and divines of our Church were in 1788, in prefixing their names to the Works of Dr. Lardner, which contained the avowal and defence of all his erroneous opinions."

26.-John Teuton, printer, sentenced to fifteen months' imprisonment for attempting to extort money from the Marquis of Downshire, by the publication of a pamphlet entitled "The Secret History," relating to the late Lady Mary Hill, sister to the Marquis.

- Lord Palmerston instructs Lord Clanricarde to obtain from Count Nesselrode an explanation of the conduct of the Russian officials at the Persian Court.

28. Severe gale on the east and west coast. Among the more serious of the disasters was the sinking of the Northern Yacht steamboat trading between Leith and Newcastle, with 10 passengers and her entire crew of 13 persons.

November 3.-Madrid declared in a state of siege. In the provinces the most severe retaliatory measures are now being put in force by Carlists and Royalists. Cabrera writes: "I have ordered all the cavalry prisoners to be shot, because they refused to give quarter to 15 volunteers who fell into their hands at the beginning of the action. The number thus shot was 161; of whom 2 were captains, 3 lieutenants, 4 sub-lieutenants, 8 first sergeants, 5 second sergeants, 12 corporals, and 132 soldiers." Subsequently, Cabrera ordered 55 prisoners, taken at Villamefa, in Arragon, to be shot. On the other side, the National Guard at Murcia massacred 30 Carlist prisoners; and at Alicante two others--all they had were killed. The authorities at Carthagena saved the lives of the prisoners there by putting them on board ships in the harbour.

4.-Renewal of disturbance in Canada. To-day (Sunday) the rebels made an attack on the Indians of Cochanawaga, who sallied out of the church where they were assembled for Divine Service, repulsed their assailants, and captured seventy prisoners. The insurgents also made an unsuccessful attempt to-day to burn the steamboat Victoria, which had taken a detachment of artillery from Montreal to La Prairie. Frustrated in this design, they marched against the village of Beauharnois, the chief place of the seigniory, and well known as the property of Mr. Edward Ellice, and drove off the inhabitants. also they made a prisoner of Mr. Ellice, jun., M.P., Lord Durham's Secretary, who was conveyed along with others to a nunnery at Chateauguay.

Here

7.-Twenty-five men employed on the Plymouth Breakwater drowned in a squall when attempting to pass in an open boat to the Cat

water.

8.-Fire at an hotel in Tamworth, and six servants of the house suffocated.

8.-Explosion at Hale's powder-mill, Oare, Faversham, causing the death of three men employed in the works, and another engaged in a field fifty yards distant.

9.-The rebel army in Canada quit their strongholds at Napiersville, and Sir John Colborne concentrates his troops there.

10. Outrage on the British Minister at Teheran; M. Semino, an officer who had lately received the rank of General in the Persian service, endeavouring to take forcible possession of a house occupied by Major Todd, overlooking the garden of the Minister. In answer to Mr. M'Neill's report of the transac tion, Lord Palmerston directed that a written and formal apology be demanded from the Persian Prime Minister. A week later another insult was offered at Bushire, a forcible entrance being effected into the house of the Residency Shroff (or agent), and the occupant treated with great indignity. For this outrage Lieut.Col. Shiel was instructed to demand satisfaction, and the punishment of the persons chiefly concerned.

12.-O'Connell commences a career of agitation in favour of the establishment of "Precursor" Societies. To-day he spoke at Tralee, and during the week at Kanturk and Thurles.

Three fishing-boats upset off the coast of Suffolk. With the exception of one man, the crews, amounting to twenty-nine in number, perished.

15.-Lord Glenelg writes to Lord Durham : "The proclamation of the 9th of October, her Majesty's confidential advisers regard not merely as a deviation from the course which has hitherto been invariably pursued by the governors of the British possessions abroad, but as a dangerous departure from the practice and principles of the constitution. They consider as open to most serious objection an appeal by such an officer to the public at large from measures adopted by the Sovereign, with the advice and consent of Parliament. The terms in which that appeal has in this instance been made, appear to her Majesty's Ministers calculated to impair the reverence due to the Royal authority in the colony, to derogate from the character of the Imperial Legislature, to excite amongst the disaffected hopes of impunity, and to enhance the difficulties with which your Lordship's successor will have to contend. The Ministers of the Crown having humbly submitted this opinion to the Queen, it is my duty to inform you, that I have received her Majesty's commands to signify to your Lordship her Majesty's disapprobation of your proclamation of the 9th of October. Under these circumstances, her Majesty's Government are compelled to admit that your continuance in the government of British North America could be attended with no beneficial results. I presume that before your receipt of this despatch, your Lordship will have delivered over the

government of Lower Canada to Sir John Colborne, to whom I shall address the requisite instructions for his guidance."

