the Court on court days, and before the chief magistrate in corporations, as the presenting of spices by great men at their entertainments was a very ancient prac

tice.

time of Richard II.

"Alas," says he, "may not a man see, as in our days, the sinful costly array of clothing, and namely, in too much superfluity of clothing, such that maketh it so dear, to the harm of the people, not only the costs of embroidering, the disguised indenting or barring, ounding, platting winding or bending, and semblable waste of cloth in vanity; but there is also the costly furring in their gowns, so much pouncing of chissel to make holes, so much dogging of sheirs-forche, with the superfluity in length of the aforesaid gowns, trailing in the dung and the mire, on horse, and also on foot, as well of man as of woman, that all that trailing is verily in effect wasted, consumed, and threadbare, and rotten with dung rather than given to the poor. Now, as to the outrageous array of women, God wot! that though the visages of some of them seem full chaste and debonnaire, yet notify in her array and attire, licorousness and pride. I

say not that honesty in clothing of man or woman is uncoverable, but assert the superiority of disordinate quality of clothing is reproveable."

About this period a gown called a git, or jacket without sleeves, a loose cloak like a herald's coat of arms, called a tabard, short breeches called a court pie, and a gorget called a chevesail, were first introduced, prior to the use of bands, which they afterwards wore about their

necks.

Side Saddles for women were brought in by Anne, wife to Richard II. Before this time the ladies rode astride like the She also introduced a high head dress, resembling horns, and long gowns with trains, so that she may be considered

above six inches in breadth over the toes. About this period the women, not to be less ridiculous than the men, raised their hips by fox-tails under their clothes, which somewhat resembled our more modern hoops, and the men, piqued to be rivalled in absurdity, shortened their garments so much that it was judged expedient to enact, no person under the dignity of lord should wear from that time any gown or mantle that was not of a sufficient length to cover his buttocks, in the penalty of twenty shillings default." Even for every enty shil the clergy caught the fashionable infec tion, though it has been asserted, that the clergy of England never wore silk or velvet till they were introduced by Cardinal Wolsey. Certain it is, however, that silk and embroidery were worn by the priests in Rome almost as soon as these improvements in the luxury of dress were introduced into Europe.

weu embodied their existence, we shall turn our attention to " the stately trees," and endeavour to ascertain, and to point out, to such of our readers as may be desirous to acquire some knowledge of their varieties and character, with reference to their appearance and effect in landscape, the most striking peculiarities in each species, and the mode best adapted for their delineation. And there it may be well observed, that no set of rules or examples, drawn from other men's labours, will be sufficient to form an original landscape painter; we can only put the proper implements into the hands of the student, form in him a habit of accurate perception, and introduce him to the objects best adapted for his pencil: it is for him to find his own path for the future, and penetrate into the solitudes and the recesses of the forest, where every thing will be congenial to his pursuit, and where he will not have to complain in the elegant language of Quintilian,"Quare silvarum amenitas, et præterlabentia flumina, et inspirantes ramis arborum auræ, volucrumque cantus et ipsa late circumspiciendi libertas, ad se trahunt; ut mihi remittere potius voluptas ista videatur cogitationem, quam intenWherefore the sweet tranquillity of the woods, ' the liquid lapse of murmuring streams,' the soft whisperings of the summer air amid the boughs, the melodies of birds, and the unrestrained freedom that the eye enjoys, all attract the mind to themselves, so that these delights appear to me rather to interrupt than to promote our meditations."

dere."

European trees may, by the painter, be divided into four classes: the roundtopped, as the oak, chesnut, elm, willow, ash, beech, &c.; the spiry-topped, as the different species of the fir-tribe; the shaggy topped, comprehending those of the pine; and the slender-formed, as the Lombardy-poplar and the cypress. In the first of these classes, foremost in dignity and grandeur, the oak stands preeminent, and like the lion among beasts, is the undoubted lord of the forest. Beauty, united with strength, characterises all its parts. The leaves, elegant in their outline, are strongly ribbed, and firmly attached to the spray, which, although, slim and excursive, is yet bold, and determined in its angles, whilst the abrupt and tortuous irregularity of its massive branches, admirably contrasts with the general richness and density of its clustered foliage. Even as a sapling, in its slender gracefulness, it exhibits sufficient firmness and indications of vigour, to predicate the future monarch of the wood; a state, indeed, which it is slow to assume, but which it retains per

sæcula longa, and, when, at length, it is brought to acknowledge the influence of time, and becomes "bald with dry antiquity," no other production of the forest can be admitted as its rival in majestic and venerable decay. The general form of the oak is expansive, luxuriant, and spreading. Its character, both with respect to its whole, and to its larger masses of foliage, is best expressed by the pencil in bold and roundish lines, whether as single trees, as groups, or as forming the line of a distant forest: although when growing more closely together, they assume a loftier and less spreading appearance than the more solitary tree, such as Mason has so beautifully described in his Caractacus :

"Behold yon oak, How stern he frowns, and with his broad broad

arms.

