ment of her Scottish subjects; but the devotion and enthusiasm evinced in every quarter, and by all ranks, have produced an impression on the mind of her Majesty which can never be effaced."

1. The French admiral, Dupetit-Thouars, occupies the island of Tahiti.

4.-The King of Prussia lays the foundationstone of the new transept in Cologne Cathedral.

Correspondence of the Duke of Cleveland with the Anti-Corn Law League. In answer to certain statements alleged to have been made by his Grace to the tenantry at Raby Castle, the Chairman of the League (Mr. George Wilson) forwarded several documents with the view of convincing the Duke that he was in error. His Grace wrote to-day, that the statement in dispute was made in his own residence, at a private gathering of his own tenantry, and that for a stranger to write to him in a public capacity, venturing to lecture him on his private opinion, was "a kind of impertinence which I treat with that contempt it deserves." Mr. Wilson replied, regretting the unfriendly spirit shown by his Grace; and the League at once despatched Mr. Acland to enlighten the Raby tenantry as to the real nature and extent of the taxes on land. Acknowledging receipt of the lecturer's intimation of his arrival at Staindrop, the Duke taunted Mr. Acland with being a hired instrument, and declared that such interference was unjustifiable, reprehensible, and impertinent in the highest degree. "Your Grace," Mr. Acland replied, "is pleased to taunt me with being the 'hired instrument' of the League. It is true that I am so ; but I am far from considering that circumstance disgraceful; on the contrary, I glory in my occupation. It is of my free will that I battle against the corruptions of monopoly; and it is my poverty, and not my will, which bows to the miserable necessity of being hired' in the service of the suffering and starving masses. It is by no means certain that your Grace, had you been born without the pale of hereditary succession to an entailed estate, could have found any man or body of men to have hired in you your years of maturity, as an available instrument for good. For my poor part, rather than entrust the advocacy of a great cause to your pen or tongue, I would have bribed you, and right liberally, to play dummy against a brace of dowagers, or sleep until awakened by the pealing knell of defunct monopoly. In truth, the ability to provide for my family by an honourable effort to enable millions to provide for their families, is matter for great selfgratulation. The possession of such power is at once the source and guarantee of my independence. The mind with which God gifted me, enriched by an education generously bestowed by a father, who toiled the more that I might be rendered the more intelligent, constitutes an estate whose title your Grace can neither invalidate nor impeach, whose record is in the chancery of the Eternal, whose possession

death alone can determine, and the due improvement of which will secure a reversionary interest exceeding calculation, and enduring for ever."

5.-Tried at the York Assizes and Lancashire Assizes about 150 individuals charged with mobbing and rioting during the recent disturbances in those districts. They were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. On one of the days of sitting Lord Chief Justice Denman thus expressed himself on the right of public meeting: On the part of the people of this country, he must assert the right of free discussion and of peaceable statement of grievances; and, unfortunate as it was that the discussion either of political questions or of the laws regarding provisions should produce excitement and ill-feeling, it was the undoubted right of Englishmen to meet and peaceably to discuss the grounds of what they deemed just complaint. But there was a very wide difference between meeting for the purposes of peaceable discussion, or of petitioning the Sovereign and the Parliament-there was a wide difference between this and assembling riotously, and to the terror of the peaceable subjects of her Majesty, and with the view of committing acts grossly illegal and tyrannical. Nor was it fair or just to trace to perfectly legal and constitutional discussion all the unlawful acts which might thereafter be committed. Unfortunately, it was matter for astonishment and lamentation, that after all that had been done to enlighten and educate the people-and he would fearlessly add, to improve their condition and promote their comforts-there should be found in this country men, by the hundred and the thousand, ready to assemble together for the absurd, the insane, the suicidal purpose of throwing men in their own circumstances out of employment, and thus increasing terribly the distress which unhappily existed.

General Nott recaptures the fortress of Ghuznee, on his march to Cabul. "I ordered," he writes, "the fortification and citadel to be destroyed, because it had been the scene of treachery, mutilation, torture, starvation, and cruel murder to our unresisting and imprisoned countrymen."

