gineer. While amusing the children of a friend by seeming to pass a half-sovereign into his mouth and out at his ear, it suddenly slipped, and became lodged in the trachea. Various efforts we' nade to extract it, but they proved unavailing, and surgical aid was called in. Various consultations took place among the most eminent professional men, and an apparatus was constructed for inverting the body of the patient in order that the weight of the coin might assist the natural effort to expel it by coughing. The first attempt in this way failed, but to-day, on being again inverted, Mr. Brunel felt the coin quit its place on the right side of the chest, and in a few seconds it dropped from his mouth, without causing distress or even inconvenience.

15.-Given at the Court of St. James's, her Majesty's letter to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. "The faith of our Crown," it went on, "is pledged to uphold you in the full enjoyment of every privilege which you can justly claim; but you will bear in mind that the rights and property of an Established Church are conferred by law; it is by law that the Church of Scotland is united with the State, and that her endowments are secured; and the ministers of religion, claiming the sanction of law in defence of their privileges, are specially bound by their sacred calling to be examples of obedience. The Act ratifying the Confession of Faith, and settling Presbyterian Church government in Scotland, was adopted at the Union, and is now the Act of the British Parliament. The settlement thus fixed cannot be annulled by the will or declaration of any number of individuals. Those who are dissatisfied with the terms of this settlement may renounce it for themselves, but the union of the Church of Scotland with the State is indissoluble, while statutes remain unaffected which recognise the Presbyterian Church as the Church established by law within the kingdom of Scotland." The document was signed by Sir James Graham.

18. Mr. Roebuck's motion in favour of secular education, rejected by 156 to 60 votes.

Disruption in the Church of Scotland. To-day the anxiously anticipated Assembly commenced its sittings in Edinburgh. Shortly before I o'clock Divine service was commenced in the High Church, and a sermon preached by Dr. Welsh, the retiring Moderator, who took for his text the words, "Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind.' On the conclusion of the services the Assembly adjourned to St. Andrew's Church, fitted up as a temporary Hall of Assembly. The retiring Moderator took the chair about 3 o'clock. Soon afterwards the Lord High Commissioner, the Marquis of Bute, was announced, and the whole assemblage received him standing. Prayer was then offered up. On the members resuming their seats, Dr. Welsh rose. "By the eager pressure forward," writes the historian of the "Ten Years' Conflict," who was present, "the Hush! hush!' that burst from

so many lips-the anxiety to hear threatened to defeat itself. The disturbance lasted but a moment. 'Fathers and brethren,' said Dr. Welsh-and now every syllable fell upon the ear amid the breathless silence which prevailed-' according to the usual form of procedure, this is the time for making up the roll. But, in consequence of certain proceedings affecting our rights and privileges, proceedings which have been sanctioned by her Majesty's Government, and by the Legislature of the country; and more especially in respect that there has been an infringement on the liberties of our constitution, so that we could not now constitute this Court without a violation of the terms of the union between Church and State in this land, as now authoritatively declared, I must protest against our proceeding further. The reasons that have led me to come to this conclusion are fully set forth in the document which I hold in my hand, and which, with permission of the house, I will now proceed to read.' After a full narration of the rejection of the Claim of Right by the Legislature, and the coercion exercised by the civil courts, the protest concluded: We protest that in the cir cumstances in which we are placed, it is and shall be lawful for us, and such other Commissioners chosen to the Assembly appointed to have been this day holden as may concur with us, to withdraw to a separate place of meeting for the purpose of taking steps along with all who adhere to us-maintaining with us the confession of faith and standards of the Church of Scotland, for separating in an orderly way from the Establishment, and thereupon adopting such measures as may be competent to us, in humble dependence on God's grace, and the aid of the Holy Spirit, for the advancement of His glory, the extension of the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour, and the administration of the affairs of Christ's house according to His holy Word; and we now withdraw accordingly, humbly and solemnly acknowledging the hand of the Lord in the things which have come upon us, because of our manifold sins, and the sins of the Church and nation; but, at the same time, with assured conviction that we are not responsible for any consequences that may follow from this our enforced separation from an establishment which we loved and prized, through interference with conscience, the dishonour done to Christ's crown, and the rejection of His sole and supreme authority as King in His Church.' Having finished the reading of this protest, Dr. Welsh laid it upon the table, turned and bowed respectfully to the Commissioner, left the chair, and proceeded along the aisle to the door of the church. Dr. Chalmers had been standing immediately on his left. He looked vacant and abstracted while the protest was being read; but Dr. Welsh's movement awakened him from his reverie. Seizing eagerly upon his hat, he hurried after him with all the air of one impatient to be gone. Mr. Campbell of Monzie, Dr. Gordon, Dr. Macdonald, and Dr. Macfarlane followed him." The effect upon the audience

