ner more can be grown on a given surface than in trenches, and without the labor of lifting it for preservation during the winter. It is now, however, too late to plant, and we therefore give some brief directions in regard to earthing or blanching in trenches, the usual mode of growing celery. There are two modes of blanching one is to draw the earth up to the plants from time to time while they are growing; the other is to defer the earthing until the plants are nearly full grown. We prefer the first method. Success in cultivating celery depends mostly on inducing a rapid growth; and to insure this, an abundant supply of manure and frequent stirring of the soil are indispensable. Watering with liquid manure is very beneficial. The hoe should be used as soon as the plants have fairly begun to grow, and the ground kept loose and free from weeds. The plants will be greatly benefited by stirring the soil immediately after a rain. As soon as rapid growth has become established, or when the plants are about a foot high, the process of earthing may be begun. As the leaves and stalks grow in a spreading manner, it is necessary, in the first place, to collect the stalks in one hand, and with the other draw up some earth and press it against the plant just hard enough to keep the stalks together. The hoe may then be used to complete the process, but the crown or heart of the plant must not be covered until the blanching is finished late in the fall. The earthing must be repeated from time to time as the plants progress in growth, and it should be done during dry weather, since, if the earth is wet, the celery is apt to become "rusted." In our next number we shall give directions as to the best mode of keeping celery during the winter.

Vegetables. Lettuce, radishes, spinach, bush beans, etc., may still be planted for fall use. Spinach may be planted at intervals for several weeks.

Winter-flowering Annuals.-There are a number of very pretty annuals that will flower well during the winter, and now is the time to sow the seed. Among the best may be named Sweet Alyssum, Mignonnette, Clarkia nereifolia, Lobelia gracilis, Nemophila, Schizanthus, and Iberis umbellata. At this season of the year the seed should be sown in pots, in a light rich mold, and carefully and regularly watered. The pots may be plunged in the ground, which will prevent the soil from drying off too rapidly. As soon as the plants have got out of the seed leaf they should be potted off. This is done by inverting the pot, and knocking gently on the edge, when the ball of earth will come out entire. By gently pressing the ball of earth it will break up, and the plants may be readily separated. These should be put in small sized pots, the Clarkia, Schizanthus, and Iberis always singly; but the others may be planted singly or three or four together. As soon as the small pots become filled with roots, a shift should be made to a five or six inch pot. This is done by turning out the ball of earth as before. Have ready some good rich mold and some potsherds. Cover the hole in the bottom of the pot, put in some mold, then the ball of earth containing the plant, and fill in around

the sides of the pot, giving it an occasional jar to settle the earth. The ball of earth must be no deeper in the large pot than it was in the small one. Give a good watering, and set the pots where they will get plenty of light and air. They are well calculated to be grown in rooms wherever a little sunshine can be had, and we recommend them to all who have this at command. Annuals grown in this way give a constant bloom during the winter months, and cheer us with their floral smiles while the winter winds are careering over the bleak and barren fields.

THE WORLD AT LARGE. A map of busy life,

Ita fluctuations and its vast concerns.-COWPER.

RELIGIOUS AND ECCLESIASTICAL. THE Mormon missionaries, recently sent out from Utah to England, Italy, Denmark, and other countries, passed through New York city and stayed some days. A meeting of "Saints" welcomed them. The missionaries appeared to be plain, illiterate men, and indulged in much invective against the United States, grounded on the expectation that the government contemplated taking the administration of the affairs of the territory more directly into its own hands, and removing Brigham Young from the gubernatorial office. The literary tastes and attainments of these emissaries of fanaticism may be judged of by the doggerel rhymes, in the singing of which they seemed to take great delight. The following lines and chorus are rather a favorable specimen than otherwise of these "spiritual songs:"

"We'll thank the day when we was called
Our hand-carts with to go.

Then cheer up, ye elders,

We to the world will show

That Israel must be gathered soon,

And oxen are too low."

The hymn from which these lines are taken was written to be sung in crossing the plains.

The receipts of the Presbyterian Board of Missions for the fiscal year ending June 1, 1857, were $207,489 33, and the expenditures $218.520 17, leaving the treas ury $11,030 84 in debt. The Board sent out during the year six missionaries to China, two to Northern India, one to Western Africa, and to various Indian missions, twenty-one. In Northern India the Board have 294 church members and 3,555 children in their schools.