8.-The sandal-wood gates of Somnauth taken from the tomb of Sultan Mahmoud at the village of Roza. "The work," writes Major Rawlinson, ". was performed by Europeans, and all possible delicacy was observed

in

not desecrating the shrine further than was absolutely necessary. The guardians of the tomb, when they perceived our object, retired to one corner of the court and wept bitterly; and when the removal was effected, they again prostrated themselves before the shrine, and uttered loud lamentations. only remark was, 'You are lords of the country, and can of course work your will on us; but why this sacrilege? of what value can these old timbers he to you? while to us they are as the breath of our nostrils.' The reply was

Their

'The gates are the property of India; taken from it by one conqueror, they are restored to it by another. We leave the shrine undesecrated, and merely take our own.' The sensa tion is less than might have been expected, and no doubt the Moollahs who have had the guardianship of the tomb for generations in their family, will be the chief sufferers by the measure. Mr. Rawlinson thought the gates were not of the time of Sultan Mahmoud, but as recent as Sultan Abdool Rizak, who built the walls of Ghuznee, and was himself buried in a rude mausoleum in the outskirts of Roza. This opinion he formed by contrasting the pretended ancient Cutic inscription with another in the Nuskh character on the reverse of the sarcophagus.

8.-General Pollock defeats Akbar Khan first at Jugdulluk and then in the valley of Tezeen. No further opposition being offered to the advance of the British through the passes, they encamped on the race-ground at Cabul two days afterwards. The city was taken possession of on the 15th.

11. While the Affghan captives were being conveyed to what was to all appearances a hopeless captivity among the Oosbegs, the commander of the escort, Saleh Mahomed, is bribed to break through his instructions, and convey them in the direction of Cabul in the hope of meeting the British forces.

13. To put an end to certain ministerial difficulties existing in Lower Canada, Sir Chas. Bagot resolves upon the re-admission of French Canadians and Reformers to the Government. M. Lafontaine thereupon accepted the post of Attorney-General.

15.-Jubilee of the Preston guild, a festival celebrated every twenty years.

Prince Michael and his family declared to have forfeited all right to the sovereignty of Servia, and Alexander Petrowitsch elected in his place by the national chiefs, acting, it was said, under the influence of Russia.

16. The Queen arrives off Woolwich this morning at 10 o'clock, on her return voyage from Scotland.

66

66

At

20.-Release of the Affghan captives, confined by Akbar Khan in various parts throughout the Tezeen valley and at Bameean. the pass near Kote Ashruffe, Sale left his infantry to hold the position, and proceeded at the head of the 3d Dragoons. A party of Sultan Jan's men," writes Lady Sale, were in the neighbourhood. Had we not received assistance our recapture was certain, but as it was they dared not attack the force they saw. It is impossible to express our feelings on Sale's approach. When we arrived where the infantry were posted, they cheered all the captives as they passed them, and the men of the 13th pressed forward to welcome us individually. On arriving at the camp, Captain Backhouse fired a royal salute from his mountain-train

guns; and not only our old friends but all the officers in the party came to offer congratu lations, and welcome our return from captivity."

23. Fire in Crampton-street, Liverpool, which spread into Formby-street and Neptunestreet, destroying a number of large warehouses and sheds filled with costly merchandise. The damage was estimated at 700,000l., onehalf being covered by insurances. About twenty lives were supposed to have been lost during the three days the conflagration raged.

24. Died at Kingston House, Knightsbridge, aged 82, the Marquis Wellesley, once Governor-General of India, and twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

27.-Foundation-stone laid of the Victoria Harbour, Dunbar.

Inquiry into the fraud and conspiracy practised upon Mr. Woolley, a Bristol timbermerchant. Ann Morgan and Ann Byers (with the latter of whom he had been entrapped into a marriage) were committed to prison.

28.-Maxwelltown Church, Galloway, de. stroyed by fire.

29.-General M'Caskill storms and captures the town of Istalif, Kohistan. By General Pollock's instruction the place was set on fire, a proceeding which excited both native and European soldiers to other acts of wanton cruelty and plunder, much commented on afterwards.

30.-Special Commission opened at Stafford, for the trial of prisoners concerned in the recent riots. Chief Justice Tindal laid down the law in terms similar to those employed by Lord Chief Justice Denman. Speaking of inciting to sedition by inflammatory speeches, he said: If such charges are brought forward, it must be left to your own sense to distinguish between an honest declaration of the speaker's opinion upon the political subjects on which he treats-a free discussion on matters that concern the public, as to which full allowance should be made for the zeal of the speaker, though he may somewhat exceed the just bounds of moderation-and, on the other hand, a wicked design, by inflammatory statement and crafty and subtle arguments, to poison the minds of the hearers, and render them the instruments of mischief. He that addresses himself to a crowded auditory of the poorer class, without employment or occupation, and brooding at the time over their wrongs, whether real or imaginary, will not want hearers ready to believe and apt followers of mischievous advice."

Feargus O'Connor arrested, on the charge of exciting to sedition, in Manchester and other towns, during the disturbances in August last.

