutter

v. Chapman, involving the validity of the Manchester Charter. The judge directed a verdict for the defendant, on the ground that the Privy Council could grant the charter on the petition which had been presented from Manchester; but allowed Mr. Cresswell to tender a bill of exceptions, on which the case could be argued in the court above.

26.-To-day new writs were issued for Tipperary in room of Mr. Shiel, appointed VicePresident of the Board of Trade, and fo Manchester in room of Mr. Poulett Thomson, appointed Governor-General of Canada.

Under severe threats from the native Government, the British residents leave Macao and seek shelter with Captain Elliot, who ordered the British vessels to the Bay of Coalloon.

27.-Parliament prorogued by the Queen in person. The Speaker presented the last Supply Bill of the session. In the Royal Speech reference was made to the treaty between Holland and Belgium, negotiated by the mediation of the Five Powers, who were alike determined to uphold the independence and integrity of the Ottoman Empire. "I regret that the differences which led to the withdrawal of my Minister from the Court of Teheran have not yet been satisfactorily adjusted by the Government of Persia. In order to fulfil the engagements announced to you at the opening of the present session, the Governor-General of India has moved an army across the Indus; and I have much satisfaction in being able to informı you that the advance of that expedition has been hitherto unopposed, and there is every reason to hope that the important objects for which these military operations have been undertaken will be finally obtained. It has been with satisfaction that I have given my consent to a reduction of the postage duties. I trust that the Act which has been passed on this subject will be a relief and encouragement to trade, and that by facilitating intercourse and correspondence it will be productive of much social advantage and improvement." It was with great pain, it was mentioned, the Crown "had been compelled to enforce the law against those who no longer concealed their design of resisting by force the lawful authorities, and of subverting the institutions of the country.”

The

28.-Tournament at Eglinton Castle. tilt-yard was formed on a lawn a little south of the castle. A wooden paling, about five feet in height, served to keep back the crowd; while the grand stand, with seats for 800 persons, and two smaller galleries right and left, containing 700 each, formed nearly the whole southern side of the arena. At each end, and within the enclosure, the encampments or positions of the various knights were pitched. The rising ground on the northern side of the lists was completely covered with spectators, and in various places throughout the park, wherever a glimpse of the lists could

be obtained, vehicles crowded with visitors were drawn up. The weather, unfortunately, was most unfavourable. The rain commenced to fall heavily in the forenoon, which not only led to a curtailment in the splendour of the grand procession from the castle, but damped the enthusiasm of many who had undertaken long journeys to be present at this revival of ancient state. After the procession had moved round the arena, the King of the Tournament (the Marquis of Londonderry) and the Queen of Beauty (Lady Seymour), with their attendants, took their places on the grand stand, and the knights, with their suites, withdrew to their respective tents. Some jousting then took place in the tilting-ground, the most noticeable encounters being those between the Earl of Eglinton (Lord of the Tournament) and the Marquis of Waterford (Knight of the Dragon). There was also a broadsword encounter between Prince Louis Napoleon and Mr. Lamb, Knight of the White Rose. On the following day (Thursday), the weather put a complete stop to all outdoor display; but on Friday the sports were resumed, and carried through with great spirit. Throughout the kingdom the interest in the Tournament was so great, that it was calculated no less than 100,000 visitors gathered round "the Castle o' Montgomery on the first day of the spectacle.

28.-Intelligence arrives from Bombay to the 4th of July, and from Calcutta to the 18th of June, intimating that all was going well with the Affghanistan army. Sir John Keane intended to march against Cabul on the 15th June, and anticipated an easy victory over Dost Mahomed, who was reported to have fled in the direction of Bokhara. At Herat, Lieut. Pottinger was said to have completely established British supremacy.

Died at Northampton, aged 70 years, William Smith, LL.D., F.G. S., "the father of English Geology."

29.-Affray at Egham Races between a band of thimble-riggers and certain soldiers of the 45th regiment.

30. Mr. Macnaghten, the British Envoy at Cabul, writes: "Everything is going on well here. Two regiments of infantry, and one of cavalry, are to be left at Cabul, and another at Jellalabad, where it is thought Shah Soojah intends to winter."

Grand entertainment at Dover to the Duke of Wellington, as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. The toast of the day was spoken to by Lord Brougham, who bestowed boundless praise on the noble Duke.

-The Directors of the Thames Tunnel Company give a dinner in the works, to celebrate the reaching of low-water mark.

Ministerial changes. Mr. Baring became Chancellor of the Exchequer, and was

re-.

The

elected for Portsmouth without opposition. Mr. Spring Rice was called to the House of Lords with the title of Lord Monteagle. Marquis of Normanby and Lord John Russell change places, the former becoming Home Secretary and the latter Colonial Secretary. Mr. Labouchere succeeded Mr. Poulett Thomson at the Board of Trade.

The Rev. Theobald Mathew organizes great temperance demonstrations at Limerick. On one of the days the crush of people was so immense, that the cavalry called out to preserve order were swept off the ground. Thousands were anxious even to touch the hem of his garment. At Nenagh 20,000 persons took the pledge in one day, and 100,000 at Galway in two days.

September 3.-A committee of Marylebone Vestry recommend the paving of the whole of Oxford Street with wood.

Miss Ellen Tree makes her first appearance in the Haymarket Theatre after her return from America, as Viola, in "Twelfth Night."

The Presbytery of Aberdeen declare their intention of withdrawing their certificate from Professor Blackie, on the ground that he did not sign and accept the Confession of Faith in that unqualified manner required by the Act of Parliament.

