de Ville, in the presence of a tumultuous assembly, a majority of the deputies there assembled resolve that the new form of Government to be proposed to the people shall be Republican. Late in the evening the Provisional Government issued its first proclamation : "A retrograde Government has been overturned by the heroism of the people of Paris. This Government has fled, leaving behind it traces of blood which will for ever forbid its return. The blood of the people has flowed, as in July; but happily it has not been shed in vain. It has secured a national and popular Government, in accordance with the rights, the progress, and the will of this great and generous people. A Provisional Government, at the call of the people and some deputies in the sitting of the 24th of February, is for the moment invested with the care of organizing and securing the national victory. It is composed of MM. Dupont (de l'Eure), Lamartine, Crémieux, Arago, Ledru-Rollin, and GarnierPagès. The secretaries to this Government are MM. Armand Marrast, Louis Blanc, and Ferdinand Flocon. These citizens have not hesitated for an instant to accept the patriotic mission which has been imposed on them by the urgency of the occasion. Frenchmen, give to the world the example Paris has given to France. Prepare yourselves, by order and confidence in yourselves, for the institutions which are about to be given to you. The Provisional Government desires a Republic, pending the ratification of the French people, who are to be immediately consulted. Neither the people of Paris nor the Provisional Government desire to substitute their opinions for those of the citizens at large, upon the definite form of government which the national sovereignty shall proclaim. L'unité de la nation, formed henceforth of all classes of the people which compose it; the government of the nation itself; Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for its principles; the people to devise and to maintain order: such is the Democratic Government which France owes to herself, and which our efforts will assure to her. Such are the first acts of the Provisional Government. (Signed) Dupont (de l'Eure), Lamartine, Ledru-Rollin, Bédeau, Michel Goudchaux, Arago, Bethmont, Marie, Carnot, Cavaignac, Garnier-Pagès. The Municipal Guard is disbanded. The protection of the city of Paris is confided to the National Guard, under the orders of M. Courtais." The Provisional Government continued its sitting with little intermission night and day for sixty hours, their deliberations being frequently interrupted and disturbed by the excited mob who thronged the Hôtel de Ville.

25.-Addressing an excited assembly of ultra-Republicans, who demanded that the red flag should be substituted for the tricolor, at the Hôtel de Ville, M. Lamartine said: "Citizens, for my part, I will never adopt the red flag; and I will explain in a word why I will oppose it with all the strength of my

patriotism. It is, citizens, because the tricolored flag has made the tour of the world under the Republic and the Empire, with our liberties and our glories, and that the red flag has only made the tour of the Champ de Mars, trailed through torrents of the blood of the people." The effect was described as electric. Loud cheering and clapping of hands followed the address, and the orator was nearly suffocated by the efforts of the multitude to embrace him.

25.-Numerous adhesions to the Republic. The Bank of France, closed since the 22d, reopened its doors this afternoon. Baron Rothschild also announced his intention to observe all his engagements to the State for the new loan.

Revolution in Paris. The Times surprised its readers with the following telegraphic announcement: "No mail from Paris, the railway stations and barriers being in possession of the people. The rails taken up some distance from Paris to prevent troops from reaching the capital town from the provinces. The loss of life is frightful.-3 A. M. Messengers just returned from Neufchâtel. All communication cut off from Paris. The mail and passengers have returned. Amiens has revolted." most feverish feeling was manifested on the Exchange, a rumour being busily circulated that the French royal family had opened a credit for 150,000l. at Coutts'. The evening sitting of the House of Commons was carried on amid unusual excitement caused by the arrival of telegrams describing from hour to hour the progress of the revolt.

vaez.

The

Outbreak in Madrid, suppressed by Nar

66

The

26. The Republic officially proclaimed at the Hôtel de Ville. M. Lamartine, attended by the other members of the Provisional Government, descended the steps of the great staircase, and thus addressed the vast assem blage : Citizens, the Provisional Government of the Republic has called upon the people to witness its gratitude for the magnificent national co-operation which has just accepted these new institutions. The Provisional Government of the Republic has only joyful intelligence to announce to the people here assembled. Royalty is abolished. Republic is proclaimed. The people will exercise their political rights. National workshops are open for those who are without work. The army is being reorganized. The National Guard indissolubly unites itself with the people, so as to promptly restore order with the same hand that had only the preceding moment conquered our liberty. Finally, citizens, the Provisional Government was anxious to be itself the bearer to you of the last decree it has resolved on and signed in this memorable sitting; that is, the abolition of the penalty of death for political matters. This is the noblest decree, citizens, that has ever issued from the mouths of a people the day after their victory.

