ADMONITIO FUSTIUM, among the Romans, a military punishment, not unlike our whipping, but performed with vine branches.

ADMONITION, in ecclesiastical affairs, a part of discipline much used in the ancient church. It was the first act, or step, .towards the punishment, or expulsion of delinquents. In case of private offences, it was performed, according to the evangelical rule, privately: in case of public ado, the people to bind themselves by solemn oath. offence, openly, before the church. If either of those sufficed for the recovery of the fallen person, all further proceedings in the way of censure ceased if they did not, recourse was had to excommunication.

A man that is inquisitive is commonly envious, for to know much of other men's matters cannot be, because all that ado may concern his own estate. Bacon's Essay on Enry. They moved, and in the end persuaded, with much

ADMONT, a market-town, in the circle of Judenbirg, Upper Syria, between the Ens and Belta, six miles N.N.E. of Rottenman.

ADMORTIZATION, in the feudal customs, the reduction of the property of lands or tenements to mortmain. See MORTMAIN.

ADMOVE' v.

Ad: moveo, to move towards, to approach.

If, unto the powder of loadstone or iron, we admore the north pole of the loadstone, the powders or small divisions will erect and conform themselves thereto : but if the south pole approach, they will subside, and inverting their bodies, respect the loadstone with the other extream. Brown's Vulgar Errours.

ADNA'SCENT, v.
ADNATE

Let's follow, to see the end of this ado.

Hooker.

Shakspeare.

I made no more ado, but took all their seven points in my target.

Shakspeare's Henry IV.

With much ado, he partly kept awake;
Not suff'ring all his eyes repose to take.

Dryden.

AD OCTO, q. d. to the eighth number; a term used by some ancient philosophers, to denote the highest, or superlative degree.

ADOLESCENCE, n Ad: olesco, to ADOLESCENCY. grow perceptibly; to advance to adult age or maturity; usually the time of life between twelve and twenty-one The Romans extended the period to forty years. Livy calls the Tarquins adolescentes, although they were above thirty years of age. Cæsar is styled adolescens, when six and thirty.

Those times which we

Ad: nascor, natus, to term vulgarly the old ? grow to; growing to, or world, were indeed the youth or adolescence of it. Supon.

Moss, which is an adnascent plant, is to be rubbed and scraped off with some instrument of wood which may not excorticate the tree. Evelyn's Sylva. Osteologers have very well observed, that the parts appertaining to the bones, which stand out at a distance from their bodies, are either the adnate or the enate

bones.

parts, either the epiphyses, or the apophyses of the Smith's Old Age. ADNATA, in anatomy, a thick white membrane, investing the ball of the eye; and forming its outermost coat; called also circumossalis and circumcalcalis. It is the tunica adnata, that makes what we commonly call the white of the eye whence it is also called the albuginea. It springs from the pericranium, and grows to the exterior part of the tunica cornea, serving to connect the whole eye both to the palpebræ, and the adjacent bones, and thus keep it fast in the socket. A little round aperture is left in the forepart, called the sight, through which the iris and pupilla appear. The adnata abounds with veins and arteries, which, though ordinarily not visible, are conspicuous in ophthalmies, which are properly inflammations of this part.

ADNATA is also a term used for such things as grow upon animal or vegetable bodies, whether inseparably, as hair, wool, horns, &c. or accidentally, as the several epistical plants. Among gardeners, it denotes those off-sets, which by a new germination under the earth, proceed from the lily, narcissus, hyacinth, and other flowers, and afterwards grow to true roots; what the French call cayeux, or stalks.

ADNOUN, ADNOMEN, or ADNAME, in grammar, another name for an adjective. ADO, n. See Do.

Howell's Letters.

He was so far from a boy, that he was a man born, and at his full stature, if we believe Josephus, who places him in the last adolescency, and makes him twenty-five years old.

Brown.

ADOLESCENTIA, ADOLESCENCE, from adolescere, to grow, the state of growing youth; which has been understood to last as long as the fibres continue to grow, either in magnitude or firmness. It is commonly computed to be between fifteen and twenty-five, or even thirty years of age; though in different constitutions, its terms are very different.—The Romans usually reckoned it from twelve to twenty-five in boys ; and, to twenty-one in girls, &c.—And yet, among their writers, juvenis and adolescens are frequently used indifferently, for any person under forty-five years.

ADOLPHUS FREDERICK SCHACHT, a silver mine in Sweden, which produced a great deal of silver between 1742 and 1747.

ADOLLAM. See ADULLAM. ADOM, a territory lying toward the interior of the Gold Coast of Africa. It is of small extent and little known.