October 1.-Lord Ellenborough issues a proclamation from Simla, announcing that the

British army now in possession of Affghanistan would be withdrawn to the Sutlej. "The Governor-General will leave it to the Affghans themselves to create a government amidst the anarchy which is the consequence of their crimes. To force a sovereign upon a reluctant people would be as inconsistent with the policy as it is with the principles of the British Government, tending to place the arms and resources of that people at the disposal of the first invader, and to impose the burthen of supporting a sovereign without the prospect of benefit from his alliance. Content with the limits nature appears to have assigned to its empire, the Government of India will devote all its efforts to the establishment and maintenance of general peace, to the protection of the sovereigns and chiefs its allies, and to the prosperity and happiness of its own faithful subjects. The rivers of the Punjaub and the Indus, and the mountainous passes and the barbarous tribes of Affghanistan, will be placed between the British army and an enemy approaching from the West -if, indeed, such an enemy there can be-and no longer between the army and its supplies. The enormous expenditure required for the support of a large force in a false military position, at a distance from its own frontier and its resources, will no longer arrest every measure for the improvement of the country and of the people." The date of this despatch was afterwards disputed in Parliament, on the ground that Lord Ellenborough could not possibly know that one of the main objects of the expedition, the rescue of the prisoners, had been accomplished at this time. Mr. Macaulay alleged that the proclamation had been antedated, for the purpose of contrasting with the manifesto of Lord Auckland against the Affghans. (See Oct. 1, 1838.)

1.-Unaware of the calamity which had befallen Stoddart and Conolly at Bokhara, Lord Ellenborough writes to the Ameer: "I was informed when I reached India that you detained in confinement two Englishmen, supposing them to have entertained designs against This must have been your reason, for no you. prince detains an innocent traveller. I am informed that they are innocent travellers. As individuals they could not entertain designs against you; and I know they were not employed by their Government in such designs, for their Government is friendly to you. Send them away towards Persia. It will redound to your honour. They shall never return to give you offence, but be sent back to their own country. Do this as you wish to have my friendship." Many other attempts were made to soften the Ameer's heart towards the captives by the Governments of Russia and Turkey, as well as by British agents at Herat, Khiva, and Cabul; but failure attended each successive appeal, chiefly, it was thought, from the refusal or unwillingness of the British Government to recognise the captives in any way as ambassadors or official agents. General Pollock exerted himself successfully to obtain

an adjustment of the claims of Captain Conolly's servants, though a letter written in connexion therewith by the Secretary for India shows in what light Lord Ellenborough regarded the mission. "I am directed to inform you," wrote Mr. Maddock, "that the Governor-General has no knowledge of Lieutenant A. Conolly's mission to Kokund having been authorized. On the contrary, his Lordship was informed by the late President of the Board of Control that Lieutenant A. Conolly was expressly instructed by him not to go to Kokund, and in all probability he owes all his misfortunes to his direct transgression of that instruction."

1.-Cargoes for America are so difficult to procure at Liverpool, that the owners of the Sydney agree to take out 180 Mormon converts for 115. and the owners of the Henry accept of 100l. for conveying 140.

2.-Died at Bennington, Ver., U.S., aged 62, W. E. Channing, D.D., Unitarian preacher.

5.-The Governor-General of India announces to the Secret Committee the fact of the safety of the British captives, of which he had been assured in a private note from MajorGeneral Pollock of date 21st Sept.

6. At an Anti-Corn Law meeting at Manchester to-day Mr. Cobden intimated that the League intended raising 50,000l. to promote its operations; they were presently spending 100l. a week in agitating, and were ready to circulate 380,000 tracts.

10.-The Bishop of London delivers a Charge to his clergy in St. Paul's, having reference principally to recent innovations, which he mildly censured. He urged a strict adherence to the Articles on the part of the clergy; and he condemned "forcing any interpretation of an Article on the Church which was not warranted by its plain, literal, and grammatical sense:" the strict adherence to the Articles "would prove a check to much waywardness." He condemned the practice, which prevailed extensively, of altering or omitting portions of the baptismal service. "What the

Articles are with respect to doctrine, the Rubric and the Canons are with respect to discipline. A great degree of laxity has of late years crept into the Church; for the removal of much of which we are indebted to those pious and learned men who recommended a stricter discipline, but who, in some cases, had gone beyond the line in attaching importance to things in themselves non-essential. Those persons were much to be condemned who overlooked the good that had been effected by those divines, while they regarded exclusively the evil. The observance of the Rubric ought to be complete."

