abominable: it insinuateth me of insanie. Ne intelligis Domine, to make frantick,lunatick ? Shakspeare's Love's Labour Lost. Where all life dies, death lives, and nature breeds, Than fables yet have feign'd, or fear conceiv'd, Milton's Paradise Lost, b. ii. And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of Corruption, which Solomon, the king of Israel, had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile. 2 Kings, xxiii. 13. The queen and ministry might easily redress this abominable grievance, by endeavouring to choose men of virtuous principles. Swift's Project for the Advancement of Religion. Covetousness is idolatry, that the love of money is the root of all evil, that it has occasioned in some even the shipwreck of their faith, and is always, in whomsoever it obtains, an abomination. Cowper's Letters ABON, ABONA, or ABONIS, from abbon, or aton, Celt. a river, the ancient name of a river in Britain, supposed to be the Avon; also a town in Albion, supposed by Camden to be Abingdon, and by others, who argue from the distance, (9 miles from Venta Silurum) to be Porshut, upon Avon, opposite Bristol. ABONY, a flourishing Hungarian settlement, in the Ketskemet and county of Pest. ABORIGINES. The term aborigines, though now an appellative, was originally a proper name given only to a people of Italy, who inhabited ancient Latium. St. Jerome says, they were so called, as being, absque origine, the primitive planters of the country after the flood; Aurelius Victor, that they were called Aborigines, q. d.. Aberrigines, from ab, from, and errare, to wander; as having been before a wandering people. The term in fact signifies, of unknown origin; and has therefore in ancient and modern times described the oldest inhabitants of any country. ABORT, a. & n. Ab: orior, to rise from; ABORTION, to arise out of season; ABORSEMENT, to bring forth prematureABORTIVE, ly, or before the time; to ABOR'TIVELY, miscarry; to fail in bringABORT MENT. ing to perfection. Of these words abortion and abortive only are in present use. They are all applied to animal and vegetable productions, and to imperfect or unsuccessful mental operations. All th' unaccomplished works of nature's hand, Milton's Paradise Lost, b. iii. 1. 456. Of unessential night receives him next, Concealed treasures, now lost to mankind, shall be brought into use by the industry of converted penitents, whose wretched carcases the impartial laws dedicate, as untimely feasts, to the worms of the earth, in whose womb those deserted mineral riches must ever lie buried as lost abortments, unless those be made the active midwives to deliver them. WIFERY. ABORTIVE CORN, a distemper of corn mentioned by M. Gillet, and suspected to be occasioned by insects. It appears long before harvest, and may be known by a deformity of the stalk, the leaves, the ear, and even the grain. ABORTIVE VELLUM, is made of the skin of an abortive calf. ABOU-HANIFET, in Mahometan theology, a doctor and founder of a sect in the 8th century, who was imprisoned and died at Bagdad, A.D. 757, for his denial of predestination. His followers became numerous, and a mausoleum was built by one of the caliphs to his memory. ABOUILLONA, or ABELLIONTE, a lake, island, and town of Asiatic Turkey, at the foot of Olympus, and supposed to contain the scite of the ancient Apollonia. It.is distant eight miles, and a stream called Lupat communicates from the W. of the lake to the sea of Marmora. ABOUKIR, a town of Egypt, 10 miles N. E. of Alexandria, between the sea, and the lake Mareotis. It is the ancient Canopus, according to M. Savary, and stands upon a ridge of rocks which communicates with Aboukir, a small island, about a league from the town, mentioned by Pliny and Strabo. ABOUKIR BAY, formed by the same ridge of rocks, offered the best landing place which Sir Ralph Abercrombie could select for the disembarkation of the British army in 1801, (see. Abercrombie,) and is distinguished in the British annals as the scene of the memorable battle of the Nile, (or of Aboukir,) fought by our intrepid Thou eluish mark'd abortive rooting hogge, How often hast thou waited at my cup, Shakspeare's Henry VI. p. ii. ABOULFEDA, (Ismael,) prince of Hamah in Syria, one of the most celebrated of the Arabian geographers and historians. He was born at Damascus in 1273, and soon became distinguished by his learning. In 1321 he wrote an important geographical work, which Grævius published in London, in 1660. He wrote also the lives of Mahomet and Saladin; the former was printed at Oxford in 1723, and the latter at Leyden in 1732. His Annals of Mahometanism, a work in high estimation, was published with a Latin version at Copenhagen, in 5 vols. 4to. in 17891794. He was a soldier as well as a scholar, and served in several expeditions with his