He

15.-Defeat of Canadian insurgents. Today Colonel Dundas reached Prescott from Kingston, with four companies of the 83d regiment, two 18-pounders, and a howitzer. took up his position about 400 yards from the windmill; and with his field-pieces opened a sharp fire upon the stone building near the mill, whilst Captain Sandom with two 18-pounders in two gunboats fired upon it from the water. After this operation had lasted about an hour, a white flag was hung out from the building, and its occupants surrendered themselves unconditionally to Colonel Dundas. There were 102 altogether, of whom 16 were wounded.

16.-Desiré Rousselle, a native of Brittany, attempts to assassinate a Frenchman calling himself Charles Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Normandy, a pretended son of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, in the house 21, Clarence Place, Camberwell. Rousselle escaped after firing at his victim, but was seized some days later lurking about the premises.

Died at Paris, in his seventieth year, the Rt. Hon. Robert Cutlar Ferguson, Judge Advocate-General and M. P. for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. Mr. Ferguson won a foremost place at the bar, both in England and Calcutta, and was one of the most prominent members of the Reform party in the beginning of the century. He was tried along with the Earl of Thanet for aiding O'Connor in his attempted escape from Maidstone Court-house, and sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment in the King's Bench.

- Treaty of commerce between Great Britain and Turkey ratified. British manufactures subjected to an ad valorem duty of 3 per cent., and 2 per cent. in lieu of all other inland imposts. Charge on shipping entering the Dardanelles, Bosphorus, and Black Sea, to be abolished, and a free transit allowed for goods passing through Turkey for exportation.

17. As tending somewhat to counteract the proceedings of the High Church party at Oxford, a proposal is issued to-day from Magdalen Hall for the erection of a monument to Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, "who had so large a share in restoring our own branch of the Catholic Church to primitive orthodoxy, and who, for the maintenance of the Scriptural truths which they embodied in its Articles and other formularies, suffered death in this city."

19. Came on in the Arches Court, before Sir Herbert Jenner, the case of Breeks v. Woolfrey, a suit brought by letters of request from the Vicar-General of the Bishop of Winchester. The articles alleged, that by the laws, customs, and usages of the realm it is forbilden to erect in the churchyard of any parish

a tomb or headstone, or other monument, without the consent of the rector or vicar, or without a faculty for the purpose; and that it is by the 22d Article of the Church of England, agreed upon in 1562, declared that the Romish doctrine concerning purgatory, pardon, and other things therein mentioned, is " a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God;" that any person erecting, or causing to be erected, in the churchyard of any parish, any monument, without such consent or faculty, ought to be peremptorily monished immediately to remove the same; and further, that if such monument contain any inscription contrary to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England, and to the Articles of the said Church, the person or persons so offending ought not only to be peremptorily monished immediately to remove the same, but also duly corrected and punished according to law; that the defendant, notwithstanding, did erect a tomb or headstone in the churchyard of Carisbrooke, to the memory of her husband, without the consent of the Vicar and without a faculty, and that upon such tomb or headstone were contained, amongst other, the two following inscriptions-"Pray for the soul of J. Woolfrey;" and "It is a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead" (2 Maccabees xii.); both which inscriptions were contrary to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England, and to the articles, canons, and constitutions thereof, and particularly to the 22d Article; that due notice had been given to the defendant to remove the stone, but she had refused, or neglected to do so, and that the same still remains, to the great scandal and offence of the parishioners and others. The prayer was, that the defendant be decreed and monished to remove the stone, be canonically corrected and punished, and condemned in the costs. Dr. Addams, for the defendant, entered into a long argument, and quoted many authorities, to prove that prayers for the dead were neither unscriptural nor contrary to the doctrine or practice of the Church of England, nor necessarily connected with the Romish doctrine of Purgatory. The Queen's Advocate spoke on the other side, and moved the Court to issue a "" peremptory monition" for the removal of the monument. The judgment of the Court was postponed. (Sec Dec. 12.)

20.-Count Nesselrode acquaints Lord Clanricarde that Count Simovich had acted at the Court of the Shah in a manner entitling Great Britain to complain, and that the ambassador had been in consequence recalled.