11. In his opening charge at the Lancashire Special Commission, Lord Abinger made reference to public meetings in a manner severely criticised. "An assembly," he said, 66 consisting of such multitudes as to make all discussion and debate ridiculous and a farce,

never can be assembled for the purpose of deliberate and calm discussion. If, therefore, an assembly consists of such multitudes, or if you find that all attempts at devate are put down, and that the only object of the parties is to hear one side, the meeting ceases to be one avowedly for deliberation, and cannot protect itself under that pretension." Speaking of the depression of trade, his lordship said: "Much has been said of the privations to which the working classes have been reduced; and I make no doubt that they are considerable; for it cannot be denied that many of the usual channels of trade have been interrupted, and that there is existing a general feeling of despondency among commercial men as to the advantage of engaging in commercial enterprises the result of which was attended with great uncertainty but, I am bound to say, from the experience I have acquired as to the history of this insurrection in a neighbouring county, that that distress has been greatly exaggerated. It does not appear, from any evidence which I have hitherto seen or read, that the parties engaged in these excesses either complained of the high price of provisions or the want of labour." Lord Abinger also pointed out that Government might have framed the charge against the rioters as one of high treason.

12.-Evacuation of Affghanistan by the British forces. The united armies of General Pollock and General Nott commence their march from Cabul back to Peshawur. A great portion of the city was left in ruins, and the Char Chouk, or principal bazaar, where the remains of Sir William Macnaghten had been exposed to insult, was blown up. The British army now spread devastation and slaughter on every side of their route. "No troops," writes General Pollock, "could feel otherwise than excited at the sight of the skeletons of their late brethren in arms, which still lay covering the road from Gundamuck to Cabul; and as if the more to raise a spirit of revenge, the barricade at Jugdulluk was literally covered with skeletons.' Jellalabad, so ably defended by Sale, was one among many other places levelled with the dust. General Pollock reached Peshawur on the 3d November; and on the 6th General Nott with the rear division emerged from the Khyber Pass at Jumrood. Major-Gen. England left Quettah, and marched towards British India by the Bolan Pass.

17.-In his opening address to the Assembly, the King of Holland announces that "the navy of the kingdom is in as satisfactory a condition as the sums granted in the budget permit."

- A meeting of female politicians held in the Association Hall, Old Bailey, for the purpose of forming a female Chartist Association to co-operate with the original society.

Dr. Buckland, Mr. George Stephenson, and Dr. Lyon Playfair, while on a visit to Sir Robert Peel, at Drayton, meet the tenantry

at breakfast, and discuss various questions relating to agricultural improvement.

18.-Explosion of a steam-boiler in Bolckow's iron-works, Middlesborough, by which four workmen were killed and twenty others scalded and bruised.

A meeting of provincial deputies in Berlin decide by a majority of 57 to 47 against a representative form of government.

19.-David Roberts, A. R. A., entertained at a public dinner in the Hopetoun Rooms, Edinburgh, as a compliment on his return from Syria.

The Walhalla, a temple designed to perpetuate the memory of illustrious Germans, opened at Ratisbon by the King of Bavaria.

20.-Grace Darling, the heroine of the Longstone Lighthouse, dies at Bamborough, aged 25.

23. Died, aged 56, Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm Gesenius, German Oriental scholar.

24. Storm followed by a great flood at Funchal, Madeira; 200 houses said to be destroyed, and numerous lives lost in the attempt to escape from the unexpected visitation. Fayal, Porto Cruz, and other towns on the coast, also suffered damage.

29.-Died, aged 57, Allan Cunningham, a popular Scottish poet, but more widely known as assistant to Sir Francis Chantrey and correspondent of Sir Walter Scott.

31. Came on for trial at the Central Criminal Court the charge of theft raised by Lord Frankfort, Baron Montmorency, against Alice Lowe, a young woman formerly resident in his house. In the course of his evidence, his lordship said: "About ten o'clock on the evening of the 28th of May the prisoner came to my house in a cab. I asked her what she wanted, when she said she came to see me, and intended to stop. I kept her cab waiting till nearly 1 o'clock, and then, when I saw that she was determined to stop, I sent it away. She remained with me till the 22d of July." With reference to the various articles of jewellery alleged to have been stolen by her, the jury considered they had been given to her as presents, and, without retiring, returned a verdict of Not Guilty.

Died in Bury Court, St. Mary Axe, aged 83, Dr. Solomon Hirschell, for forty-one years Chief Rabbi of the great synagogue in England.

Died, aged 67, General Lord Richard Hussey Vivian.

November 2.- Died, aged 68, Serjeant Spankie, standing counsel of the East India Company, and editor at one time of the Morning Chronicle.

3.-Fire at Pooley's mill, Ancoats, Manchester, resulting in the death of eight work.

men, whom the rapid spread of the flames cut off from all assistance.