father; was present at the storming of Tripoli in 1289, and in 1291 at the capture of Acre, distinguishing himself as well by his skill as his bravery. died in 1331. Professor White gives several chapters of extracts from Abulfeda in his Pocock's Specimen Hist. Arabum, Oxon. 1806. ABOULOLA, (Ahmed,) an eminent Arabian poet, blind, like our great Milton; but esteemed one of the principal ornaments of his country. He was born A. D. 973, and died 1057. He ABOUTIGE, or ABUTIGE, a market-town in Upper Egypt, near the Nile, where quantities of poppies grow, of which the natives make the best opium in the Levant. It was formerly the abotis of Stephanus. ABOVE', prep. and adv. Ang. Sax. bufan, be-ufan; top or head. Written variously by our older writers. It designates the upper or uppermost, and is much used as a prefix in composition. And God sent him tokenyng on nyght als he slepe, R. Brunne, p. 32. Milton. Addison. True dignity is his, whose tranquil mind ABOUND', v. Abundo, ab: from unda, ABOUND'ING, a wave. A metaphor derived ABUN'DANCE, from water when it exceeds ABUN'DANT. the bounds which should ABUN'DANTLY, contain its stream. Hence, to overflow; to be rich; to have in great plenty. And, brethren, we preien ghou, that ghe knowe hem that traueilen among ghou, and ben souereyns to ghou in the lord, and techen ghou that ghe haue hem aboundauntli in charite, and for the werk of hem haue ghe pees with hem. Wiclif. 1 Tessal. chap. v. For well I wot, most mighty sovereign, That all this famous antique history, Of some th' abundance of an idle brain Will judged be, and painted forgery. Good, the more Spenser. Communicated, more abundant grows; Paradise Lost, b. v. God on thee Abundantly his gifts hath also pour'd: Inward and outward both, his image fair. Paradise Lost, b. viii. Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life. Genesis i. 20. Their chief enterprise was the recovery of the Holy Land; in which worthy, but extremely difficult action, it is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble blood hath been shed, with very small benefit unto the Christian state. Sir Walter Raleigh's Essays. Crashaw At the whisper of thy word, Crown'd abundance spreads my board. Circles are prais'd, not that abound In largeness, but the' exactly bound: So life we praise that does excel, Not in much time, but acting well. The doubled charge his subjects' love supplies; Who, in that bounty, to themselves are kind : So glad Egyptians see their Nilus rise; And, in his plenty, their abundance find. Waller Dryd. Ann. Mir. Heroic poetry has ever been esteemed the greatest In that rank has Aristotle work of human nature. placed it; and Longinus is so full of the like expressions, that he abundantly confirms the other's testiDryd. State of Innocence, pref. mony. The river Inn is shut up between mountains covered with woods of fir-trees. Abundance of peasants are employed in hewing down the largest of these trees; that, after they are barked and cut into shape, are tumbled down. Addis. on Italy. If the Prophecies have been fulfilled (of which there is abundant demonstration) the Scripture must be the word of God; and if the Scripture is the word of God, Christianity must be true. Cowper's Letters. ABOUT', prep. and adv. Saxon abuda, on buya, or on boda. The first limit or boundary of any thing. It also implies approximation to other things. About was also used like a verb in the imperative mood, and is so still in nautical phraseology. In this sense it is derived immediately from the French a-bout, a verb being understood. Goggomagog was a geand swipe grete and strong, Gold hath these natures: greatness of weight; closeness of parts; fixation; pliantness, or softness; immunity from rust; colour, or tincture of yellow : Therefore the sure way (though most about) to make gold, is to know the causes of the several natures before rehearsed. Bacon's Natural Hist. No. 328. About him all the sanctities of Heav'n Stood thick as stars, and from his sight receiv'd Beatitude past utt'rance. Milton. My brain, about again; for thou hast found New projects now to work upon. Iron Age. 1632. Children should always be heard, and fairly and kindly answered, when they ask after any thing they would know, and desire to be informed about. riosity should be as carefully cherished in children, as other appetites suppressed. Cu Locke. Even in the hour of death, he (the good man) considers the pains of his dissolution to be nothing else than the breaking down of that partition which stands betwixt his soul, and the sight of that being who is always present, and is about to display himself to him in fulness of joy. Spectator. ABRA, a silver coin of Poland, formerly worth about one shilling sterling, also a coin of the errors of Paulus; but were suppressed by Poland