was overwhelming. A loud cheer burst from the gallery, which, however, was suddenly hushed, and the whole audience stood gazing intently on the scene below, while the members of Assembly who remained also looked on in silence, as seat after seat became vacant. Whenever the leaders of the movement made their appearance outside they were received with bursts of applause from the masses assembled in George-street, and which were continued and reiterated with enthusiasm as they marched through the streets leading to Tanfield Hall, Canon-mills. The procession consisted of about 1,000 persons, walking four abreast. At Tanfield the new Free Assembly was formally constituted, and Dr. Chalmers elected Moderator amid the most enthusiastic displays of feeling. Speaking of their new position, Dr. Chalmers said they hoped henceforward to prosecute their labours in peace, on the ground of British toleration. They were neither Voluntaries nor Anarchists: they quitted a vitiated Establishment, but would rejoice in returning to a pure one: they were advocates of a national recognition and support of religion. In the old Assembly, Principal Macfarlane of Glasgow was elected Moderator. The ten years' conflict thus ended in the separation of the contending parties. On the 22d the sentence of deposition formerly pronounced against the Strathbogie ministers was declared by the old Assembly to be of no effect, by a majority of 148 to 33. The minority in this case urged that though the original sentence was harsh, and possibly unnecessary, yet having been pronounced by a competent court it ought to have been more observed than it was. The Assembly, taking into consideration the Protest and Deed of Demission, found that the ministers who attached their names to the Protest "had ceased, by their own act, to be ministers of the Church of Scotland; that their several churches have become vacant, and that they are disqualified for receiving any presentation or appointment to a parochial or other spiritual charge in the Church as by law established, unless reponed by the competent ecclesiastical judicatories, and that the subscribing elders are no longer elders in any of the parishes or sessions connected with the Establishment." Presbyteries were instructed to intimate the vacancies without delay to patrons and those entitled to nominate. "In respect that there are ministers and elders, not members of Assembly, who have adhered to the Protest and subscribed one of the same import, Presbyteries are instructed to meet to ascertain if any of their members have so done; and on their acknowledging such signatures, or not appearing when cited to answer for it, steps to be taken as above for declaring their churches vacant, and supplying their piaces." On the same day it was unanimously resolved that the Veto Act passed in 1834, having infringed on civil and patrimonial rights, was ultra vires of the Assembly. The Free Assembly sat till 30th May, the time being mostly occupied with discussions relating to the fabric of their constitution. Up

to that date the total number of ministers who signed the Protest was 444; of these 139 filled quoad sacra charges. The Act of Separatior was agreed to on the 23d, the signing o the document occupying about four hours. It solemnly renounced for its subscribers the status, privileges, and emoluments derived from the Establishment; reserving to ministers, however, the right to act as pastors of particular congregations or portions thereof adhering to them, with the rights and benefits accruing from the Ministers' Widows' Fund; and disavowing the renunciation of churches built by private It contribution and not endowed by the State. contained also the order, that the Act of Separation should be transmitted to the Moderator of "the Ecclesiastical Judicatory by law established."

20.-Lady Jane Colville burnt to death in her own drawing-room, Rosslyn House, Hampstead, by her dress coming in contact with a taper placed on the floor for convenience.

21.-Dr. Pusey preaches a sermon in Christ Church, Oxford, in which he was alleged to have avowed a belief in the Romish doctrine of Transubstantiation. Vice-Chancellor Wynter demanded a copy of the sermon for examination by a Board of Heresy. A decision was given adverse to Dr. Pusey, and he was sentenced to be suspended from preaching before the University for two years. No reason was assigned for this decision.

22.-The Government Bill regulating the admission of Canadian corn into the ports of Great Britain, read a second time in the House of Commons by a majority of 344 to 156 votes. The Townshend Peerage Bill passes the House of Lords.