4. As illustrating the increasing interest now being felt in the operations of the AntiCorn Law League, Mr. Cobden mentions to-day at the weekly meeting, that "an elderly person having the appearance of a country gentleman called on me on Tuesday last, and put into my hand a bank-note with a written paper, "A land-owner possessed of several farms subscribes 100l. to the Anti-Corn Law League fund. It is a money question, and the money speaks for itself. The subscription shall be repeated, if requisite.' I never saw the gentleman before-probably shall never see him again. He did not wait for any conversation. I tried to have a little talk with him as to his views on the Corn Laws as affecting his interests; but I could get nothing from the old gentleman but this simple remark: 'It is a question of money, it is a question of money; and the money speaks for itself.""

5.-A woman named Frances Bennett, residing at Ruardean-hill, in the Forest of Dean, confesses to having murdered each of her six children soon after birth, and buried them under the pavement of the brewhouse, with the assistance of the person who cohabited with her. On examination the skeletons were found where she described.

A Belgio-Dutch treaty signed at the Hague.

6.-Died at his house, Grove Place, Tottenham, William Hone, whose early parodies drew down upon him the ire of a Government whom he defeated, and who latterly occupied his time in the compilation of works of an antiquarian and religious character.

7.-Meeting to receive report of auditors of Times' Testimonial Fund (the Lord Mayor in the chair), now amounting to 2,702/., subscribed by 38 public companies, 64 London magistrates, 58 bankers (London), 116 bankers (country), 21 bankers (foreign), 129 London merchants, and 129 individual and anonymous.

8.-Captain Douglas, of the 49th Madras Infantry, committed to prison as a deserter, preparatory to bringing against him charges of malversation and acceptance of bribes when in India.

9.-Examination in bankruptcy of Lord Huntingtower, who sought to pass as a horsedealer with 200,000l. liabilities, and very doubtful assets. He appeared to have been largely involved with professional bill-discounters; one of them, a Mrs. Edmunds of St. James's Place, described as "a particular friend of Colonel Copland."

10. At a stormy meeting of the Marylebone Vestry, Mr. Hume, M. P., carries his motion, approving of a grant being made from the funds of the vestry to aid in erecting a monument to the Scottish Reformers of 1793.

10. Her Majesty visits the Duke of Wellington at Walmer Castle.

and

12.-Severe storm numerous shipwrecks. The Reliance, East Indiaman, was lost near Merlimont, Boulogne, and above 100 of the people on board drowned. A large quantity of tea was also destroyed.

14. Mr. Norton, the police-magistrate, makes inquiry concerning a painful case of destitution in Stepney. Two young women, daughters of the late Major Reynolds, of the 5th West India Regiment, being left utterly unprovided for at his death, were now trying to preserve their existence by making shirts for a slop-shop at 14d. each. Public attention was drawn to the case, and a subscription raised in their behalf.

Dawson's scythe-grinding mill at Abbey Dale, Sheffield, blown up by workmen on strike.

16.-Proclamation from the Governor-General (Lord Ellenborough) to all the princes, and chiefs, and people of India :-"My brothers and my friends, our victorious army bears the gates of the Temple of Somnauth in triumph from Affghanistan, and the despoiled tomb of Sultan Mahmoud looks upon the ruins of Ghuznee. The insult of 800 years is at last avenged. The gates of the Temple of Somnauth, so long the memorial of your humiliation, are become the proudest record of your national glory, the proof of your superiority in arms over the nations beyond the Indus. To you, princes and chiefs of Sirhind, of Rajwarra, of Malwa, and Guzerat, I shall commit this glorious trophy of successful war. You will yourselves, with all honour, transmit the gates of sandal-wood through your respective territories to the restored Temple of Somnauth. The chiefs of Sirhind shall be informed at what time our victorious army will first deliver the gates of the temple into their guardianship at the foot of the bridge of the Sutlej."

Opening of the Glasgow Corn Exchange. 18.-A whale, sixteen feet long, caught in the Thames off Deptford pier.

19.-A convocation of non-intrusion clergymen, held in Edinburgh, adopt a series of resolutions pledging themselves to continued resistance to the claims put forth by the civil courts. A memorial to Government was also agreed upon.

21.-Division orders by Major-General Sir C. J. Napier, dated at Succur: Gentlemen as well as beggars may, if they like, ride to the devil when they get on horseback; but neither gentlemen nor beggars have a right to send other people there, which will be the case if furious riding be allowed in camp or beyond. The offender to be arrested, and Captain Pope to inflict punishment.

22.-Proposal made in the Edinburgh Town Council to pass a vote of censure on the Lord