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13.-Died at Rome, in his 77th year, Cardinal Fesch, maternal uncle of Napoleon I.

Died, aged 66, the Duke of Bassano, Minister for Foreign Affairs under Napoleon I.

14. Numerous meetings throughout the country to express approval of the Queen's rejection of the conditions sought to be imposed on her by Sir Robert Peel and his party.

17.-Prince Louis Napoleon writes from "17, Carlton House Terrace," to the editor of the Times: "I see with pain in your Paris correspondence that it is wished to cast upon me the responsibility of the late insurrection. rely upon your kindness to refute in the most distinct manner this insinuation. The intelligence of the bloody scenes which took place has caused me as much surprise as grief. If I were the soul of a plot, I would also be the chief actor in it in the day of danger; nor would I shrink back after a defeat.”

18. Disturbance at Glasgow on the occasion of her Majesty's birthday. At night a mob 200 strong mustered on the Green, and, armed with sticks, marched up to the Cross with the view of creating a disturbance. They were overpowered by the police, and the most prominent carried off to prison.

Fire in Bucklersbury, near the Mansion House, destroying the premises occupied by Mr. Baker, stationer, and causing the death of two of his children and two domestics.

Died at Florence, Caroline Murat, sister of Napoleon I. and ex-Queen of Naples.

20.-At the Dublin meeting to address the Queen on the stand she had made against the Tories, Mr. Henry Grattan declared that if they had succeeded her Majesty's life would not have been safe. "I tell you more, that if her Majesty was once fairly placed in the hands of the Tories I would not give an orange-peel for her life. If some of the low miscreants of the party got round her Majesty, and had the mixing of the Royal bowl at night, I fear she would have a long sleep."-O'Connell was ready with even more than his usual flattery. "When I entered the Reform Club," he said, "a friend seized me by both hands, exclaiming, 'She has done it! England has triumphed, and Ireland is saved.' May the great God of heaven bless her who did it!-that creature of only nineteen-lovely as she is young, and pure as she is exalted. She was something which might be dreamed of in chivalry or fairyland. There she was, in the power of the weakness of her sex. . . . But it was not her head that she consulted; it was from the overflowing

feelings of her young heart that she was induced to take the course she so nobly pursued. Those excellent women who had been so long attached to her, who had nursed and tended to her wants in her childhood, who had watched over her in her sickness, whose eyes beamed with delight as they watched her increasing daily in beauty and in loveliness-when they were threatened to be forced away from her, her heart told her that she could as well part with that heart itself as with those whom it held so dear.

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21. Lord Palmerston writes to Sir J. M'Neill, at Shahrood, authorizing him to inform the Shah that his designs upon Affghanistan are in complete contravention of the spirit of the alliance subsisting between the two nations.

22. Three motions discussed by the General Assembly regarding the Auchterarder case. Dr. Cook proposed that the Veto Act having been found to infringe on civil and patrimonial rights, Presbyteries should be instructed to proceed with settlements in the manner practised before the Act was passed.-Dr. Muir sought to make an addition, to the effect that Presbyteries, in settling presentees, ought to consider their suitableness to the mind and situation of the people of the parish.-Dr. Chalmers, while admitting that the House of Lords had settled the mere "civil right" in the Auchterarder case, insisted that the principle of non-intrusion was an integral part of the Church's constitution which should not be abandoned, and that no presentee should be forced upon any parish contrary to the will of the congregation. For Dr. Chalmers's motion as against Dr. Muir's the numbers were 197 to 161; and as against Dr. Cook's, 204 to 155. Dr. Chalmers's motion was therefore declared to be carried by a majority of 49.

24. Capt. Elliott and the British merchants leave Canton.

25.-Great Chartist demonstration on Kersal Moor, near Manchester. Feargus O'Connor said he came there because the magistrates and the Queen pronounced the meeting illegal and unconstitutional. "I have good authority for asserting," he said, "that all the Hanoverian clubs in London are at work to know how they can dispose of our young Queen, and place the bloody Cumberland on her throne in her stead." Other violent speeches were delivered by Rushton of Manchester, Fletcher of Bury, and others.

27. Mr. Charles Shaw Lefevre elected Speaker of the House of Commons, by a majority over Mr. Goulburn of 18 in a House of 620. In this division there were 8 pairs, II Liberals and 9 Tories absent, and two vacancies-Ludlow and Carlow.

30. In retaliation to some extent for the attempts of Government to control the liberties of the City, the Court of Common Council, by a majority of 46, decline to forward any address on the subject of the recent Ministerial crisis.