Chills the pale plain beneath him."

But whilst, as an entire object, these curved lines are sufficient to express the general peculiarity of its outline, as well as the larger masses of its foliage, when we come to examine the oak more closely and in detail, we find that a greater variety of line must be adopted to display its singular proportions, so indicative of energy and boldness. The trunk and limbs are characterised by their mazing stre strength, and by their com comparative shortness and crookedness; and the branches by their numerous contortions and abrupt angles, and by the great variety which they exhibit of straight and of crooked lines, and by their frequent tendency to a horizontal direction.

Not unfrequently, however, the forms of the limbs and branches are entirely concealed by the exuberancy of foliage, as is the case in the Bounds-Park oak, and more particularly in that magnificent living canopy,-nulli penetrabilis astro, impervious to the day, (fully described in the Sylva Britannica,) the Chandos oak at Southgate, which, although not exactly a painter's tree, is unquestionably unrivalled for regular beauty and plentitude of shade. The oak, also, is occasionally found to present an extremely graceful and pleasing figure, as is remarkably the case with the celebrated oak at Lord Cowper's. This tree, above a century ago, was well known as the great oak at Panshanger.

There is also a beautiful tree of the same description, at Lord Darnley's seat at Cobham, which, being protected from the depredations of cattle, enjoys the most perfect freedom of growth, extending its latitude of boughs" in every direction, and drooping its clustered foli age to the very ground.

Anecdotiana.

THE PLOUGHMAN THAT SAID HIS PATERNOSTER.

The following is from a scarce jest book printed in black letter early in the sixteenth century; the volume is in the Roxburgh collection :

"A rude uplandisshe ploughman, whiche on a tyme reprovynge a good holy father, sayd that he coude saye all his prayers with a hole mynde, and stedfast intention, without thinkyng on any other thynge. To whome the good holy man sayde, go to, saye one Paternoster to the ende, and thynke on no other thynge: and I will gyve the myn horse. That I shall do quod [quoth] the ploughman, and so began to saye Pater noster, qui es in celis, tyll he came to sanctifecetur nomen tuum, and then his thought moved him to aske this question, yea, but shall I have the sadil and bridel withal." And so he lost his bargain.

DESCRIPTION OF A PERFECT GREYHOUND. Gervase Markham, in his Country Contentments, printed in 1615, gives the folowing quaint advice to Greyhound choosers:ー

If you will have a good tike, Of which there are few like, He must be headed like a snake, Neck't like a drake, Back't like a beam, Sided like a bream, Tailed like a batt, And footed like a catt,

MR. PITT.

WHEN the ambitious potentate of Russia, determined to make war upon the Turks, and had taken Oczakoff as a beginning, Mr. Pitt thought it necessary to interfere for the purpose of saving the Mussulman Empire. In this he was completely successful without going to war, but while the result was in suspense, the Minister, going one morning to the king's levee, was encountered on the stairs by a fribbling peer, richly embroidered, who thinking it an honour to speak to so distinguished a character, said, "Well Mr. Pitt, how is it to be? are we to have peace or war?" The Minister smiled, and replied, "Really my lord, I cannot say, I have not seen the newspapers this morning."

LORD NORBURY.

THIS nobleman whose puns have gained him so much notoriety reading a paragraph in a newspaper last week, in which it is stated that the bust of Granville Sharpe cost the City of London £200, and the dinners, &c. for the Committee, a further sum of £50.--" Why, not," said his Lordship, "where they not a Committee of Taste?"

SYMPATHY IN A PUN.

A doctor and an undertaker met: They spoke of illness, fees, of trade and debt;

Rubens, but she produced Inigo Jones. Vitruvius drew his grammar, Palladic shewed him the practice, Rome displayed a theatre worthy of his emulation, and King Charles was ready to encourage, employ, and reward his talents. Such is the history of Inigo Jones as a genius.

And well they might, for such a dismal day Never was known for coughs and deaths to Parting in fog, they both exclaimed together,

clay

weather."

P.

DATE. DAYS

DIARY.

DATE.

CORRESPONDING CHRONOLOGY.

talicia, died A. D. 1587.

Moon's first quar. 11 af. 11 night.

22 Thurs. St. Yvo died 1303 High Water,

42m af. 7 morn 9m af. 8 even

23 Frid. St. Desiderius.

Sun ris. 3m af. 4 sets-59m af. 7

24 Satur. St. Vincent of Le

rius died A. D. 450.

High Water,

37m af. 9 morn

8m af, 10 even

25 SUN. Whit Sunday.

LES. for the DAY. 16 c. Deut. to v. 18 morn.