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A coroner's jury sitting on the body of Robert Watson, who had strangled himself in bed at the "Blue Anchor" tavern, St. Maryat-Hill, ascertain the details of a career of more than ordinary interest. Deceased had been at one time secretary to Lord George Gordon, and was deeply implicated in the

riots of 1780. He afterwards became president for a time to the London Corresponding Society, and on resigning that situation suffered various vicissitudes in foreign countries. Being at Rome in the year 1812, he became acquainted with a person who had in his possession several important documents relating to the Stuart family, and to the secret history of the Papal Government, particularly with respect to its connexion with the exiled royal family. Having made this discovery, Watson communicated it to Lord Castlereagh, who authorized him to procure the documents in question at any price. After much difficulty he succeeded in obtaining them; and a frigate was sent out by the English Government to bring him with the documents to this country. In the meantime, the Papal Government, being apprised of the existence of the documents, seized and set its seal upon them. After much negotiation, the Papal Government consented to give up those portions of the documents that related to the Stuart family and this country, on condition that it should be allowed to retain those papers which referred to its own acts in behalf of the Stuarts. In so far as Watson's death was concerned, the jury returned a verdict of "Temporary derangement."

21.-Riots at Todmorden, caused by the refusal of Overseer Ingham to collect a rate imposed by the guardians under the New Poor Law. The constables who attempted to execute a distress warrant on Ingham were forced to promise to execute no more warrants, and then stripped and beaten.

22. In the Court of Queen's Bench Mr. Disraeli, M. P., appeared to receive sentence for a libel on Mr. Austin, a barrister (see June 5), judgment having gone against him by default. Mr. Disraeli said: "As to my offence against the law, I throw myself on your lordships' mercy; as to my offence against the individual, I have made him that reparation which a gentleman should under the circumstances cheerfully proffer, and with which a gentleman should, in my opinion, be cheerfully content. I make this, my lords, not to avoid the consequences of my conduct; for, right or wrong, good or bad, these consequences I am ever prepared to encounter ; but because I am anxious to soothe the feelings which I have unjustly injured, and evince my respect to the suggestions of the Bench. But as to my offence against the Bar, I do with the utmost confidence appeal to your lordships, however you may disapprove of my opinionshowever objectionable, however offensive, even however odious they may be to you that you will not permit me to be arraigned for one offence and punished for another. In a word, my lords, it is to the Bench I look with confidence to shield me from the vengeance of an irritated and powerful profession." Apology accepted, and prayer for judgment withdrawn."

To-day, the Attorney-General showed cause against a rule for a criminal information

obtained by the Marquis of Blandford against the publisher of the Satirist newspaper. The Marchioness of Blandford and her children were also parties to the application on which the rule was granted. The complaint against the newspaper was for the publication of a libel impugning the legality of the marriage of Lord Blandford, and the legitimacy of his children by that marriage. The libel alleged that the Marquis of Blandford, in 1817, married Miss Susan Adelaide Law, a young lady of seven teen, residing with her father and mother in Seymour-place, Bryanston-square; that he had a daughter by her; and took the mother and his child to Scotland, where Miss Law was introduced to the present Marquis of Breadalbane, Sir William Elliot, and Sir Tyrwhitt Jones, as his wife; that subsequently Lord Blandford married the daughter of the Earl of Galloway, and had children by her-the present Earl of Sunderland, and others, who were illegitimate. The affidavit of Lord Blandford, on which the rule for the criminal information was obtained, denied that there had been any marriage with Miss Law; though the parties had lived together, and 400l. a year had been paid to the lady as an allowance. After consulting with the other judges, Lord Denman said that notwithstanding the misconduct of Lord Blandford, Lady Blandford and the Earl of Sunderland were entitled to have the rule made absolute.

22.-The Common Council of London vote the freedom of the City to be presented in a gold box to the venerable Thomas Clarkson, "as a small but grateful testimonial of the Corporation of London to the public services and worth of one who had the merit of originating, and has the consolation of living to witness, the triumph of the great struggle for the deliverance of the enslaved African from the most oppressive bondage that ever tried the endurance of afflicted humanity, thereby obtaining for his country the high distinction of separating her commercial greatness from principles incompatible with the exercise of the religion of mercy, and achieving a moral victory, whose trophies shall endure while justice, freedom, the clemency of power, and the peaceful glories of civilization shall have a place in the admiration of mankind."

Court-martial assembled at Kingston for trial of Canadian rebels. Nine were sentenced to death, and the others to various periods of banishment.

27.-Count Lobau, Marshal of France, died at Paris, aged 68.

28.-Conference at Birmingham between the "Physical Force" and "Moral Force" Chartists. On the part of the former, Feargas O'Connor explained that his language regarding arming had been misunderstood, and the two parties formally resolved to continue their joint action in favour of the National Petition.