The Commissioners appointed to inquire into the frauds carried on in the Inland Revenue department complete their report to Parliament. They had received specific information regarding the following frauds :-1. The granting of false certificates by the export-officers, permitting the export of one article under the name of another; as in the case of machinery, the exportation of which is prohibited. 2. Granting a false certificate of the quality, or of the existence of goods for exportation, to obtain an amount of drawback-duty far exceed. ing what is legally due, or a drawback for an imaginary exportation of articles which are not exported. 3. The "dummy system, or the substitution of a package of low-duty goods for a package of high-duty goods. 4. The negligent or wilful under-valuation of goods, where they are subject to ad valorem duties; and the dishonest or careless and faulty enumeration of the goods, where their amount is to be stated. 5. The improper computation of tare in packages. 6. A complicated method of undervaluing goods. The landing-waiter entered an account of the goods in his "rough book ;" the goods were permitted to pass under the inspection of the landing-surveyor, which was

at

even invited if they were actually examined by the superior officers, no fraud was tempted; but if they passed without hindrance, the entry in the rough book was obliterated, and a false entry was made in the "blue book of the landing-waiter; the importer paid a duty tallying with the entry in the blue book; and thus the whole transaction acquired an appearance of correctness. 7. The removal of leaves from the landing-waiter's blue book, and the substitution of others, with fraudulent entries; as described by Mr. Burnby at the recent trials. 8. The obliteration of the entry in the blue book by a chemical process, and the substitution of fraudulent entries.

23.-Lord Ffrench, having intimated an intention to be present at certain Repeal meetings, was this day removed from the commission of the peace for Galway. O'Connell, who was removed from the Kerry Commission on the 25th, threatened to impeach the Lord Chancellor in the new Irish Parliament-an event in his

judgment not remote. Smith O'Brien resigned his commission for Limerick and Clare.

24. The will of Richard Arkwright, son of the inventor of the spinning-jenny, proved in the Prerogative Court. His heir came into the

possession of about 8,000,000l.

25. Mr. Christie's bill for the abolition of certain oaths and subscriptions at the Universities, negatived by 175 votes to 105.

28.-Died at New Haven, United States, aged 84, W. S. Noah Webster, LL.D., lexicographer.

29. In the Established Assembly Dr. Simpson reads an answer to the Protest which had been drawn up by a committee appointed for the purpose. The answer generally denied the allegations in the Protest, holding that the Church courts, and not the Civil courts, had gone beyond their jurisdiction; and that on the whole there was no valid or sufficient ground in the Protest for the secession from the Establishment, in which when they got their licence they were solemnly sworn not to follow devisive

courses.

30.-Orange riots at Carlow, Tyrone. Thirty houses gutted in the presence of the police.

The Purchase of Arms (Ireland) Bill read a second time in the Commons, after a debate on the present threatening condition of that country.

June 2.-Dr. Pusey writes to the ViceChancellor, protesting against his suspension for two years, as an act unstatutable as well as unjust. "I have ground to think," he says, "that as no propositions out of my sermon have been exhibited to me as at variance with the doctrines of the Church, so neither can they, but that I have been condemned either on a mistaken construction of my words, founded on the doctrinal opinion of my judges, or on

grounds distinct from the formularies of the Church." Dr. Pusey further intimated that he had the Vice-Chancellor's full authority for saying that he had not been heard. An address, numerously signed by resident members of Convocation and Bachelors of Civil Law, was presented to the Vice-Chancellor, requesting him to make known the grounds on which the sentence on Dr. Pusey was passed, that they might know what statements of doctrine it was intended "to mark as dissonant from or contrary to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England as publicly received." The Vice-Chancellor still refused to assign any reasons.

2.-Lord Dudley Stuart assaulted by a Polish refugee of bad character, when entering the rooms of the Polish Literary Institution.

3.-B. T. Nyman, from America, delivers a lecture on mesmerism at the London Mechanics' Institution, and produces numerous practical illustrations.

6. The Duke of Sutherland writes to the Right Hon. Fox Maule: "I dislike religious persecution, and I trust that I shall always be an opposer of measures tending to it or intolerance. I cannot but think, however, that such are at present directed against the Establishment, and that if, as a proprietor, I were to grant sites for building for the purpose of oppos ing the ministration, to do which a desperate spirit has been evinced, I should not only acquiesce in, but even sanction and encourage it, and this I should consider very wrong.