30. Mr. T. B. Macaulay addresses the electors of Edinburgh with the view of succeeding Mr. Abercromby in the representation of the city. He was elected without opposition on the 4th of June.

31. In the Court of Queen's Bench, Lord Denman gave judgment in the case of Stockdale v. Hansard-an action for defamatory libel against the printers to the House of Commons for the publication of the Report of Commissioners of Prisons, in which certain strictures were made on some obscene books printed by the plaintiff. Lord Denman said that the supremacy of Parliament, on which the claim for exemption from responsibility was made to rest, might have been recognised as a valid authority, but the report complained of was not made by the sanction of the three co-ordinate powers acting harmoniously together, but by the House of Commons singly; a usurpation of authority abhorrent to the constitution of England. "Most willingly." said the Lord Chief Justice, "would I decline to enter upon an inquiry which may lead to my differing from that great and powerful assembly. But when one of my fellow-subjects presents himself before me in this court demanding justice for an injury, it is not at my option to grant or to withhold redress. I am bound to afford it him, it the law declares him entitled to it. Parliament is said to be supreme: I most fully acknowledge its supremacy. It follows, then, that neither branch of it is supreme when acting by itself." A jury summoned afterwards to assess damages, awarded 100l. to Stockdale.

June 1.-The inhabitants of Melbourne, Australia, celebrate the second anniversary of their city. Within the two years certain lots of land had advanced in price from 71. to 600l., and from 27. to 930/.

3. The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council recommend that the sum of 10,000!., granted by Parliament in 1835 towards the erection of normal or model schools, be given in equal proportion to the National Society and the British and Foreign School Society. They also recommend, that no further grant be made now or hereafter for these schools unless the right of inspection be retained, in order to secure a uniformity in the several schools, with such improvements as may from time to time be suggested by the Committee.

Lord John Russell introduces a bill for the legislative union of the two Canadas.

4.-Lord John Russell intimates the abandonment of the Government scheme of education, in consequence of the opposition manifested by various religious bodies.

7.-The Right Hon. James Abercromby, Speaker of the House of Commons, raised to the peerage with the title of Lord Dunfermline.

10.--An attempt made by a nadman to enter Buckingham Palace, with designs against

the Queen. He was seized by a sentry, and afterwards sent to Bridewell.

13. Duel at Wimbledon between Lord Londonderry and Mr. H. Grattan, M.P., arising out of statements made by the latter at Dublin (see May 20), which Lord Londonderry had described as "base and infamous." Lord Londonderry received his opponent's fire, and fired in the air. A hostile correspondence on the same subject took place between Mr. Grattan and Lord Brougham.

Murder of Capt. Bergholty, on board his vessel at Monkwearmouth, by the mate. After the murder the body was thrown over the ship's side, attached to a small boat, and rowed by Ehlert and one Müller up towards the bridge, where it was found on a sandbank by the police.

14. The Lord President of the court of Session pronounces censure on seven-members of the Presbytery of Dunkeld, for their contempt of court in having inducted a minister to the church and parish of Lethendy, in defiance of the interdict of the Court. They were also found liable in expenses.

Mr. Attwood presents a Chartist petition to the House of Commons, said to be signed by 1,280,000 people. It consisted of a cylinder of parchment about the diameter of a coach wheel, and was literally rolled into the House. His motion to submit the grievances complained of to the consideration of a Select Committee was negatived by 235 to 46 votes.

15. A woman, describing herself as Sophia Elizabeth Guelph Sims, makes application at the Mansion House for advice and assistance to prove herself the lawful child of George IV. and Mrs. Fitzherbert.

The Select Committee on Printed Papers present a Report on the Stockdale v. Hansard prosecution. In conformity with certain abstract views expressed in the debate, Lord John Russell submitted two resolutions; the first declaring the inexpediency of adopting measures for the purpose of staying execution of the writ against Hansard; the second that the House would enter into a consideration of the means of defending its essential privilege of publishing its votes and proceedings.

17.-Died, aged 65, Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of India, 1827-35.

18. Mr. Grote's annual motion on the Ballot rejected by 333 to 216 votes. Mr. Macaulay spoke in favour of the measure, being the first time he addressed the House since his return from India.

Opening of railways from Newcastle to North Shields, and from Newcastle to South Shields and Sunderland.

20. As the result of two conversations with the French Ambassador, Lord Palmerston pronounces it as his opinion that it was necessary to save the Ottoman Empire from an exclusive

protection, which would sooner or later prove fatal to it if France and England were not agreed.