ADONAI, 78, Heb. i. e. the Lord, one of the names of the Supreme Being in the Scriptures. The proper meaning of which is, lords, in the plural number; as Adoni is lord, in the singular. The Jews, who either out of respect, or superstition, do not pronounce the name of Jehovah, read Adonai in the room of it, as often as they meet with Jehovah in the Hebrew text. Leigh, (in his Crit. Sacr.) observes, that "the word Kupioc, [synonimous with 178, Adonai,} is in the writings of the Apostles simply and absolutely ascribed to Christ saith Zanchius, a thousand times. In the Old and New Testaments

this title is attributed to Gon, more than a thousand times, saith Gerhard. The Hebrew word 178, Adonai, springs from 178, Adon, and that from Eden, which signifieth a base or pillar, which sustaineth any thing; the Greek [Kupios, one who hath rule or dominion, being a word of relation. Our English word Lord, hath much like force with the Hebrew 78, being contracted of our old Saxon word Laford, which is by interpretation, a sustainer." Leigh's Crit. Sucr. in υετό κύριος.

pro

ADONI, a district of Hindostan, in the vince of Bejapoor, on the south side of the Toombuddra. It extends between the 15th and 16th degree of N. Lat. and has the Nizam's dominions to the north, and the Gooty hills southward. This is a portion of the Balaghaut districts, part of the Nizam's territory, which he definitively ceded to the British in 1800, and is included in the Bellary collectorship' of the government of BOMBAY,

ADONI, a city of Hindostan, in the province of Bejapoor, the capital of the above district. It stands in N. Lat. 15°, 32'. and E. Long. 77, 16. 145 miles S.W. of Hyderabad, (175 travelling miles) 243 from Seringapatam, and 310 from Madras. This town is falling to decay, but is finely and strongly situated on a hill, where numerous fountains of water are found, and the relics of several magnificent structures. It fell to the Mahomedan princes of the Decan, in the sixteenth century, at which period (1568) it was esteemed almost impregnable by its former masters, the rajahs of Bijanagur. A temporary independent state was created in the neighbourhood by the Patans during the last century; to this succeeded the dominion of Bazalet Jung, the brother of Nizam Ali; that of Tippoo, who besieged, and almost destroyed Adoni, in 1787; and finally, that of the British, to whom the city was ceded with the province in 1800.

ADONIA, in antiquity, solemn feasts in honour of Venus and of her beloved Adonis. The Adonia were observed with great solemnity by most nations; Greeks, Phoenicians, Lycians, Syrians, Egyptians, &c. From Syria, they are supposed to have passed into India. They were observed at Alexandria in the time of St. Cyril; and at Antioch, in that of Julian the Apostate, who happened to enter the city during the solemnity, which was taken for an ill-omen. The Adonia lasted two days: on the first of which, certain images of Venus and Adonis were carried, with all the pomp and ceremonies practised at funerals: the women wept, tore their hair, beat their breasts, &c. imitating the cries and lamentations of Venus for the death of her paramour. This lamentation they called Acwviaouoc. The Syrians were distinguished for their dolorous cries on this occasion, shaving their heads, &c. Among the Egyptians, the queen herself used to carry the image of Adonis in procession. St. Cyril mentions an extraordinary ceremony practised by the Alexandrians: a letter was written to the women of Byblos, to inform them that Adonis was found again: this letter was thrown into the sea, which (it was pretended) did not fail punctually to convey it to Byblos in seven days; upon the receipt of which, the Byblian women ceased

their mourning, sung his praises, and made re-
joicings as if he were raised to life again. Or
rather, according to Meursius, the two offices
of mourning and rejoicing made two distinct
feasts, which were held at different times of the
year, the one six months after the other; Adonis
being supposed to pass half the year with Proser
pine, and half with Venus. The Egyptian
Adonia are said to have been held in memory of
the death of Osiris; by others, of his sickness
and recovery. Bishop Patrick dates their origin
from the slaughter of the first-born in the time
of Moses. The Abbè Banier wrote a Memoir
on the subject; and among Shakspeare's poems,
is a long one on Venus's affection for Adonis.
The text of the Vulgate in Ezekiel vii. 14. says,
that this prophet saw women sitting in the tem-
ple, and weeping for Adonis: according to the
reading of the Hebrew text, they are said to weep
for Tammuz, or the hidden one. Now among
'the Egyptians, Adonis was adored under the name
of Osiris, who was sometimes called Ammuz, or
Tammuz, the concealed, to denote probably his
death or burial. The Hebrews also, in derision,
call him the dead, Psalm evi. 28. and Lev. xix.
28; and at other times, the image of jealousy,
Ezekiel viii. 5, because he was the object of
the god Mars's jealousy. F. Calmet is of opinion,
that the Ammonites and Moabites gave him the
name of Baal-peor. See BAAL-PEOR.

ADONIC, in poetry, a short kind of verse, consisting of a dactylus and a spondeus, or a trocheus; such as rara juventus. It is so named from Adonis, having been originally used in the Threnæ, or lamentations for that favourite of Venus.

ADONIDES, in botany, authors who have given descriptions, or catalogues, of the plants cultivated in some particular place. Linnæus.

ADONIDIS HORTI, Adonis's gardens, an appellation for gardens beautifully arranged, and more intended for pleasure than profit.

ADONION, among the ancient botanists, a species of southernwood, according to Gorraus, which used to be set in pots, and served as an ornament for gardens.

ADONIS, or ADONIUS, in ancient geography, a river of Phoenicia, rising in mount Lebanon, and falling into the sea, after a north-west course, at Byblos.

ADONIS, in antiquity, a drink made of wine, mixed with flour of roasted ador; otherwise called Cyceon.