29. Preparatory to the march of the army of the Indus into Affghanistan, the GovernorGeneral makes a ceremonial visit to Runjeet He afterSingh at the camp, Ferozepore. wards accompanied "the Lion of Lahore" to his capital. The Bengal army now at Ferozepore consisted of about 9,500 men of all arms. The levy raised for the immediate service of Shah Soojah was then passing through Ferozepore. It comprised two regiments of cavalry, four regiments of infantry, and a troop of horse artillery; in all about 6,000 men. Runjeet's

troops were to advance on Cabul from Peshawur through the Khyber Pass. As it was designed to deal a blow at the Ameers of Scinde in passing, the Company's troops were to proceed in a south-westerly direction through the territories of Bahwulpore, crossing near Subzulkote the frontier of Scinde, striking down to the banks of the Indus, and crossing the river at Bukkur. It then took a north-westerly course, passing through Shikarpoor, Bhag, and Dadur to the mouth of the Bolan Pass; thence through the Pass to Quettah, and from Quettah through the Kojuck to Candahar. The troops were under the command of Sir John Keane, Commanderin-chief of the forces. The crossing of the army at Bukkur was ineffectually opposed by Meer Roostum.

30.-Queen Pomaré and the chiefs of Tahiti send a letter to Queen Victoria, praying for the assistance and protection of England against the encroachments of French residents on the islands under her sway.

The French Government refusing to raise a blockade which they had laid on the port of Vera Cruz to enforce compensation for injuries said to have been inflicted on French subjects, Mexico makes a declaration of war against that Power.

Lord Durham lands at Plymouth from Quebec. Replying to an address presented next day by the Mayor of Devonport, his lordship said: "What relates to myself is of no importance when compared with the interests of your fellow-subjects, the inhabitants of To the furtherance of British North America. those interests I have publicly and solemnly declared that I would devote myself with singleness of purpose, and independently of all party considerations in this country. I am glad of an opportunity, at the very moment of landing in England, to repeat that pledge. The necessity for this course is well understood by the people of British America, and will, before long, be also comprehended by the people of England; involving as it does the very existence of British supremacy all over the world, and the efficient maintenance or weak abandonment of that national policy which is expressed by the words 'Ships, Colonics, and Commerce."

December 1.-Sir William Molesworth writes to his constituents from Devonport : 'The opinion that I have formed after much

and careful reflection, and the information that I have received within the last few months with regard to Canada, make me believe, that when Lord Durham shall lay his plans before the Houses of Parliament, I for one shall be able to give them my most cordial support, and that all real Liberals will equally be able to rally round the noble lord, and with justice acknowledge him to be their leader."

4.-Fracas in the Tuileries garden between Mr. Somers, M.P., and Mr. Wentworth Beaumont. Mr. Beaumont's counsel stated in the Court of Correctional Police that Mr. Somers had made a demand for money to suppress a letter, and, on receiving a refusal, struck his client with a whip. Mr. Somers was condemned in absence to two years' imprisonment and a fine of 100 francs.

Disturbance at Canton, resulting in the stoppage of all trade. The Chinese authorities declined negotiation until the opium traffic was abolished.

5.-A woman performed penance at the door of Walton Church, by order of the Ecclesiastical Court, for defaming the character of a neighbour.

7.-John Millie, clerk in the Newcastle Savings Bank, found murdered in his office, and Archibald Bolam, actuary of the bank, discovered in the same room, apparently insensible and slightly injured. Bolam, on recovering, sought to fix the crime upon a rough-spoken man who attacked them both, intending to rob the bank; but at the inquest the jury returned a verdict of wilful murder against himself.

12. Sir Herbert Jenner gives judgment in the case of Breeks v. Woolfrey (see Nov. 19). "It appears," said the learned judge, "that the whole question turned upon the point whether praying for the dead was necessarily connected with the Romish doctrine of Purgatory, so as to make them inseparable. It was the doctrine of Purgatory that the Articles of the Church denounced; and beyond the Articles the Court could not go. It was necessary, therefore, to inquire what was the Romish doctrine of Purgatory.' The judge then went into a learned history of the origin and progress of the doctrine; and came to the conclusion that it was not introduced till the year 593, whilst the practice of praying for the dead prevailed at a much earlier period. He quoted the works of Jeremy Taylor, the formula of Henry the Eighth, the Book of Common Prayer promuigated by Edward the Sixth, and other documents, to prove that prayers for the dead had been duly authorized by the Protestant Church of England. There could, therefore, be no doubt that prayers for the dead were not considered as part of the Romish doctrine of Purgatory, by the fathers of the English Reformed Church. It was, however, against that doctrine that the 22d Article, chiefly relied on, was directed. It was urged that the