It is the character of the French nation which escapes in one spontaneous cry from the soul of its Government. We have brought it with us, and I will now read it to you. There is not a more becoming homage to a people than the spectacle of its own magnanimity."

27.-Inauguration of the French Republic round the Column of July. M. Arago formally announced the change of government, and was followed by the aged M. Dupont de l'Eure.

- M. Lamartine, in his capacity of Minister for Foreign Affairs, addresses a note to ambassadors in Paris announcing that the leaders of the new Government had neither changed the place of France in Europe nor her loyal and sincere disposition to maintain relations of good harmony with the Powers who desire, like herself, the independence of nations and the peace of the world. Foreign Ambassadors resolved on remaining at their posts till further instructed by their respective Governments.

The

28.-Lord John Russell announces that this country will not interfere in any way with the internal affairs of France.

29. In compliance with a demand made by his subjects, the Grand Duke of Baden consents to liberty of the press, trial by jury, and establishment of a National Guard.

The Canton of Neufchâtel declares itself independent of Prussia.

March 1.-Lord Palmerston announces, in the House of Commons, that Great Britain had officially recognised the French Provisional Government. His lordship afterwards spoke five hours in reply to Mr. Anstey's motion impeaching his foreign policy. He apologised to the House for detaining it with a discussion on transactions twenty years old, at a time when events of overwhelming interest were succeeding each other with unexampled rapidity. The topics to which Mr. Anstey had called the attention of the House were forty in number, had been the subject of 139 discussions in Parliament, and were contained in a correspondence filling 2,775 folio volumes of official papers. It would not (he said) be consistent with his duty to lay before the House the secret papers for which Mr. Anstey moved; but if the House should think it right to appoint a secret committee to look into all those transactions, he had no objection whatever. Lord Palmerston then proceeded to deny the truth of all the charges which Mr. Anstey had preferred against him, and vindicated himself from the insinuations, taunts, and accusations of Mr. Anstey and Mr. Urquhart. England, he said, should have neither eternal friendships nor eternal enmities. She should continue moderate and just, and avoid being the Quixote of nations. He adopted the expression of Mr. Canning, that the interest of England is ever the shibboleth of peace.

2. The Duchess of Orleans and her two children arrive at Ems, in Prussia.

2. The Grand Duke of Baden consents to the demand of his people, and dismisses his obnoxious Ministers.

A correspondent of the Standard, writing from Folkestone, says: "Prince Louis Napoleon and General Houdetot arrived here by steamer this morning. The Prince told me, that on his arrival in the French capital he placed himself in communication with the members of the Provisional Government, and offered his services should they be needed in the then existing crisis; but that he had been requested, in consequence of the disordered state of public affairs, to retire from France for a short time."

Edward Rixon, keeper of the Gallery of the Society of British Artists, sentenced to one year's imprisonment with hard labour, for embezzling sums of money paid to him by prizeholders in the Art Union.

3.-The Duc d'Aumale and the Prince de Joinville quit Algiers for Gibraltar.

Disturbance at Cologne, on the occasion of the people demanding a redress of grievances. The military were called out, and the streets cleared with difficulty.

M. Guizot arrives in England.

4. The French Provisional Government fix the convocation of the electoral assemblies for the 9th of April, and the meeting of the Constitutional Assembly for the 20th. The following principles were adopted:-1. The National Assembly shall decree the Constitution. 2. The election shall have population for its basis. 3. The representatives of the people shall amount to 900 in number. 4. The suffrage shall be direct and universal, without any limitation as to property. 5. All Frenchmen of the age of 21 years shall be electors. 6. The ballot shall be secret.

The United Irishman, the Dublin organ of the Young Ireland party, instructs the people thus: Above all, let the man amongst you who has no gun sell his garment to buy one. Every street is an excellent shootinggallery for disciplined troops; but it is a better defile in which to take them. In the vocabulary of drilling is no such phrase as 'Infantry, prepare for window-pots, brickbats, logs of wood, chimney-pieces, heavy furniture, light pokers, &c.,' and these thrown vertically on the heads of a column below, from the ele. vation of a parapet or top storey, are irresistible. The propelling forces-viz. ladies, or chambermaids, or men who can do no better -have the additional advantage of security; and the narrower the street, and the higher the houses, the worse the damage and the greater the security." To such missiles as broken glass, for maiming the horses' feet, "revolutionary citizens add always boiling water or grease, or, better, cold vitriol if available. Molten lead is good, but too valuable; it should be always cast in bullets, and allowed to cool. The house-tops and spouts furnish

in every city abundance; but care should be taken, as they do in Paris, to run the balls solid. You cannot calculate on a hollow ball, and that might be the very one selected to shoot a field-officer." In the same number the following sentiments were expressed reto Paris: garding John O'Connell's visit