The next general meeting of the Evangelical Alliance is appointed to be held in Berlin, commencing on the 9th of September, and continuing in session ten days. An informal meeting of clerical and lay members of the Alliance was held on the 12th of June, in the palace of the Archbishop of Canterbury, to hear the report of a committee who had visited Berlin on the subject. The king, who expressed his warm admiration of the principles and objects of the Alliance, granted the use of one of the principal churches in the city, and was disposed to give the meeting his countenance and help. The committee reported, however, that it would be necessary to conduct their discussions with

great wisdom, avoiding all doctrinal topics, and even in the matter of religious liberty, asserting only general principles, and leaving their application to a select committee. The hundredth psalm was to be prepared and tune, so that all might unite in singing it, each in in English, French, and German, in the same meter his own tongue.

The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in anniversary in St. Paul's Cathedral on the 15th of Foreign Parts held its one hundred and fifty-sixth June last. The society is connected with the Church of England. The Benedictine Order of Monks are about to erect a monastery at Belmont, near the city of Hereford, England, on a scale unknown in that country since the Reformation. Tenders for the work have already been advertised for... The Rev. William Arthur returned to Lon. don about the middle of June, from his Eastern tour. His health, though improved, was not satisfactory to his friends. ... There had been some discussion

among the Wesleyans of England touching the preva lent practice of "lining" the hymns in public worship. The matter, however, seems to have been set at rest by a quotation from the "Minutes of Conference" for 1844, in which year that body fully committed itself to the present custom, and expressed its "serious disapproval" of an innovation that had then been attempted, only to the limited extent of "reading and singing a whole verse of the hymn at once." .. According to the Minutes of the Wesleyan Conference of South Australia, just published, that Conference has 21,247 members under its care, with 2,585 persons on trial. There are eighty preachers in full standing, and forty on probation..

The Wesleyan Church is gaining ground in France. The Conference is to be held at Lausanne this year. There will be a large increase of Church members, and several new stations, among them Marseilles, will be recommended to conference. With one exception the places of worship have prefectorial authorization. . . The Hon. and Rev. J. T. Pelham, formerly rector of Marylebone, London, and lately elected to the bishopric of Norwich, was publicly consecrated in June last. He is a young man of much piety, zeal, and talent.... The Sunday evening preaching in Exeter Hall, London, by ministers of the Church of England, has proved eminently attractive and beneficial to the class of persons on whose behalf it was commenced. It is denounced by the High Church party, and is sustained by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Bishops of London, Norwich, and Ripon... The annual session of the British Wesleyan Conference is held at Liverpool, the sittings commencing on the last Wednesday in July. The stationing and other committees, in accordance with custom, met a week earlier.

The executive committee of the British and Foreign Bible Society have at length decided to open the annual and all other meetings of the society with prayer. The resolution, however, before it can be acted upon, must be concurred in by the society at its annual meeting in May. The Irish Wesleyan Conference was opened on the 25th of June, when Rev. Bishop Simpson and Rev. Dr. M'Clintock were introduced to the Conference by the Rev. Dr. Hannah. Bishop Simpson presented the address of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he and Dr. M'Clintock delivered addresses. They were very kindly and warmly received, and by acclamation the Conference requested the deputation to repeat their remarks at a public meeting on the following Monday morning.. The general secretaries of the English Wesleyan Missionary Society have found it nocessary to publish an appeal to ministers to offer themselves for the mission work, so many mission stations being unsupplied. At the late Conference of the Methodist New Connection, held at Nottingham, England, there was reported an increase of 1,047 church members, with 2,004 on trial. At nearly the same time the Primitive Methodists held their Conference at Cambridge. They report 110,688 church members, and 598 traveling and 10,205 local proachers.

POLITICAL AND GENERAL.