of the value of three half-pence. ABRA, an island of the Southern Ocean, in the straits of Magellan, at the entrance of the passage, as it is called. ABRABANEL, ABARBANEL, or AVRAVANEL, (Isaac,) a celebrated rabbi, born at Lisbon, in 1437, and said to be descended from king David. He was counsellor to Alphonso V, and afterwards to Ferdinand I. but was obliged to leave Portugal along with his brethren Jews, in 1492. Though he was an avowed enemy to Christianity in his writings, yet he treated Christians with politeness. The Jews called him the sage, the prince, and the great politician. He wrote a commentary on the Old Testament, which is scarce; a Treatise on the Creation, wherein he refutes Aristotle's notion of the eternity of the world; another on the prophecies relating to the Messiah, against the Christians; with a work concerning articles of Faith, and some others of less importance. He died at Venice in 1508, aged 71. ABRACADABRA, is said to have been the name of a god worshipped by the Syrians, and was recommended as a magical antidote against agues and fevers. It was written in a kind of inverted cone, omitting the last letter of the former every time it was repeated: thus, αβρακα αβρα αβρακα δαβρ Cyriacus, patriarch of Antioch. ABRAM'S CREEK, a river of North America, entering the Hudson, about 4 miles from the city of that name, in the state of New York. ABRAMIS, in ichthyology, the Cyprinus latus, or bream. ABRANTES, a town of Portugal, in Estremadura, seated on the Tajus, and giving name to a marquisate. It is surrounded with gardens and olive yards, and occupies a most romantic situation. Distant 45 miles E. of Lisbon. ABRASA, in medicine, ulcers attended with abrasion of part of the substance, or where the skin is so tender as to be subject to ABRASION. ABRASAX, or ABRAXAS, the name given to the Deity by the Basilidian heretics, and composed of Greek numerals, which amount to the number 365. For Basilides taught that there were 365 heavens between the Empyrean heaven and the earth; each of which had its angel that created it, and each of whom again was created by the next superior angel, thus ascending by a scale to the supreme Creator. Some authors allege that the Basilidians concealed the doctrine of the Trinity, under this word, and that the initials a, ß, p, stand for the Hebrew words Ab, Ben, Rough, i. e. Father, Son, and Spirit. Windelin, of Tournay, improving upon this, explains the whole word thus, Pater Filius αβρακα διαβ α βρακα αβρακα δ 2 Spiritus Sanctus 100 homines αβρακα аврак αβρα a ß e α β a ABRADATES, in ancient history, a king of Susa who surrendered himself to Cyrus, and was killed in battle for the Persian cause. Xenoph. Cyrop. v. ABRAHAM, ≈198, Heb. i. e. Father of a great multitude, the youngest son of Terah, and the 10th in descent from Noah, founder of the Jewish nation. One fourth of the book of Genesis is occupied with his history; and to its ample and authentic details we refer the reader. In the first ages of Christianity, the Sethians dispersed a work entitled Abraham's Revelation; and a work on the Creation, ascribed to him, which is mentioned in the Talmud, was printed at Paris in 1552: Rittangel, a converted Jew, professor at Konigsberg, published it with remarks, in 1642. ABRAHAM, (Nicholas,) a learned Jesuit, of Lorrain, born in 1589, and seventeen years professor of Divinity in the university of Pont-a-Mousson. He wrote a Collection of Theological pieces in folio, entitled Pharus Veteris Testamenti; Notes on Virgil and Nonnius; a Commentary on some of Cicero's Orations, in 2 vols. folio, and other works. ABRAHAMIANS, or ABRAHAMITES, a sect of monks, in the 9th century, who were exterminated by Theophilus for worshipping images; also a sect which, in the 8th century, renewed 1 It is also frequently put for the stone, or medal, on which the word was engraved. ABRASION, in medicine, the wearing away, or paring off, superficial ulcerations. ABRAUM, in natural history, a popular name for a species of red clay, used in England by the cabinet-makers, &c. to give a red colour to new mahogany wood. ABREAST, a maritime phrase, signifying side by side, or even opposite to; and used to denote ships lying, or sailing, with their sides parallel to each other. It has a more particular reference to the line of battle at sea. When the line is formed abreast, the whole squadron advances uniformly and evenly; the commander-inchief being always stationed in the centre, and the ships equi-distant from each other. Abreast of any place, signifies being opposite to it. In the interior of the ship, abreast means to be on the starboard or larboard side of the main hatchway, in opposition to afore or abaft the hatchway. ABREAST. See BREAST. ABREIRO, a market-town of Trast-losMontes, in Portugal, comprehending a district of ten parishes, belonging to the Villa-Real family. ABRENTIUS, in ancient history, the governc of Tarentum, appointed by Hannibal, who gave up that city to the Romans at the instigation of a beautiful woman. ABRETTENE, or ABRETTINE, in ancient geography, a district of Mysia, in Asia, from which the epithet Abrettenus was given to Jupiter. Strabo. ABREUVOIR, in military affairs, a tank to receive water in the case of encampment; also, small trenches in stone quarries to carry off the water. ABRI, in military affairs, shelter, or protection, as that derived from a wood, &c. ABRIDGE', v. Abreger, Fr. from the GerABRIDG'ER, man Brechen, to break.