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INDEX TO VOLUME XXIV.

FAR FROM HOME.

THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL.

EMBELLISHMENTS.

A. R. SPOFFORD, LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS.
THE DUKE OF ARGYLE.

DR. PHILIP SCHAFF.
THE EARL OF Derby.
GEN. JOSEPH R. HAWLEY.

AFRICA, SKETch of a JourneY ACROSS. By Lieut. Cameron. Good Words.
A BAZAAR AND A PICNIC IN. By Lady Barker... ...Evening Hours..
AFRICAN WEATHER AND AFRICAN SCENERY. By Lady Barker. Evening Hours..
Age of the World, Modern PhilosopherS ON THE PROB-

ABLE......

AMERICAN CENTENARY, THE. By Horace White..
AQUARIA: THeir Present, Past, and FUTURE...
ARGYLE, THE DUKE OF. By the Editor.....

Quarterly Review.
.Fortnightly Review...

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Popular Science Review......

592

377

ASTRONOMY IN AMERICA. By Richard A. Proctor,

B.A.,

F.R.S.

Popular Science Review..

679

AUTOMATISM AND EVOLUTION. By Charles Elam, M.D.
BAZAAR AND PICNIC IN AFRICA. By Lady Barker....
BONIVARD, "THE PRISONER OF CHILLON".
BOOKMAKING, THE BYEWAYS OF....

BRONTE, CHARLOTTE: A MONOGRAPH. By T. Wemyss Reid..Macmillan's Magazine..
CHANCELLORS, THE TWO: PRINCE BISMARCK AND PRINCE

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FORSAKEN GARDEN, A. By Algernon Charles Swinburne.... The Athenæum.
FRENCH FORMs, Verses in OLD. By Austin Dobson.... ...Evening Hours.
GYPSIES AND THEIR FRIENDS.

GLAMOUR..

GUNS (GREAT) AND ARMOR-Plating..........

HAWLEY, GEN. JOSEPH R. By the Editor..

HER DEAREST FOE. By Mrs. Alexander, Author of "The

HERZEGOVINIAN INSURGENTS, A LADY'S VISIT TO THE....
HUNT (LEIGH) AND LORD BROUGHAM.....
INTERNATIONAL PREJUDICES...

IN TOWN. By Austin Dobson

KAFIR AT HOME, THE. By Lady Barker..

Temple Bar..

Temple Bar..

Cornhill Magazine.

Temple Bar...
Cornhill Magazine..
.Good Words.
..Evening Hours...
..Cornhill Magazine..
...Evening Hours

KAFIR WEDDINGS AND KAFIR KRAALS. By Lady Barker... Evening Hours.

KORAN (THE) versus TURKISH REFORM..

LITERARY NOTICES:

Fraser's Magazine...

Lessons from Nature, as Manifested in Mind and Matter, 122-Village Communities in the East and West, 122 -The Life, Letters, and Table-Talk of Benjamin Robert Haydon, 123-Stray Studies in England and Italy, 123German Political Leaders, 124-Transcendentalism in New England, 250-A Nile Journal, 251-Tarbox's Life of General Putnam, 251-Words: Their Use and Abuse, 252-A Centennial Commissioner in Europe, 252-Centennial Editions of Longfellow, Whittier, and Tennyson, 252-The "Little Classic" Edition of Emerson's Works, 252-A Study of Hawthorne, 377-Revolutionary Times, 378-Men and Manners in America One Hundred Years Ago, 378 -Silver Pitchers : and Independence, 379-A Story of Three Sisters, 379-Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism, 505-The Pilot and his Wife, 505-The Echo Club and other Literary Diversions, 506-History of the Intellectual Development of Europe, 506-Giannetto, 506-The Mikado's Empire, 634-Fifty Years of My Life, 634-Condensed Classics: I. Ivanhoe. II. Our Mutual Friend, 635-Every Day Topics, 635-Theophilus and Others, 636-The Five Senses of Man, 762-The Fall of the Stuarts, and Western Europe from 1678 to 1697, 763-The Early Roman Empire, 763-Working People and their Employers, 763-Near to Nature's Heart, 764. LUNAR STUDIES..