On the second of July the Court of Appeals of the State of New York decided (Judges Comstock and Brown dissenting) that the Metropolitan Police Bill, passed by the last Legislature, is constitutional, and therefore valid. On the following day the Mayors of New York and Brooklyn withdrew their opposition to the bill, the former disbanding the municipal police, and the latter instructing the officers of the force to report in future to the Metropolitan Police Commissioners.... On the fourth and fifth of July disgraceful riots took place in the city of New York. They commenced on the Saturday morning and were renewed on the Sunday night. The parties to the fighting were two notorious rowdy associations, the "Dead Rabbits" or "Roche Guards," from the Five Points, and the "Bowery Boys" or "Atlantic Guards." The disturbance commenced by the former attacking a small detachment of the new or Metropolitan Police, and the latter taking part with the assailed. Bricks, stones, and fire arms were freely used, eight persons being killed and fifty or sixty seriously wounded. The riot was finally quelled by the appearance of the military in the streets.... Miss Gardiner, who was carried off by the Wa-pe-tu-kak Indians, and retained in captivity for some three months, was rescued by friendly Indians and brought to St. Paul, Minnesota, at the end of June. All her friends were massacred when Miss Gardiner was taken prisoner, and Mrs. Fletcher and

Mrs. Nobles, carried off at the same time, sank under the brutal treatment to which all three were subjected. . . . A series of test experiments by so-called spiritual mediums, in competition for the sum of $500, at Boston in the latter part of June, proved a complete failure. Dr. Gardner undertook the exhibition, and the committee of award were Benjamin Pierce, Louis Agassiz, B. A. Gould, Jr., and E. N. Borsford. They unanimously report that no one condition of the challenge was performed.

A recent report shows that upward of twelve millions of bushels of salt are annually manufactured in the United States. Now York supplies 6,000,000; Virginia 3,500,000; Ohio 1,000,000, and eight other states the residue. The Onondaga Solar Works use 2,000,000 gallons of brine daily for six months in the year, and sometimes 3,000,000 per day. About fifteen million bushels of salt are annually imported. The foreign salt is used almost exclusively for culinary and dairy purposes. The annual consumption of salt for all purposes in the United States is on the scale of sixty pounds to each individual; in Great Britain twenty-five pounds, and in France twenty-one and a half pounds. Taking Onondaga rates as the standard, the price of salt has gradually advanced from seventy cents per barrel in 1849 to $1 40 in 1856. . . . In the years 1856-57 the United States Assistant Treasurer at Boston paid $358,746 for fishing bounties, of which Massachusetts received $192,931, and Maine $161,977. On the 4th of July

navigation was formally opened between Lake Erie and Niagara Falls by the Great Hydraulic Canal. Three steamers, the Signet, Swallow, and Alliance, freighted with passengers, descended the river amid triumphal rejoicings. The late George Hays, Esq., of Philadelphia, left a large portion of his wealth for founding of a Home for disabled, aged, and infirm American mechanics... Mr. Russell, the well-known Crimean correspondent of the London Times, Samuel Lover, and S. C. Hall, will, it is said, visit the United States during the fall or winter... . The Hon. William Larned Marcy, Secretary of State during President Pierce's administration, and for three successive terms Governor of the State of New York, was found dead in his room at Ballston, on the forenoon of the 4th of July. He had entered it in apparently his usual health about half an hour before. Disease of the heart was supposed to be the cause of his death. His funeral took place at Albany on the 8th of July. Mr. Marcy was in his seventy-sixth year. ... Much of the immigration to our Western States from Europe now comes by way of Canada A recent return made by the

emigration agent at Hamilton, Canada West, shows that of 9,414 immigrants who arrived there in June of the present year, only 2,193 remained in the province, the remaining passing into the United States. Of 12,568 who arrived from January 1 to May 31, only 857 remained in Canada. ... On the 14th of July, the central building of the State Lunatic Asylum at Utica was totally destroyed by fire. The institution contained four hundred and seventy patients at the time, who all escaped, and were mustered under guards in a neighboring grove. None escaped, nor were any hurt. Dr. L. F. Rose of Utica, who was very active in rendering aid, was so much burned that he died from his injuries. The wings of the building were saved, where the patients were afterward reassembled. The fire commenced at eight o'clock in the morning. . . . At the state election in California, to be held in September, a direct popular vote will be taken on the question of paying or repudiating the state debt. The California papers generally express the belief that the debt will be endorsed by the people. The New Granadian minister at Washington has received instructions from his government to settle, on the best terms he can, the difficulty with the United States government, respecting the Panama riots.