-Sax. ABRIDG'MENT. Abræccan, nearly synonimous with abbreviate; to shorten, to lessen, to give the same substance, or that portion of it which may be considered necessary in less compass than the original, to make an abstract. Largesse it is, whose priuilege Gower Con. A. b. vii. Surely this commandment containeth the law and the prophets; and, in this one word, is the abridgement of all volumes of Scripture. Hooker, b. ii. sec. 5. THES. Say, what abridgment have you for this evening? What mask? what musick? how shall we beguile Make choice of which your highness will see first. By shewing something a more swelling port, Ayliffe's Parergon Juris Canonici. And spoil, like bales unopen'd to the sun. Young's Complaint, night ii. ABROAD', adv. Broad from the Ang. Sax. Brædan, Abrædan, to broaden, enlarge, extend. The orthography of this word differs among ancient writers. See the following authorities. Opposed to home, or at home. With thulke stroc he smot al of the scolle and ek That the brain orn al abrod in the pauiment their Shakspeare's T. Shrew. Intermit no watch Against a wakeful foe; while I abroad, Again the lonely fox roams far abroad, This cell's my court; here have I few attendants, Dryd. Span. Friar. It is not barely a man's abridgment in his external accommodations which makes him miserable; but when his conscience shall tell him that it was his sin and his folly which brought him under that abridgment. We have no slaves at home. Why then abroad? South. He who sojourns in a foreign country, refers what he sees and hears abroad, to the state of things at home. Atterb. Serm. Idolatry is certainly the first-born of folly, the great and leading paradox; nay the very abridgment and sum total of all absurdities. South's Sermons. All trying, by a love of littleness, To make abridgments, and to draw to less Even that nothing, which at first we were. Donne. The constant desire of happiness, and the constraint it puts upon us, no body (I think) accounts an abridgment of liberty, or at least an abridgment of liberty to be complained of. Locke. ABROACH', v. and adv. Sax. Abracan, to break. To abroach, or broach a vessel, is to break into it, to tap it, to prepare to draw off its contents. Hence figuratively, to commence, to set any thing going. Broach has also a different signification, which see under the word. From when had you this doctrine M. Hardinge? who set it first abroche? who taught it? who cotirmed it? who allowed it? Jewel's Defence of the Apologie. Let but some upstart heresy be set abroach, and presently there are some out of a curious humour; others, as if they watched an occasion of singularity, Cowper. ABROCHMENT, or ABROCAMENTUM, in old law. See ABBROCHMENT. ABROGATE, Į Ab rogo: Rogare legem, ABROGATION, or facere rogationem populi, among the Romans, to propose a new law to the people in order to obtain their sanction to its passing. A successful application to the same authority was essential to the repeal of a law; hence also, abrogare legem; conformably to the latter usage, to unmake, repeal, annul, or make void, are the significations in English. Besides this all estatutes made by king Edward were clerely reuoked, abrogated, and made frustrate. Hall, p. 286. cause. I do not abrogate the grace of God, for if righteousnesse be by the law, then Christ died without a Geneva Bible, 1561. Gal. chap. ii. v. 21. Laws have been made, upon special occasions; which occasions ceasing, laws of that kind do abrogate themselves. Hooker, b. iv. sec. 14. The negative precepts of men may cease by many instruments, by contrary customs, by public disrelish, by long omission: but the negative precepts of God ABROHANNI, ABROANI, or MALLEMOLLI, a kind of muslin, or clear, white, fine cotton cloth, brought from the East Indies, particularly from Bengal. ABROLHOS, or ABROLKOS, dangerous shoals about fifty miles from the coast of Brazil, and tear the Island of St. Barbe. Their centre is in lat. 17, 51'. S. Long. 39°, 18'. W. ABROMA, in botany, a genus of the class polyadelphia, and order dodecandria. It has been denominated Indian flax, as being excellent for making cordage. The fibres