MACAULAY, LORD. By Leslie Stephen...

MAGIC, NATURAL..

MARTINEAU, HARRIET. By Thomas Hughes.

The Spectator
Cornhill Magazine...
Chambers's Journal..
The Academy...

Matter of Life, Studies of. By Henry J. Slack, F.G.S..Popular Science Review..

MERVAUNEE. By William Allingham...

MODERN WARFARE, REMARKS ON....

338

I

496

367

109

349, 473

172

435

107

100

121

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Cornhill Magazine....

Fraser's Magazine..

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SATURN'S DARK RING. By Richard A. Proctor, B.A., F.R.S. The Spectator
SCHAFF, DR. PHILIP. By the Editor.....

SCIENCE AND ART:

687

129

370

42

513

196

257

119

757

504

The Rotation of the Sun, 124-Effect of the Seasons on the Body, 125-The Monetary Value of a Man, 125The Aurora Borealis, 125-Phenomena of Earthquakes, 125-Influence of the Sun and Moon on the Earth's Magnetism, 126-Strange Natural Cisterns, 126-Hermit Crabs, 126-The Plants of Guadaloupe Island, 126-The Locust Plague, 126-Discovery of Human Bones of the Jurassic Period, 253-A Musical Invention, 253-New Discovery in Agriculture, 254-Return of the "Challenger" Expedition, 254-A Curious Phenomenon, 254-Discoveries at Rome, 254-Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Stimulants, 254-Flower Colors, 255-Radiometers, 255-Cinchona Cultitivation, 255-The Moon's Condition, 381-Periodicity of Hurricanes, 381-Archæological Discoveries in Rome, 381-The Sun, 382-The Recent Transit, 382-Imitation Snow Crystals, 382-A New Method of Treating Asiatic Cholera, 382-A Fireproof Dress, 508-Voices of Animals, 508-Action of Cod-Liver Oil in Disease, 508-Governmental Assistance to Science, 508-The Nationality of Copernicus, 509-Egyptian Sculpture, 509-Writing on Glass with Ink, 509-Gases Contained in Meteorites, 510-Artificial Respiration, 510-Direct Proof of Evolution, 510-The Waves as a Motive Power, 510-Variable Stars, 637-A Solar Engine, 637-Proper Motion of Spots on Jupiter, 637-Curious Incident in Natural History, 638-Influence of the Sun and Moon on Earthquakes, 638-The Satellite of Neptune, 638-Density of the Earth's Crust, 638-Physical Observations of Saturn, 638-Celestial Photography, 639-Local Meteorological Laws, 639-Cosmic Dust, 765-A New Metal, 765-The Solar Atmosphere, 765-Elastic Glass, 766-The Eye of Man in the Future, 766-Domestic Measurement of Medicine, 766-Experiments on the Periodic Waves of the Swiss Lakes, 767.

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Family Likenesses and Vitality, 127-The Secret of Macaulay's Popularity, 127-How to Breathe Properly, 128-Winter Sorrow; Spring Sorrow, 128-Blackwood on Macaulay, 255-A Lady on Ladies, 256-Wordsworth and Coleridge: We are Seven, 256-Bells, 383-Max Müller on Charles Kingsley, 384-Sonnets, 384-April: A Sonnet, 384-The Color and Fragrance of Flowers, 510-A Polynesian Fairy Tale, 511-Chinese Funeral Notices, 512-The German Genius, 512-The Effect of Marriage, 639-Goldsmith's "Deserted Village," 640-How Hindoo Girls are made Pretty, 640-A Suicide, 640-The Terrors of Death, 767-Pidgin-English, 768-Servia, 768. VEGETARIAN, AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A...

Fraser's Magazine.

292

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YOUNG LADY ON THE APPROACH OF THE SEASON, To A.....Macmillan's Magazine.
ZULU WITCHES AND WITCH-FINDERS. By Lady Barker.....Evening Hours...

Temple Bar....

223

Temple Bar....