GENERAL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

A fearful calamity occurred on the 26th of June, off Cape Rouge, near Quebec. The steamer Montreal, with from four hundred to five hundred passengers, mainly newly arrived immigrants from Scotland, took fire and was totally destroyed. From two hundred and fifty to two hundred and seventy persons perished in the flames or were drowned. The Hon. Stephen C. Philips, of Salem, Mass., a much respected citizen, was among the lost. The Emperor of Austria has published a decree conceding that at least two thirds of the public functionaries of Hungary shall be natives of the province, and that the national language of Hungary may be used in documents addressed to the government of Vienna. An amnesty for all political

At

prisoners is also promised.. Pope Pius IX has just completed a tour of the Roman states, of which there is much complaint that the people were not allowed freely to present their grievances to him. Loretto, after a religious service, the pope ordered a large number of indulgences, printed or written on small slips of paper, to be thrown among the crowd. There was a great rush for them in the belief that the Holy Father was dispensing charity, and that these were orders for bread or for small sums of money, and finding them to be only indulgences, the people's disappointment showed itself in personal disrespect to the pontiff.. The British House of Commons have by large majority again passed a bill releasing Jews from the oath which disabled them from entering Parlia ment. The measure was so qualified, however, that no Jew can hold any ecclesiastical preferment or in any way control church affairs. The bill, however, as thus modified, has been rejected by the House of Lords.... An idea of the immense magnitude and resources of the refreshment department of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, may be formed from the fact that on the 17th of June (one of the days of the great Handel festival, when Victoria was present) the department, before six o'clock in the evening, had supplied six thousand dinners and luncheons, very many thousand pints of sherry wine," and eight hundred quarts of ice cream, without any confusion.. gipsies of England, being crowded out of the road-side spots, and moorlands, and by-lanes, by the increased occupancy of vacant lands, are quietly mixing with the settled population. They prove to be good neighbors and excellent farm servants. Prince Albert,

The

now created Prince Consort of England, has recently presided over an Educational Convention with much earnestness and good judgment. In the course of his opening address he made the following statement: "In 1801 there were in England and Wales, of public schools, 2,876; of private schools, 487: total 8,863. In 1851 (the year of the Census) there were in England and Wales, of public schools, 15,518; of private schools, 80,524: total, 46,042; giving instruction in all to 2,144,878 scholars; of whom 1,423,982 belong to public schools, and 721,396 to the private schools. The rate of progress is further illustrated by statistics which show that in 1818 the proportion of day scholars to the population was 1 in 17; in 1833, 1 in 11; and in 1851, i in 8." .. We are told that the total population in England and Wales of children between the ages of three and fifteen being estimated at 4,908,696, only 2,046,848 attend school at all, while 2,861,848 receive no instruction whatever. At the same time an analy sis of the scholars with reference to the length of time allowed for their school tuition shows that 42 per cent. of them have been at school less than one year; 22 per cent. during one year; 15 per cent. during two years; 9 per cent. during three years; 5 per cent. during four years; and 4 per cent. during five years. Therefore

out of the two millions of scholars alluded to, more than one million and a half remain only two years at school.... From a protest that has recently been made by Sir Charles Barry, the architect of the new English House of Parliament, against a decision of the Lords of the Treasury, on his claims for remuneration, it appears that the building has been in progress for twenty years, covers more than eight acres of ground, contains 1,180 rooms, 19 halls, 126 staircases, and more than two miles of corridors, passages, etc. More than £2,000,000 (say $10,000,000) have already been expended upon it, and £108,861 are appropriated this year for works in process of completion. It is said that the sum of £304,000 at least will be required to complete the building, and that the body of the edifice is already showing signs of decay. This enormous expenditure was made the subject of an earnest debate in the House of Commons in committee of supply. The projected railway to India through Assyria will, it is expected, ultimately be joined to Egypt by a line to Alexandria, Should this expectation be realized, the prediction of Isaiah, says one, will be literally fulfilled: "In that time there shall be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and the Egyptian into Assyria. In that day shall Israel be third with Egypt and Assyria.". The elections in France in June, always held on a Sunday, resulted, with but five or six exceptions, in favor of the government, as was to be expected.. On Sunday and Monday, July 5 and 6, the elections took place in Paris for the three districts which failed to give an absolute majority on the first trial. The opposition candidates, Cavaignac, Ollivier, and Darimon, were elected over the government candidates by a majority of about one thousand each. . . . In the British House of Commons, on July 7, the motion to