8.-Monster Repeal meeting at Kilkenny. Almost the entire male population of that county, with portions from Tipperary, Carlow, Wexford, Waterford, and Queen's County, are said to have been present: 300,000 was the estimated number, 12,000 of whom were horsemen. The Agitator made a long address. "The Irish Parliament,' he concluded, "is not dead, it is only sleeping, and here am I sounding the trumpet of her resurrection." His most exciting speech was reserved for the dinner-table, "Peel and Wellington," he said, "may be second Cromwells. ("Hear!" and hisses.) They may get his blunted truncheon, and they may, O sacred Heaven! enact on the fair occupants of that gallery (pointing to the ladies' gallery) the murder of the Wexford ladies. ("Oh, oh!") But I am wrong, they never shall. (Tremendous cheering and waving of handkerchiefs.) What alarms me is the progress of injustice. That ruffianly Saxon paper, the Times-(loud groans) the number received by me this day, presumes to threaten us with such a fate. ("Oh, oh!") But let it not be supposed that I made that appeal to the ladies as a flight of my imagination. ("Hear, hear!") No, the number of 300 ladies, the beauty and loveliness of Wexford, the young and old, the maid and the matron, when Cromwell entered the town by treachery-300 inoffensive women, of all ages and classes, were collected round the cross of Christ, erected in a part of the town called the

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Bull Ring: they prayed to Heaven for mercy, and I hope they found it; they prayed to the English for humanity, and Cromwell slaughtered them. ("Oh, oh!" and great sensation.) I tell you this, 300 of the grace and beauty and virtue of Wexford were slaughtered by the English ruffians-sacred Heaven! (Tremendous sensation, and cries of "Oh, oh!") I am not at all imaginative when I talk of the possibility of such occurrences anew; but yet I assert there is no danger of the women, for the men of Ireland would die to the last in their defence. (Here the entire company rose and cheered for several minutes.) We were a paltry remnant then, we are millions now." (Renewed cheering.)

9. Samuel Mayer examined at the Home Office for the offence of sending a letter to Sir James Graham, volunteering "to risk his life against Mr. O'Connell's, as ordered." he might be He now disavowed all evil intention towards the Agitator, and stated that the letter was the result of a drunken freak. He was bound over to appear at the Central Criminal Court when called upon.

10.-Disturbance at Carmarthen by "Rebecca and her Daughters.' through the town about 1,000 strong, took They marched possession of the workhouse, and remained till the afternoon, when they were broken up by a troop of dragoons sent from Cardiff, and eighty of them taken prisoners. Their list of grievances embraced the removal of all the turnpikegates in the county, the abolition of tithes, and rent-charge in lieu of tithe, the total abolition of the present Poor-law and of church-rates. The following evening another mob assembled at Mydrim, Rebecca being on horseback in female attire. They called at the public-houses of the place, cleared the cellars of the ale, and about 10 o'clock set out for St. Clears; there they demolished the turnpike-gate, and obtained through intimidation sums of money at different houses. This destruction of turnpike-gates by bands of disguised Rebeccaites continued for months to be an almost nightly occurrence in different parts of South Wales. At the time of the outbreak there were between 100 and 150 gates, including side-bars and chains, in the county of Carmarthen; nearly half of these were destroyed, and in places where they were renewed the toll-house was gencrally destroyed along with the gate. Two or three sharp encounters took place with the authorities, but their familiarity with the district generally enabled the rioters to elude their pursuers. Their name was presumed to be derived from a preposterous application of a passage in the Book of Genesis, "And they blessed Rebekah, and said unto her, Let thy seed possess the gate of those which hate them."

13. The Earl of Aberdeen's Bill for removing doubts respecting the admission of Ministers into benefices in Scotland, read a (136)

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second time in the House of Lords. The bill, he explained, was similar in language and intention to the one introduced in 1840.

13.-An Anti-Slavery Convention, under the presidency of Mr. S. Gurney, commences its sittings in Freemasons' Hall.' On one of the days of meeting a Free Trade, motion approving of the admission of Brazilian sugar as a necessary act of justice to all parties was negatived by a large majority.

14. In consequence of the dissatisfaction caused by the confiscation of ecclesiastical property in Spain, a disturbance breaks out in Barcelona, and the regency of Espartero is seriously imperilled.

15. In the case of Sanders v. Head (clerk in orders), the defendant, charged with publishing remarks derogatory to the Book of Common Prayer, was sentenced to-day in the Arches Court to be suspended for two years, and admonished.

further conciliatory measures. Unless the fatal day had come, however, when such dangerous concessions were to be made, he must think the withdrawal of legal precautions against the use of fire-arms madness.