Let no man in France dream for one instant that this dastard, this born slave and beggar, represents Ireland, or is in any manner authorized to offer Ireland's arm in war to any nation, least of all to England. In the name of our country, we disavow the scandalous negotiator. It was not in Ireland's name that two weeks ago he sent round amongst those Parisians a dead man's hat-a posthumous begging-box-to crave alms for his country. It is not in Ireland's name he now dares to blaspheme the sacrificial blood poured out for freedom and for right. Ireland spurns him, and will yet curse the very name he bears. He is not fit to untie the latchet of the meanest citizen-soldier in Paris."

4.-Insurrection at Munich, and capture of the arsenal by the people. On the King yielding to their demands, the arms seized were restored, and the people dispersed in quiet

ness.

The funeral honours decreed by the Republic to the citizens slain in the late conflicts celebrated in Paris. The spectacle consisted of a procession from the Hôtel de Ville to the Madeleine, a performance of funeral rites at that church, a procession to the Place de la Bastille, and an interment of the dead in the vaults bencath the Column of July. The population turned out in myriads to witness the procession, which was partly composed of liberated political offenders and citizens wounded during the recent encounters. As the clergy of the Madeleine approached certain stations the Marseillaise was sung-the verses by female voices and the choruses by men-and the crowd uncovered till the cars containing the coffins passed.

6. Disorderly gathering in Trafalgar-square, occasioned by a proposal to hold an open-air meeting there on the subject of the income

tax.

A small detachment of the A division of police was sent to break up and disperse the mob, but they met with vigorous resistance, and were ultimately compelled to retire to Scotland-yard. A body of 500 was thereafter sent out, which separated the mob into sections, and took the most mischievous of the leaders into custody. Shortly after six o'clock the police were withdrawn, but groups of noisy people continued to keep possession of the square; about eight o'clock it was found that their numbers were rapidly increasing and their conduct more threatening. The palisades around the Nelson column were taken down, and several of the public lamps destroyed. The police were again brought out in great force, and some sharp skirmishing took place, but the mob were ultimately driven back at every point. About

nine o'clock a youth in epaulettes, with a disorderly following of over 200, dashed through Pall Mall to St. James's Park; a good many windows, and also one of the large lamps at Buckingham Palace, were broken by this detachment. By midnight the city was in its usual state of order and quiet.

6.-Rlot and loss of life in Glasgow. Under the pretence that they were starving and had been refused employment, a large mob collected on the Green early in the day, and afterwards passed through Argyll-street, Buchananstreet, and Jamaica-street, to the south side of the city, breaking into several shops where they thought arms or more valuable plunder could be secured. The ordinary police force was quite unable to cope with the outbreak, and some delay unfortunately occurred before either infantry or cavalry could be brought to disperse the plundering mob. Emboldened by their success, and with the view of giving a political colour to their organized attack upon the peace and wealth of the city, the thieves attempted next day to stop certain mills at Bridgeton. After due warning they were here fired upon by a company of pensioners belonging to the city, and two or three of them killed. Baffled in their first design and excited with rage, the mob placed one of the bodies on a shutter and bore it through the streets, shouting "Murder" and "Vive la Republique." Detachments of the 3d Royal Irish Dragoons, with the Ist Royals and 71st Regiments, were now brought into the town, and their presence alone caused the riotous gatherings to melt away. military bivouacked in the streets for the night, but their active interference was not necessary. Riots of a similar character, but on a smaller scale and unattended with loss of life, took place in Edinburgh, Liverpool, and some other

towns.

The

The tubular bridge over the Conway Straits floated to its position between the abut

ments.

7.-Arrival at Portsmouth of large numbers of English workmen expelled from France. 8. The Elector of Hesse-Cassel concedes the reforms demanded by the people.

Second Exhibition of British Manufactures opened at the Society of Arts, Adelphi.

10. In the course of a discussion in Committee on Ways and Means, Mr. Disraeli, replying to Mr. Wilson of the Board of Trade, denied the success of Sir Robert Peel's commercial policy. He, "a Freetrader but not a freebooter" of the Manchester school, warned Mr. Cobden and Mr. Bright, the representatives of peace and plenty who preached to a starving world in arms, not to venture on middle-class legislation against realized property.