are interwoven with the bark, and are remarkably beautiful, fine, and strong. To procure their separation from the parenchymatous substance, they are macerated in water from four to eight days. The world owes to Dr. Roxburgh this important discovery. See his paper on the subject in Memoirs of the Society of Arts for 1804. ABRON, a river of France, entering the Loire, between Avril and Lamotte. ABRONO, or ABRUGI, in botany, a name given by Serapion and others to the heart pease. ABROTANUM, in botany. See ARTEMISIA and SANTOLINA. ABROTANOIDES, in natural history, a coral in the form of the abrotanum. ABROTONUM, in ancient geography, a town on the Mediterranean, in the district of Syrtis Parva, in Africa. Pliny, v. 4. ABRUG-BANYA, a populous town in Transylvania, on the river Ompay, 21 miles above Alba Julia. There are mines of gold and silver near it, and the mine court was formerly held in it. It is the chief of what are called the Metal towns. ABRUGI. See ABRONO. ABRUPT', adj. to Ab: rumpo, ruptum, break off, or away from. ABRUPTLY, Broken off from. These ABRUPT'NESS words express or imply sudden, violent, or unexpected separation of a part from the whole. Pardon, if my abruptnesse breed disease; "He merits not t' offend that hastes to please." Jonson. The devel he is a spirit, and hath means and opportunitie to mingle himselfe with our spirits, and sometimes more slily, sometimes more abruptly and openly, to suggest devellish thoughts into our hearts. Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. Abrupt, with eagle-speed, she cut the sky; Instant invisible to mortal eye. Pope's Homer's Odyssey, b. i. Then all the world of waters sleeps again. ABRUZZO, a mountainous province of Naples, bounded on the E. by the gulph of Venice; on the N. and W. by Ancona, Umbria and the Campagna of Rome; and on the S. by the Terra di Lavora and Molise. It is divided into two parts by the river Pescara, called Ulteriore and Citeriore. The former has Aquila, and the latter Sulmona, for its capital. The country, though cold, is fertile in corn, rice, fruits, saffron, vines and olives. The rice of Teramo is little inferior to that of Lombardy. A great deal of it is exported, as well as of oil, wines, and Turkey wheat; but the staple commodity is wool, the greatest part of which is sent off unwrought, there being no woollen manufactures in the province, except two small ones of coarse cloth. The sheep, after spending the summer on the mountains, are brought down to pass the winter in the warm plains of Puglia, and some other places on the coast, where the snow does not lie. This whole coast, one hundred miles in length, is utterly destitute of sea-ports; and the only spots where the produce can be embarked are dangerous inconvenient roads, at the mouths of rivers and along a lee shore. Villages, castles, and feudatory estates, are to be met with in abundance; but the numbers of their inhabitants are to be reckoned by hundreds, not thousands: the political and social system being here wholly in decay. Monte-corno and Mayallo are among the most interesting natural features of the province; the first evidently contains many valuable veins of metallic ore; but the great difficulty of access renders the search of them almost impracticable. Mayallo has other merits, and of a gayer kind.-Nature has clothed its declivities and elevated fields with an infinite variety of her most precious plants; vulnerary herbs grow there in as great perfection as on the Alps of Swisserland, and are applied by the natives to wounds with equal success. The warlike nations, who descended hither from the north, have left many traces of their customs and languages, as well as numerous monumental inscriptions; and the inhabitants are said to differ remarkably from the more southern Neapolitans. ABSCESS, in surgery, from abscedo, to depart: a cavity containing pus, or, a gathering of matter; so called, because the parts which were joined are now separated; one part receding from another, to make way for the collected matter. See SURGERY. ABSCIND', v. Ab: scindo, to cut off or ABSCIS'SION. away from. Applied naturally, and to operations in surgery, &c. figuratively in medicine, astrology, rhetoric, and divinity. Fabricius ab Aquapendente renders the abscission of them difficult enough, and not without danger. Wiseman's Surgery. By cessation of oracles, with Montacutius, we may understand this intercision, not abscission or consummate desolation. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 12. When two syllables likewise are abscinded from the rest, they evidently want some associate sounds to Rambler. make them harmonious ABSCISSE, or ABSCISSA, in mathematics, part of the diameter or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted between the vertex, or some |