20.-Late this evening, and during a slight storm, eleven young people returning from a cricket-match at Putney were drowned in Chelsea Reach by the upsetting of four boats.

21. The Earl of Winchelsea presents a petition to the House of Lords, demanding the repeal of the Catholic Emancipation Act, on the ground of its injury to the Established Church.

23. Died at the convent at Jûn, in the Lebanon, aged 73, Lady Hester Lucy Stanhope.

24. Tried at the Central Criminal Court, the Caspars, father and son, Emanuel Moses, and Alice Abrahams, as principals and accessories in gold-dust robbery-102 lbs., worth 5,000. They were convicted principally on the evidence of an informer named Moss, who described the means taken by the younger Caspar to secure the gold he had charge of as clerk to Hartley and Co. (See March 25.)

25.-Ibrahim Pacha defeats the Turks at Nezib, near Aleppo. As many as 4,000 of the Sultan's army were said to be killed, and 5,000 taken prisoners.

26.-Colonel Maza, formerly Rosas' legal adviser, and President of the Buenos Ayres House of Representatives, assassinated in the Assembly buildings. His son was shot in prison next day.

27.-Died at Lahore, in his sixtieth year, Mabarajah Runjeet Singh, chief of Lahore. Four princesses-his wives-and seven slave girls were permitted to burn themselves on his funeral pyre. He left the celebrated diamond "Koh-i-noor," so long coveted by the princes of India, as a legacy to be worn by the chief idol of Juggernaut.

28.-Explosion at St. Hilda's Colliery, South Shields. The site of the disaster was nearly two miles from the shaft, and therefore considerable time elapsed before even the intrepid men who volunteered to search could reach the sufferers. Sixty lives were lost on this occasion. The coroner's jury returned a verdict of "accidental death, with a special recommendation from the jury that the practice of working coal-mines with candles be abandoned, and lamps adopted in their stead, as, from the evidence taken at this inquest, it evidently appears that the explosion has been caused by the carelessness of one of the men going with a lighted candle into what is termed the tenth board of the mine, which had been foul."

29.-The Morning Post gives currency to a story, that the Duchess of Montrose and Lady Sarah Ingestre were among those who hissed her Majesty on the Ascot racecourse. Lady Lichfield was said to be implicated in convey

ing this report to her Majesty, but afterwards denied in writing that she had given utterance to such a calumny.

July 1.-Died, Sultan Mahmoud II., aged 54; succeeded by Abdul-Medjid.

Lord Lyndhurst's motion for expunging the first clause of the Jamaica bill authorizing the Governor and Council to make laws for the regulation of hired labour, the prevention of vagrancy, and the illegal occupation of waste lands, which had been retained in the Commons by the narrow majority of 10, carried in the House of Lords against Ministers by 149 to 80.

2. Mr. Milner Gibson resigns his seat for Ipswich, on the ground that his feelings on many great questions were now at variance with those of the Conservative party to whom he owed his election. He stood as a candidate at the new election, but was defeated by Sir Thomas Cochrane, the numbers being 621 votes to 615.

Two

4. Chartist riots at Birmingham. thousand people assembled in the Bull Ring about 9 o'clock P.M., and, when desired to disperse, fell upon the constables, and wounded two severely. The military ultimately dispersed the rioters, and enabled the police to apprehend ten of the more prominent of them. The General Convention thereupon issued a proclamation, declaring "That a wanton, flagrant, and unjust outrage had been made upon the people of Birmingham by a bloodthirsty and unconstitutional force from London, acting under the authority of men who wished to keep the people in degradation." The Secretary of the Convention was apprehended at the place of meeting.

The

5.-The Chancellor of the Exchequer brings forward his Annual Budget. A deficiency, caused mainly, as was explained, by the continued heavy expenditure in Canada, had occurred during the past year of 224,000/. revenue for the current year he estimated at 48, 128,000l. and the expenditure at 47,988,000l. showing an available surplus of 140,000l. In immediate connexion with his statement the Chancellor of the Exchequer proposed a resolution: "That it is expedient to reduce the postage on letters to one uniform rate of one penny, charged upon every letter of a weight to be hereafter fixed by law; Parliamentary privileges of franking being abolished, and official franking strictly regulated: this House pledging itself, at the same time, to make good any deficiency of revenue which may be occasioned by such an alteration in the rates of the existing duties.

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- Died at Buckingham Palace, from enlargement of the liver, Lady Flora Hastings, aged 33. Shortly before her death her Majesty had an interview with Lady Flora. Her death was generally understood to have been ac

celerated by the painful occurrences in the Palace at the beginning of the year.