Captain Wade reaches Cabul with Runjeet Singh's detachment, having fought his way through the Khyber Pass, and seized the important hill fortress of Ali-Musjid. The Prince Timour, who accompanied him, was received in state.

4.-In the Presbytery of Glasgow, the Rev. Mr. Fairbairn, of Bridgeton, calls attention to the extraordinary revival of religion which had manifested itself among the people of Kilsyth. The Rev. Mr. Burns afterwards addressed the Presbytery, detailing the chief characteristics by which this revival was distinguished.

M. Daguerre's new invention for taking pictures publicly exhibited in the Quai d'Orsay by order of the Minister of Interior. The Journal des Débats described the apparatus and process. The first experiment in England was made on the 13th, when M. St. Croix exhibited the instrument and process in presence of a select party of scientific men and artists. He also succeeded in producing a picture of the place of meeting, No. 7, Piccadilly.

11.-At the Surrey Sessions, John Benchey and Martha Stone, indicted for stealing, with great violence, from the person of Robert Young, W.S., Edinburgh, a watch, pair of

spectacles, and wig, were sentenced to ten years' transportation.

11. A young woman named Margaret Moyes commits suicide by throwing herself from the top of the Monument. At the inquest a witness, living in Monument-yard, said he saw the deceased in her descent. She turned round twice, and made motions with her arms. He found her on the ground, the left arm several feet from the body, and a good deal of blood flowing. A rope was found on the railings, which she had used as a stirrup to mount to the top. The jury returned a verdict of temporary insanity, with a recommendation to the Corporation to rail in the top of the Monument, to prevent the recurrence of similar acts. Common Council made some demur to this recommendation, on the ground that druggists might as well be prohibited from selling poisons, or cutlers from disposing of a razor.

The

12.-Robbery in the United Service Clubhouse, which led to an inquiry, ending in the dismissal of Mr. Fenn, the steward.

A detachment of British and native troops leave Cabul to break up the power of Dost Mahomed in the Hindoo Coosh district, where he had taken refuge. They passed the winter at Bameean.

Daniel O'Connell issues a manifesto from Darrynane, pressing upon his countrymen the necessity of registering, to prevent a flood of evils from overwhelming the land; for "at no period of English history did there exist towards Ireland, among the English people, a stronger spirit of hate and antipathy than at present.'

14. Dissolution of the Chartist National Convention.

16.-Disturbance in various towns in France, caused by the scarcity, and consequent high price, of corn.

19.-The Bombay column of the army of the Indus, under the command of General Willshire, leaves Affghanistan on its return to India by the route of the Kojuck and the Bolan. Such portions of the Bengal army as could be spared returned to India under Sir John Keane, by the Khyber route.

20.-Feargus O'Connor arrested at Manchester, on a judge's warrant, for seditious conspiracy.

Died, aged 70, Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy, of Copenhagen and Trafalgar, flagcaptain to Nelson on board the Victory.

21.-Lucy Brown, a young woman seduced and afterwards discarded by a wine-merchant in London, commits suicide by leaping from the bridge into the Serpentine.

23.-Colonel Pasley, R. E. succeeds in raising a portion of the wreck of the Royal George by an explosion of gunpowder. The mainmast, pieces of the hull, capstan, and tiller, and several guns were brought up by the aid of divers, who descended after the explosion. The operations were continued with interesting results for some seasons.

23.-Ebenezer Elliott addresses his "plundered fellow-townsmen " of Sheffield :-"You could not, if you were unanimous (which you are not), carry by physical or moral force, or any means whatever, any great public object, without the assistance of some of the other productive classes. The children of the Sunday Schools, who walked through our streets in procession last Whit-Monday, were then better prepared and able to contend with the military than you were. If you were this day arrayed for fight with all your present means, be they what they may, a troop of soldiers' wives from the barracks, if they made their appearance unarmed, and with or without their husbands' cloaks over their shoulders, would scare you out of the parish. And the adult daughters of the other productive classes (because they have surplus funds, which you have not, and cannot have, until you get rid of the Corn Laws) could, if need were, not by coming behind folks, as some of your leaders advise you to do, but in fair battle, and without the aid of a single policeman or soldier, defeat and exterminate you. . . Potatofed men, having no surplus, are necessarily slaves-and the Breadtaxry mean to bring you down to potato wages. You will soon, then,

I venture to hope, see the folly of allowing yourselves to be led the wrong way, by paid agents of the scoundrel Breadtaxry, who, favoured by your deplorable ignorance, have contrived to place themselves at the head of the Chartists, not merely to defeat the other wise and holy movement, but, by so doing, to sustain the all-beggaring food-monopoly, and make the Liberal cause itself hateful and ridiculous."

The

27. Mr. Macaulay gazetted Secretary-atWar, and sworn of her Majesty's Privy Council. A similar honour was conferred at this time upon Mr. R. L. Shiel, who had been appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade. excessive unfairness with which public men on all sides were treated at this time may be illustrated by a passage from the Times concerning these appointments: "These men Privy Councillors! These men petted at Windsor Castle! Faugh! Why, they are hardly fit to fill up the vacancies that have occurred by the lamented death of her Majesty's two favourite monkeys." On the 1st October Mr. Macaulay forwarded to his Edinburgh constituents an address, dated "Windsor Castle," in which he said: "I have accepted office because I am of opinion that in office I can most effectually promote the success of those principles which recommended me to your favour. I shall quit office with far more pleasure than I accepted it, as soon as I am convinced that by quitting it I should serve the cause of temperate liberty and progressive reform." The Times again attacked the member for Edinburgh :"But if the ground of Mr. Shiel's appointment be still a mystery, there can no longer be any doubt of the qualification which recommended Mr. Babble-tongue Macaulay to the favour of