11 c. Isaiah even St. Gregory VII. Sun ris. Om af. 4 -sets Om af. 8

--26 Mond. St. Eleutherius. St. Austin, the English Apostle archbp of Canterbury, died AD 610

Whit Monday.
High Water,
11h-39m morn

even

between the allied powers and the French, under Napoleon, when the allied powers were forced from all their positions, leaving the French masters of the field. The loss of the French in this conflict was 12,000 men, and the allies had, it is said, 18000 in wounded only.

--22 1770. Born the King's sister, the Princess Elizabeth, wife of the Prince of Hesse Homburg. 1784. Died the Earl of Mornington, father of his Grace the Duke of Wellington. He was one of the most celebrated glee composers of his time, as well as an excellent violin player. The service in Dublin Cathedral commences every morning with an anthem of his composing.

1824. Expired at his lodgings in London, Dr. Joseph Kemp, composer, once the pupil of the celebrated Mr. Jackson, of Exeter. He was the author of a new System of Musical Education. -23 St. Desiderius was bishop of Venice, and died

A. D. 612.

1706. The battle of Ramilies, a village in Brabant, fought, when the great Duke of Marlborough gained a complete victory over the forces of Louis XIV., and the Elector of Bavaria, who narrowly escaped being made prisoner.

-241689. 'The royal assent was given on this day to the Toleration Act.

1707. Born at Roeshult, in Sweden, the eminent naturalist, Charles von Linnæus. He was the founder and first president of the academy of Stockholm. Under his culture natural history raised itself nearly to perfection, and has from thence disseminated throughout Europe.

-25 On this day is celebrated the descent of the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles, in the visible appearance of fiery cloven tongues, and in those mira. culous powers which were then conferred upon them. On Whit or White Sunday the catechumens who were then baptized, appeared in the antient church in white garments.

St. Gregory VII succeeded Alexander VII in the papacy A. D. 1073. He was advanced by the suffrages of the Cardinals without the Emperor's authority. When the Emperor Henry IV, to whom he was an inveterate enemy took the city of Rome, and set up Clement III, Gregory fled to Salerna, and there died after having sat more than 12 years.

1764. Born at Epping in Essex, Dr. John Mason Good, the translator of Lucretius. He was author of numerous works, among which may be named his valuable-Physiological System of Nosology, and the Study of Medicine, which works are considered far superior to any that have preceded them, for elegance of composition, and the vast fund they contain of practical information.

-26 St. Eleutherius Pope, succeeded Soter, in the reign of Commodus, during his pontificate, Lucius King of Britain sent to him to be admitted into the number of Christians, who thereupon sent Fugatius and Damianus to baptize the people of Britain. He died A. D. 192.

946. On this day while King Edmund brother of Athelstan, was celebrating the feast of St. Augustine, he observed among the intoxicated guests one Leolf whom he had banished six years before for robbery. The King jumped from his seat, seized the man by the hair, and pulled him with himself to the ground. The robber drew his dagger, and in this situation mortally wounded the unhappy monarch in the breast. After having wounded some of the attendants he was cut to death by others.

ILLUSTRATED ARTICLE.

FROM THE CHRONICLES OF THE
CANONGATE.

In the extracts we gave in our last from this admirable work, the following incident was only alluded to the passage was reserved for illustration, and both are now given.

The Glover, who seems to doat on the pugnacious propensities of Harry Smith, has just drawn from him the history of all his rencontres with all sorts and conditions of men; and as soon as the roll is counted, exclaims "Pretty well, for the quietest lad in Perth, who never touches sword but in the way of his profession!-Well, anything more to tell us?' "Little-for the drubbing of a Highlandmann is a thing not worth mentioning.

"For what didst thou drub him, O man of peace?' inquired the Glover. " For nothing that I can remember, replied the Smith, except his presenting himself on the south side of

Stirling Bridge.' VOL. I.

Y

"Well, here is to thee, and thou art welcome to me after all these exploits.Conachar, bestir thee. Let the cans clink, lad, and thou shalt have a cup of the nut-brown for thyself, my boy.'

"Conachar poured out the good liquor for his master and for Catharine, with due observance. But that done, he set the flagon on the table, and sate down.

"How now, sirrah!-be these your manners? Fill to my guest, the worshipful Master Henry Smith."

" Master Smith may fill for himself, if he wishes for liquor,' answered the youthful Celt. "The son of my father has demeaned himself enough already for one evening."

""That's well crowed for a cockeril,' said Henry; "but thou art so far right, my lad, that the man deserves to die of thirst who will not drink without a cupbearer.'

66

But his entertainer took not the contumacy of the young apprentice with so much patience." Now, by my honest word, and by the best glove I ever made,' said Simon, ""thou shalt help 21-SATURDAY, MAY 31, 1828.