620

447

568

157

248

479

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LORD MACAULAY was pre-eminently a fortunate man; and his good fortune has survived him. Few, indeed, in the long line of English authors whom he loved so well have been equally happy in a biographer. Most official biographies are a mixture of bungling and indiscretion. It is only in virtue of some happy coincidence that, amongst the one or two people who alone have the requisite knowledge, there exists also the requisite skill and disMr. Trevelyan is one of the exceptions to the rule. His book is such a piece of thorough literary workmanship as would have delighted its subject. By a rare felicity the almost filial affection of the narrator conciliates the reader instead of exciting a distrust of

cretion.

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the narrative. We feel that Macaulay's must have been a lovable character to excite such warmth of feeling, and a noble character to enable one who loved him to speak so frankly. The ordinary biographer's idolatry is not absent, but it becomes a testimony to the hero's excellence instead of introducing a disturbing

element into our estimate of his merits.

No reader of Macaulay's works will be surprised at the manliness which is stamped not less plainly upon them than upon his whole career. But few who were not in some degree behind the scenes would be prepared for the tenderness of nature which is equally conspicuous. We all recognize in Macaulay a lover of truth and political honor. We find no more than we expected, when we are told that the one circumstance upon which he looked back with some regret was the unauthorized publi

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cation by a constituent of a letter in which he had spoken too frankly of a political ally. That is indeed an infinitesimal stain upon the character of a man who rose without wealth or connection, by sheer force of intellect, to a conspicuous position.amongst politicians. But we find something more than we expected in the singular beauty of Macaulay's domestic life. In his relations to his fa..ther, his sisters, and the younger generation, he was admirable. The stern religious principle and profound absorption in philanthropic labors of old Zachary Macaulay must have made the position of his brilliant son anything but an easy one. He could hardly read a novel, or contribute to a worldly magazine, without calling down something like a reproof. The father seems to have indulged in the very questionable practice of listening to vague gossip about his son's conduct, and demanding explanations from the supposed culprit. The stern old gentleman carefully suppressed his keen satisfaction at his son's first oratorical success, and instead of praising him, growled at him for folding his arms in the presence of royalty. Many sons have turned into consummate hypocrites under such paternal discipline, and, as a rule, the system is destructive of anything like mutual confidence. Macaulay seems, in spite of all, to have been on the most cordial terms with his father to the last. Some suppression of his sentiments must indeed have been necessary; and we cannot avoid tracing certain peculiarities of the son's intellectual career to his having been condemned from an early age to habitual reticence upon the deepest of all subjects of thought.

admit them to be the natural expression of a perfectly sincere conviction. Can there be higher praise? His relation to children is equally charming. "He was beyond comparison the best of playfellows," writes Mr. Trevelyan; "unrivalled in the invention of games, and never weary of repeating them." He wrote long letters to his favorites; he addressed pretty little poems to them on their birthdays, and composed long nursery rhymes for their edification; whilst overwhelmed with historical labors, and grudging the demands of society, he would dawdle away whole mornings with them, and spend the afternoon in taking them to sights; he would build up a den with newspapers behind the sofa, and act the part of tiger or brigand; he would take them to the Tower, or Madame Tussaud's, or the Zoological Gardens, make puns to enliven the Polytechnic, and tell innumerable anecdotes to animate the statues in the British Museum; he would provide them with sumptuous feasts, invariably accompanied by some inappropriate delicacy, in order to amuse himself at its contemptuous rejection; nor, as they grew older, did he neglect the more dignified duty of inoculating them with the literary tastes which had been the consolation of his life. Obviously he was the ideal uncle-the uncle of optimistic fiction, but with qualifications for his task such as few fictitious uncles can possess. It need hardly be added, that Macaulay was a man of noble liberality in money matters, that he helped his family when they were in difficulties, and was beloved by the servants who depended upon him. In his domestic relations he had, according to his nephew, only one serious fault-he did not appreciate canine excellence; but no man is perfect.