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35th Article, which set forth certain homilies as containing good and wholesome doctrine, was decisive against prayers for the dead; for the Homily No. 7, it was alleged, designated such prayers as erroneous. But though erroneous, they were not denounced as unlawful; and on this head also he was of opinion, that there had been no violation of the Articles of the Church of England. It was again main. tained, that the words "It is a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead," were not those used in the English version of Maccabees: but then, he considered the main point to be, not whether they were according to the Romish or Protestant version, but whether they were consistent with the latter, and not opposed to the doctrine of the Church. The citation was also defective: it ought to have stated that the tombstone was erected without the consent of the Vicar; and the defendant might have been prepared with an answer to what was a distinct and separate offence. The citation was insufficient to raise that point. On this last head, therefore, the "articles were also inadmissible," and must be dismissed with

costs.

12.-Royal proclamation issued, warning justices that 66 'great numbers of evil-disposed and disorderly persons have lately, in some parts of Great Britain, assembled themselves together after sunset, by torch-light, in large bodies and in a tumultuous manner, with banners, flags, and other ensigns, and have continued so assembled until a late hour of the night, and during the time they were so assembled have by loud shouts and noises, and by the discharge of fire-arms and the display of weapons of offence, greatly alarmed the inhabitants of the neighbourhood of such assemblies, and endangered the public peace."

14. -Sir John Colborne, G. C. B., gazetted as Governor General, Vice Admiral, and Captain-General of all her Majesty's Provinces within and adjacent to the Continent of North America.

15. The Earl of Durham declines to receive a deputation from the Westminster Reform Association, on the ground that the body they represented, as appeared from their public meeting, merely wanted to use the influence of his name for their own ends. Explanations made by the office-bearers of the society led to the address being afterwards forwarded to Lord Durham.

10. Came on in the Court of Queen's Bench, the case of Conroy v. Lawson, a prosecution for a libel which appeared in the Times newspaper of March 9th. The article imputed to "a certain newly-created Baronet, attached to the household of the Duchess of Kent," mismanagement of the concerns of her Royal Highness, who had accumulated a debt of 80,000l., towards the silent discharge of which debt Parliament had voted an annuity of 30,000l. Disrespectful conduct to William IV. was insinuated against the "Baronet ;"

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who, it was said, wished to have been sent Ambassador to Sweden, but the Queen refused to give him the opportunity of exhibiting his 'respectful" manners to the King of Sweden. And then came the two following paragraphs, in which the pith of the offence lay ::-"Should he quit his present position, we ask, where are talents to be found capable of applying a due portion of the 30,000l. to the liquidation of the 80,000l., and who can so well understand wiping off as he who has chalked on? There is another matter also worth notice. There is a certain estate in Wales, purchased and paid for not long ago. If any public inquiry should take place whence the money for the payment came, who so competent to answer the question as the Baronet?" For the defendant, Sir John Campbell said that nothing like fraud was insinuated against Sir John Conroy, and that he ought to have presented himself in court for cross-examination if he wished to exonerate himself from the rumours in circulation. The jury returned a verdict against the defendant, and Lord Denman sentenced him to pay a fine of 2007, and suffer imprisonment for one month.

20.-Meeting in King-street, Manchester, for considering measures to be adopted to secure the total and immediate repeal of the Corn Laws. This was the beginning of the AntiCorn-Law League agitation, the Manchester Chamber of Commerce adopting a petition today against the monopolists.

The second centenary of the famous Assembly of 1638 celebrated at Glasgow by a banquet in the Trades Hall.

26. The Tory party defeated in all the Birmingham wards at the first municipal election under the new charter of incorporation. Mr. William Scholefield was elected the first mayor.

27.-Apprehension, near Manchester, of Stephens, a Wesleyan preacher, and one of the most violent agitators against the New Poor Law. At the examination it was shown that he had repeatedly denounced people by name, and sought to incite the crowds who followed him to acts of destruction. One witness said he told the people to get guns and pikes, and have them ready over their chimney-pieces. When the grand attack was to be made, they were to go to the factories with a dagger in one hand and a torch in the other. He also talked about tarring and feathering one person, and sending him as a present to the Poor Law Commissioners. Stephens was liberated on bail, and soon afterwards addressed a meeting of 5,000 at Ashton-under-Lyne, declaring that with the aid of a rural police the Poor Law Commissioners intended to destroy all children above the number of three born of poor people.

31.-The Polish leader Skrzynezki made a Belgian general, but dismissed at the instance of Austria and Prussia.