8. Tried at Edinburgh, an action raised by Sir David and Lady Milne against George Horne for slanderous allegations contained in a book written by the defendant, entitled "Memoirs of an Aristocrat." Damages awarded, 1,000/.

9. Mr. Villiers introduces, but afterwards withdraws, a motion for the House resolving itself into a committee to consider the present duties levied on foreign and colonial timber.

11. Affray between English and American seamen at Hong-Kong. One Chinaman was killed, for which Commissioner Lin demanded instant satisfaction.

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In answer to a resolution for an Address to the Crown to rescind the Order in Council appointing an Educational Committee, the Queen mildly rebukes the Peers for insinuating that she was inattentive to the interests of the Established Church, or disposed to treat with neglect the advice of the House of Lords. "Öf the proceedings of the Committee, annual reports will be laid before Parliament, so that the House of Lords will be enabled to exercise its judgment upon them; and I trust that the funds placed at my disposal will be found to have been strictly applied to the objects for which they were granted."

The French Court of Peers pronounce a decision in the case of the prisoners concerned in the recent insurrection. The Court was unanimous in declaring Barbés and Mialon guilty of having headed the insurrection. By 120 votes Barbés was declared guilty of the murder of the lieutenant who commanded the poste at the Palais de Justice. By the same majority Mialon was declared guilty of the murder of the Brigadier Joanas. All the remaining prisoners were declared guilty of having participated in the insurrection, and of having been taken with arms in their hands. Barbés was sentenced to death, but afterwards respited; the others to various periods of transportation and imprisonment.

12. Mr. Goulburn's motion for the postponement of the Penny Postage Bill defeated by a majority of 213 to 113; and Sir Robert Peel's motion, to omit from the resolution the words pledging the Government to make up any deficiency which might arise, also defeated, by a majority of 184 to 125.

13. As the British Government still refused to "present" Hoossein Khan (now arrived in London) to the Queen till full satisfaction had been given for all past offences on the part of the Persian Court, Lord Palmerston grants the Envoy an interview this afternoon with the view of removing the misunderstandings, but is successful only so far as to make him familiar with the requirements of Britain as formally put before the Shah:-First, that a written apology shall be made to the British Govern

ment for what happened with regard to the British messenger; that apology not to be accompanied by any objectionable matter, and might be made either by the Prime Minister, the Hajee, or, if the Shah prefers it, by a letter from the Shah to the Queen. Secondly, that

a firmaun shall be published in Persia, and a copy of it communicated to the British Government, assuring protection to all persons, whether British, Persian, or others, who may be employed in the service of the British Mission. This firmaun to be in conformity with what was stated in Sir John M'Neill's Memorandum, given to the Shah on the 4th of June, 1838. Thirdly, that Ghorian and the other places in Affghanistan which have been occupied by the Persian garrisons, shall be evacuated by their troops, and restored to the Affghans. Fourthly, that a written apology shall be made by the Persian Government for the attempt made by Major-General Semino to seize the house at Teheran, which the Shah had placed at the disposal of Major Todd. (See Nov. 10, 1838.) Fifthly, that all persons concerned in the outrage committed on the person and property of the broker of the British Residency at Bushire, in the month of November last, shall be punished. Sixthly, that the Governor of Bushire, who was guilty of the affront lately offered to Sir F. Maitland, the British Admiral, shall be removed from his command, and that the reason of his removal shall be publicly made known by the Persian Government. Seventhly, that the claims of Sir Henry Bethune, on account of the ironworks in Karadagh, shall be liquidated. Eighthly, that the sums due to the British officers shall

be paid. Ninthly, that the signature of a commercial treaty between Great Britain and Persia shall accompany the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the two States.

14. The Turkish admiral leads his fleet into the harbour of Alexandria, and delivers it up to Mehemet Ali.

15. Another Chartist riot in Birmingham. The mob, having mustered in great force at the Bull Ring, formed themselves into order of procession, and in passing through the streets attacked the houses and shops of those known to be opposed to their views, or where they thought suitable plunder could be obtained. Encouraged in their excesses by the timidity of the magistracy, the rioters set fire to several shops, and it was at one time feared the whole city would fall a prey to their fury. As it was, the neighbourhood of the muster-ground presented an appearance which compelled the Duke of Wellington to declare was worse than that of a city taken by storm, and all done, he said, in the presence of magistrates appointed, not under the Great Seal, but by the Home Secretary. This outbreak was ultimately put down by the military without loss of life. The damage committed was estimated at from 40,000l. to 50,000/.