Complaint having been made by the French Provisional Government of the extreme kindness and regard shown by Great Britain towards the ex-royal family, Lord Palmerston writes to-day that the attention shown to the

King and his Ministers was mere hospitality suitable to the occasion."

10.-Confirmation of Dr. R. Bird Sumner Archbishop of Canterbury, in Bow Church.

11.-Report on the state of the national finances of France issued by M. Garnier-Pagès, Provisional Minister of Finance. The debt was set down at 5, 179,644,730 francs, showing an increase of 912,329,328 francs in seven years. The Government decreed the sale of the Crown diamonds, the coining of the plate into money bearing a figure of Liberty, and the alienation of State forests to the extent of 100,000,000 francs.

12.-A colossal bust of Liberty carried by sculptors through Paris, and blessed by a priest.

13. Mr. Hume's amendment on the Government proposal, limiting the income-tax to one year, lost by a majority of 225.

Monster meeting at Berlin to petition the King that the reform granted to other countries might be conceded to Prussia. The assembly was of a highly tumultuous character, and before it was dissolved several people were shot by the soldiers.

M. Ledru-Rollin, Minister of the Interior in the New Provisional Government, issues a circular to the Local Commissioners showing them how to control the ensuing elections. "Cause," he writes, "in all points of your department the meeting of electoral committees, examine closely the qualification of the candidates, and stop only at those who appear to present the strongest guarantee of republican opinion and the greatest chance of success. No compromises; no complaisance. Let the day of election be the triumph of the Revolution." The circular was so unconstitutional in character that it was at once repudiated by his colleagues.

Chartist demonstration on Kennington Common. In anticipation of a disturbance a strong police force was posted in the neighbourhood, but its services were not required, the people dispersing in quietness earlier than was anticipated under the influence of heavy rain. Mr. Ernest Jones entreated his hearers not to "fear the vile men of the law, the police, the troops who sympathise with you, or the shopkeeping specials' who turn pale at a crowd of three boys deliberating over an orange. Down with the Ministry; dissolve the Parliament; the Charter, and no surrender."

said the Archduke Louis, irritated at one of the requests made by a deputation of students, "tell me who governs here, I, or the gentlemen at the University?" Dr. Schilling promptly replied: "Up to this hour your Imperial High

ness has governed, that is certain; but who will govern an hour hence nobody can tell." Next morning the vacillating old Emperor issued a decree abolishing the censorship of the press and establishing a National Guard. 14. The Chinese junk Keying arrives at Jersey from Boston in twenty-one days.

The Pope issues a proclamation announcing the grant of a new Constitution, giving his people, among other benefits, a representative system, not merely consultative, but delibera

tive.

15.-Run on the Bank of France, leading to the suspension of cash payments, and a serious commercial panic, in which many old houses close their doors. Gouin and Co., Baudon and Co., and Gaunaron and Co., the three principal joint-stock bankers in Paris, were among those forced to suspend.

16.-Rupture of diplomatic relations with Spain. Lord Palmerston to Sir Henry LyttonBulwer, British Minister at Madrid :-"I have to instruct you to recommend earnestly to the Spanish Government and to the Queen-Mother, if you have an opportunity of doing so, the adoption of a legal and constitutional course of government in Spain. The recent downfall of the King of the French and of his family, and the expulsion of his Ministers, ought to indicate to the Spanish Court and Government the danger to which they expose themselves in endeavouring to govern a country in a manner opposed to the sentiments and opinions of the nation; and the catastrophe which has just occurred in France is sufficient to show that even a numerous and well-disciplined army offers only an insufficient defence of the Crown, when the system followed by it is not in harmony with the general system of the country. The Queen of Spain would act wisely, in the present critical state of affairs, if she were to strengthen her Executive Government by widening the basis on which the Administration reposes, and in calling to her councils some of, the men in whom the Liberal party place con: fidence. "" Sir Henry not only communicated the terms of this despatch to Queen Christina and the Duc de Sotomayor, but caused publication of it to be made in some of the Opposition journals. The head of the Ministry promptly replied: "The Cabinet cannot see without the most extreme surprise the extraordinary pretensions of Lord Palmerston to interfere with the internal affairs of Spain, and to support himself on inexact and equivocal data, the qualification and appreciation of which cannot in any case come within his province. Animated by sentiments suitable to Spanish dignity and to every Government which respects itself, the Cabinet of her Catholic Majesty cannot avoid protesting in the most energetic manner against the despatches of Lord Palmerston and of your Excellency; and considering that it cannot retain them without being wanting in dignity, it returns them enclosed, and at the same time declares that if your Excel

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