Macaulay's relations to his sisters are sufficiently revealed in a long series of charming letters, showing, both in their The thorough kindliness of the man playfulness and in their literary and po- reconciles us even to his good fortune. litical discussions, the unreserved respect He was an infant phenomenon; the best .and confidence which united them. One boy at school; in his college days, "laof them writes upon his death: "We dies, artists, politicians, and diners-out" have lost the light of our home, the most at Bowood, formed a circle to hear him tender, loving, generous, unselfish, de- talk, from breakfast to dinner-time; he voted of friends. What he was to me was famous as an author at twenty-five; for fifty years who can tell? What a accepted as a great parliamentary orator world of love he poured out upon me at thirty; and as a natural consequence and mine!" Reading these words at the caressed with effusion by editors, politiclose of the biography we do not wonder cians, Whig magnates, and the clique of at the glamour of sisterly affection; but Holland House; by thirty-three he had

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become a man of mark in society, literature, and politics, and had secured his fortune by gaining a seat in the Indian Council. His later career was a series of triumphs. He had been the main support of the greatest literary organ of his party, and the "Essays" republished from its pages became at once a standard work. The Lays of Ancient Rome sold like Scott's most popular poetry; the History" caused an excitement almost unparalleled in literary annals. Not only was the first sale enormous, but it has gone on ever since increasing. The popular author was equally popular in Parliament. The benches were crammed to listen to the rare treat of his eloquence; and he had the far rarer glory of more than once turning the settled opinion of the House by a single speech. It is a more vulgar but a striking testimony to his success, that he made 20,000l. in one year by literature. Other authors have had their heads turned by less triumphant careers; they have descended to lower ambition, and wasted their lives in spasmodic straining to gain worthless applause. Macaulay remained faithful to his calling. He worked his hardest to the last, and became a more unsparing critic of his own performances as time went on. We do not feel even a passing symptom of a grudge against his good fortune. Rather we are moved by that kind of sentiment which expresses itself in the schoolboy phrase, "well done our side." We are glad to see the hearty, kindly, truthful man crowned with all appropriate praise, and to think that for once one of our race has got so decidedly the best of it in the hard battle with the temptations and the miseries of life.

Certain shortcomings have been set off against these virtues by critics of Macaulay's life. He was, it has been said, too good a hater. At any rate he hated vice, meanness, and charlatanism. It is easier to hate such things too little than too much. But it must be admitted that his likes and dislikes indicate a certain rigidity and narrowness of nature. "In books, as in people and places," says Mr. Trevelyan, "he loved that, and loved that only, to which he had been accustomed from boyhood upwards." The faults of which this significant remark reveals one cause, are marked upon his

whole literary character. Macaulay was converted to Whiggism when at college. The advance from Toryism to Whiggism is not such as to involve a very violent wrench of the moral and intellectual nature. Such as it was, it was the only wrench from which Macaulay suffered. What he was as a scholar of Trinity, he was substantially as a peer of the realm. He made, it would seem, few new friends, though he grappled his old ones as " with hooks of steel." The fault is one which belongs to many men of strong natures, and so long as we are considering Macaulay's life we shall not be much disposed to quarrel with his innate conservatism. Strong affections are so admirable a quality that we can pardon the man who loves well though not widely; and if Macaulay had not a genuine fervor of regard for the little circle of his intimates, there is no man who deserves such praise.

It is when we turn from Macaulay's personal character to attempt an estimate of his literary position, that these faults acquire more importance. His intellectual force was extraordinary within certain limits; beyond those limits the giant became a child. He assimilated a certain set of ideas as a lad, and never acquired a new idea in later life. He accumulated vast stores of knowledge, but they all fitted into the old framework of theory. Whiggism seemed to him to provide a satisfactory solution for all political problems when he was sending his first article to Knight's Magazine and when he was writing the last page of his "History." "I entered public life a Whig," as he said in 1849, “ and a Whig I am determined to remain." And what is meant by Whiggism in Macaulay's mouth? It means substantially that creed which registers the experience of the English upper classes during the four or five generations previous to Macaulay. It represents, not the reasoning, but the instinctive convictions generated by the dogged insistance upon their privileges of a stubborn, high-spirited, and individually short-sighted race. To deduce it as a symmetrical doctrine from abstract propositions would be futile. It is only reasonable so far as a creed, felt out by the collective instinct of a number of more or less stupid people, becomes impressed with a quasi-rational unity, not,

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