abolish the office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was negatived by a vote of 266 to 115... On the night of June 29 an insurrection was attempted at Genoa, but was promptly repressed, the government having previous information of it. It appears to have been rather personal than political, being directed against the King of Naples and the pope, and the Austrian troops in Italy. The conspirators seem to have had no plan for a government. . . . At a half-yearly meeting of the proprietors of the Eastern Steam Navigation Company, held in July, it was reported official that the mammoth steamship Great Eastern would be ready to launch in September, and would make her trial trip to Portland, Maine, in the April following. The net produce of the revenue of Great Britain for the year ending on the 30th of June, 1857, was £72,060,821, being an increase upon the year 1856 of $1,827,042.. The present year will be remarkablo in the annals of British rule in India; the prophecy so often uttered, that the native army of Bengal would yet strike the severest blow at British power in India, being apparently in process of fulfillment. Advices from India by the overland mail, which brought up the accounts to the 27th of May, show that from Calentta to Lahore the troops of the presidency are either in open mutiny or verging thereupon, and that at Meerut, Delhi, and Ferozepore they had thrown off all allegiance, and had massacred, amid other terrible atrocities, all the Europeans who had fallen into their hands. A native king had been proclaimed at Delhi, which city the mutineers held in absolute and undisputed possession. The cause assigned for the origin of this mutiny is curious, but there seems to be ample reason for suspecting that the ostensible reason for insurrection was but a pretext, and that the determination to rebel had been for some time entertained. A troop of the third regiment of native cavalry, who had complained that contrary to their religious tenets animal fat had been used in the preparation of their cartridges, were ordered on parade to load and fire with the cartridges supplied from government, but with a specific and distinct assurance that the complaint they had formerly made was unfounded. Only five out of ninety men composing the troop obeyed the order. The eighty-five who disobeyed it were tried by court martial and sentenced to a term of imprisonment varying from five to ten years. On the 9th of May, before a brigade parade, the sentence was carried into effect. The eighty-five troopers were publicly ironed and conveyed to prison. On the following day. Sunday, May 10, the whole regiment rose in rebellion, and being joined by the bazar and town people, as well as by the two native infantry regiments cantoned in Meerut, liberated their comrades and some twelve hundred other prisoners. Then commenced a horrible massacre. Meerut is a large native military station. It was soon in flames. Every European officer was shot, and the European women and children were butchered, after being the victims of even worse outrages. The mutineers were ultimately dispersed by European troops, and fled to Delhi, forty miles distant, where even more horrible scenes were enacted. The garrison of that city was entirely native. They joined in the mutiny, a company of artillery, however, stipulating for the safety of their European officers. The infantry, of which there were three regiments, showed no such feeling, and their officers were all shot. Every European who fell into the hands of the mutineers was massacred. They appear to have carefully ar ranged their outbreak. They obtained possession of the powder magazines, but at the critical moment, a young officer of the artillery (Lieutenant G. D. Willoughby) fired them, and the explosion produced fearful destruction among the mutineers. There are conflicting rumors as to whether Lieutenant Willoughby perished in the catastrophe. The mutineers also possessed themselves of the treasure in the Bank of Delhi. The city at the last advices was held by the insurgents. In this outbreak some ten native regiments, or parts of regiments, making an aggregate of eight thousand men, have disappeared from the Bengal army. Besides these a regiment of native infantry at Calcutta has been disbanded as no longer to be relied upon. The government in England are evidently alarmed at the state of things, as the soldiers dispatched to China are ordered to India, in addition to ten thousand troops from England. Similar mutinous manifestations had been made at Lucknow, at Lahore, and at other points. Adequate measures had been taken, however, by the government against the spread of the mutiny, and probably for the present it will be suppressed. But the end is not.

IN

THE VALLEY OF

N the olden time, as we are wont to call any period extending back to the earlier memories of that noted personage, the "oldest inhabitant," there stood upon the northern side of West Main-street, in Waterbury, a short distance from Center Square, a house known as "the old Judd House," which was for a long period of years the only inn of the village. The house was red, and a capacious stoop extended across its front; at one corner was a venerable weeping elm. In immediate VOL. XI.-22

THE NAUGATUCK.

proximity to the house, extending along the line of the street, was an ample horse shed, in accordance with the fashion of those days. Altogether the establishment was a good representation of the New England inn of the olden time.

This particular locality is not without a certain degree of interest in the early history of Waterbury. It was upon this spot that the first English child was born in this place, and, indeed, I may say in this portion of the state. This English