Died, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, Esq,

wit and poet, aged 36. His death caused a vacancy in the representation of Aylesbury.

16.-Discussion in the House of Lords on the Birmingham riots, the Duke of Wellington taunting the Government with having done nothing to prevent their occurrence during the The tee days over which they had extended. subject was taken up the following evening in the House of Commons.

17. The Mayor of Birmingham (Scholefield) forwards to the Home Secretary an account of the riots on the 15th, which he looked upon as altogether of an exceptional and unexpected character. "The magistrates," he wrote, were at the police office on the 15th, as on other days during the disturbance, and only left when there appeared to be no just ground for fear that the peace of the town would be disturbed."

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The Queen annoyed when taking an airing in Hyde Park by a man on horseback, who persisted in crossing before her Majesty, waving his hand, and placing it on his breast. Refusing to desist from his ridiculous conduct, he was given into custody by Capt. Cavendish. The offender, who described himself as a traveller for a wholesale house in the City, was committed to prison for two months.

18. The Llanidloes rioters tried at the Montgomeryshire Assizes, and sentenced to various terms of imprisonment.

Captain Elliott writes from Macao to Lord Palmerston: "I am more and more convinced that the late crisis, and the just ground of interference afforded to her Majesty's Government, will enable it to interpose, under the most favourable circumstances, for the establishment of regular and honourable trade on a firm basis, and, let me take the liberty to add, for the effectual check or regulation of a traffic which, by the present manner of its pursuit, must every day become more dangerous to the peace of this ancient empire, and most discreditable to the character of the Christian nations under whose flags it is carried on. but, my lord, the difficulties in China are not confined to this matter of opium. The true and far more important question to be solved is, whether there shall be honourable and extending trade with this empire; or whether the coasts shall be delivered over to a state of things which will pass rapidly from the worst character of forced trade to plain buccaneering." 19. Feargus O'Connor tried for a libel on the Warminster guardians, in so far as he had inserted in his newspaper a statement to the effect that they had starved a boy to death. A verdict of guilty was returned, and the defendant entered into recognizances to appear for judgment when called on.

20. Chartist riot at Newcastle, though the Northern Union had previously issued a placard calling upon its members to respect the lives and property of all the inhabitants, in conse

quence of their nightly meetings not having been interfered with.

20.-Dinner to Mr. Macready: the Duke of Sussex in the chair.

22. In the National Convention, Delegate O'Brien moves to rescind a former resolution fixing the 12th of August as the commencement of the "sacred month," on the ground that the people were not yet generally prepared for that event.

23.-The important frontier fortress of Ghuznee, Affghanistan, stormed by a British force, under the command of Lieut.-General Keane, commander of the Army of the Indus. "At daylight on the 22d," he writes, "I reconnoitred the place, in company with the chief engineer and others, with the view of making such arrangements as were necessary for carrying the place by storm. Instead of the tedious process of breaching (for which we were all prepared), it was resolved to blow in the Cabul Gate, the weakest point, with gunpowder. A few minutes before 3 o'clock this morning the explosion took place, and proved With the view of paracompletely successful.

lysing the enemy, a heavy fire was then opened upon the citadel and ramparts of the fort, and about the same time the storming party, led with great gallantry by Brigadier Sale, succeeded in establishing a position within the fort. The struggle here was very sharp for a time, but the courage and fortitude of our army overcame all opposition, and by 5 o'clock the British standard was planted on the citadel, amidst the cheers of all ranks. Our casualties in killed and wounded amounted to about 200. Of the garrison 500 were killed, and a large number made prisoners."

24.-Disturbances by Jews at the Garrick Theatre, in consequence of the production of a play founded on the recent gold-dust robbery. Fracas in the streets of Manchester between the editors of the Guardian and Courier, arising out of personalities indulged in through their newspapers.

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Lord John Russell obtains the consent of the House to introduce a bill for the establishment of county and district constables by authority of Justices of the Peace in England and Wales.

26. The Chancellor of the Exchequer's resolution for prolonging the exclusive privilege of the Bank of Ireland till 1844, carried after a lengthened discussion by 79 votes to 24.

The Prussian seaman Ehlert tried at Durham Assizes for the murder of his captain, and sentenced to be executed. He was condemned mainly on the testimony of an apprentice, whose assistance he had secured to carry out the crime.

28. The Marquis of Londonderry writes that the rumour of his refusal to drink the Queen's health with the usual honours at the

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