17.

The Free Church of Scotland issues a Pastoral Address, explanatory of their position, appealing to the people as the true Church of their fathers, -the Church which holds the principles that they held, which bears the testimony that they bore, and which is now suffering in the cause of that great truth for which they suffered. The Pastoral of the Established Church referred in these terms to the secession: "Towards our brethren who have gone out from us, it is our earnest desire to let brotherly love continue. We cannot admit that the course which they have followed is one to which they have been impelled by an irresistible necessity; but such appears to be their deliberate conviction, and we give them credit for their sincerity.. Earnestly as we desire that you may be established in the present truth, we trust that you will be on your guard against all animosity and unbecoming vehemence in the discussion of questions which are apt to engender angry strife. We do not apprehend that you will fail to observe the courtesies of life in all your intercourse with those who have renounced our communion. We trust that you will cherish towards them the most cordial kindness. 'Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil speaking, be put away from you, with all malice.' If you should ever be assailed with reviling, revile not again."

An attempt to execute a warrant produces a disastrous war with the natives of New Zealand, which was renewed at intervals, till 1845.

18. Died at St. Petersburg, aged 87, FieldMarshal Count Wittgenstein, Commander-inchief of the Russian army during the greater part of the French war.

19.-Inauguration of the memorial erected "in reverence of the memory" of John Hampden, on Chalgrove Field.

Testimonial of silver plate subscribed for by lovers of the national drama, presented to Mr. Macready by his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge.

The Judges assemble in the House of Lords to deliver their opinions on the questions submitted to them with reference to criminals insane or reputed insane. On the fourth question, If a person under an insane delusion as to existing facts commits an offence in consequence thereof, is he thereby excused? the Judges were unanimously of opinion that the party accused was equally liable with a person of sane mind. If the accused killed another in self-defence, he would be entitled to an acquittal; but if committed for any supposed injury, he would then be liable to the punishment awarded by the law to his crime.

19. In an adjourned debate on the Irish Arms Bill, Mr. Lane Fox declared that our Protestant Constitution was as much the law of God as that delivered to the Israelites from Mount Sinai; and his opinion was, that the time had arrived pointed out by Christ, when the sword must be drawn in defence of the Church. The time had now come when he that had no sword must sell his garment to buy one. To show that it was with the Roman power that the Church of England had to war, he must go back to the French Revolution. (Laughter.) France was an emanation from the Roman power, when she shook off Christianity altogether; and it was to Rome that Israel was in subjection when the Saviour came. The Emperor of the French was the seventh head from Rome. (Loud laughter.) He acknowledged Mars as a god-(laughter)and a mighty god he found him, for he left him in the lurch at last. (Great laughter.) If the Reformation was not of God, the Church of England rested on a very slender foundation: if it was, the admission of Roman Catholics to seats in that House could not be justified by any Jesuitical arguments whatever. (Continued laughter.) After some more remarks in the same strain, Mr. Fox stated his belief, that Rome was now more terrible than she ever was since the days of the old she-wolf the wet-nurse of Romulus and Remus. (Roars of laughter.) Lord Eldon said, that when Catholic Emancipation was passed, England's sun would set. That Act was the abomination of modern legislation; but "Elias, who must come and restore all things, could not be far off. (Great laughter and confusion, amidst which Mr. Fox resumed his seat.)-In the course of this debate Lord John Russell urged upon Ministers the necessity of re-entering into diplomatic relations with the Court of Rome, not with the immediate view of pacifying Ireland, but as a measure of permanent advan tage to this country.

20.-Audubon, writing from 110 miles above Fort Union," informs Dr. Bachman of his discovery there of a new quadruped of the kangaroo species.

21. In the Court of Common Pleas the jury return a verdict in favour of the Duke of Brunswick and others, charged with conspiracy in so far as they had hired people to hiss Gregory of the Satirist when he appeared as an actor at Covent Garden Theatre. days afterwards Gregory was convicted of a series of libels on the Duke insinuating that he was the murderer of Eliza Grimwood. (See May 26, 1838.)

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22.-In Committee on the Sugar Duties, Mr. Cobden moved as an amendment: "It is not expedient that, in addition to the great expense to which the people of this country are subjected for the civil, military, and naval establishments of the Colonies, they should be compelled to pay a higher price for the pro