ADONIS, in botany, BIRD'S-EYE, or PHEASANT'S EYE; a genus of the class polyandria, order polygynia. It is associated with the multisliquæ, or twenty-sixth natural order. The characters are, CAL. a perianthium, consisting of five obtuse concave leaves, somewhat coloured, and deciduous; COR. from five to fifteen oblong petals obtuse and glossy; STAM. very numerous, short, subulated filaments; the antheræ oblong and inflected: PIST. numerous germina collected in a head; no styli; the stigmata acute and reflected ; no pericarpium; the receptacle is oblong and spiked. The seeds numerous, irregular, angular, gibbous at the base, reflected at the top, somewhat prominent, and awnless. The most remarkable species are:

1. ADONIS ANNUA, a native of Kent.

2. ADONIS ESTIVALIS.

3. ADONIS APENNINA.

4. ADONIS VERNALIS, or perennial adonis. ADONIS, in the heathen mythology, the son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus, and the favourite of the goddess Venus. He was said to have been killed by a wild boar, to the inconsolable grief of the goddess, in the Idalian wood. The fables, respecting his fate, after his death, are very contradictory; some representing him as having been turned into a blood-coloured flower; others into a river, which, at certain seasons, flowed with blood; and a third tradition stating, that Venus having applied to Jupiter for his restoration to life, he was allowed to spend one half of the year with her, and the other with Proserpine. See ADONIA.

ADONIS, in zoology, a small fish, of the anguilliform kind, of a cylindric shape, and about six inches long. Ray supposes this fish, which is also called exocatus to be the same with the exocœtus, of Bellonius, or the gattorugine. It is remarkable for sleeping on the surface of the water, and near the shores; and Rondeletius affirms, that he has seen them sleeping upon the dry rocks.

ADONISTS, a party among divines and cri-
tics, who contend against the Hebrew points.
ADONIUM. See ADONION.
ADONIUS. See ADONIS.

ADONI-ZEDEK, p, Heb. i. e. the Lord's Justice, or the Lord of Justice, a heathen king of Jerusalem, who, jealous of the Israelites under Joshua, formed an alliance with four neighbouring princes, to stop their progress. Joshua x.

ADOORS', Adv: At doors, at the door,
But what, Sir, I beseech ye, was that paper,
Your Lordship was so studiously employed in,
When you came out adoors.

Beaumont and Fletcher's Woman Pleased. If I get in adoors, not the power o' th' country, nor all my aunt's curses shall disembogue me.

Idem, Little Thief. The other of them came to another of like condition in like manner, as desiring her company, but so as she would go out at doors.

ADOPT', v.
ADOPTEDLY,
ADOP'TION,
ADOPTIVE.

Gataker's Spiritual Watch. Ad: opto, to choose; to exercise the will and the judgment with regard to an object;

Adoptedly, as school-maids change their names.
By vain (though apt) affection. Shakspeare.
Were none of all my father's sisters left;
Nay, were I of my mother's kin bereft;
None, by an uncle's or a grandame's side;
Yet I could some adopted heir provide. Dryden.
Whether, adopted to some neighbouring star,
Thou roll'st above us in thy wand'ring race;
Or, in procession fix'd and regular,
Mov'st with the heaven's majestic pace;
Or call'd to more celestial bliss,
Thou tread'st with seraphims the vast abyss.

Ibid.

We are seldom at ease from the solicitation of our natural or adopted desires; but a constant succession of uneasinesses (out of that stock which natural wants or acquired habits have heaped up) take the will in their turns. Locke

Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play,
The soul adopts, and owns their first-born sway;
Lightly they frolic o'er the vacant mind,
Unenvy'd, unmolested, uncontin'd.

Goldsmith's Deserted Village.

I have adopted the Roman sentiment, that it is more honourable to save a citizen, than to kill an enemy, and have been more careful to protect than Johnson's Preface to Shakspeare.

to attack.

ADOPTER, in chemistry. See RECEIVER. ADOPTIANI, in church history, a sect of heretics of the eight century, who advanced the notion, that Jesus Christ, is the Son of God, not by nature, but by adoption.

ADOPTION, in antiquity, was a common custom among the ancient Greeks and Romans, yet not practised, but for certain causes expressed in the laws, and with certain prescribed formalities. It was a sort of imitation of nature, intended for the comfort of those who had no children wherefore he that was to adopt was to have no children of his own, nor to be likely to have children; yet eunuchs were not allowed to adopt; neither was it lawful for a young man to adopt an elder, because that would have been contrary to the order of nature. It was even required that the person who adopted should be eighteen years older than his adopted son, that there might at least appear a probability of his being the natural father.

Among the Greeks it was called vorns filiation; and was allowed to such as had no issue of their own; excepting those who were not their own masters, e. g. slaves, women, madmen, infants, or persons under twenty years of age. Foreigners being incapable of inheriting at

Sment wer, gardu arly Athens, if any were adopted, it was necessary

lect the child of another person, and to provide for it as one's own. The Roman customs abound with instances of this practice. See our GENERAL ARTICLE.

For when Rene, Duke of Angcou, last king of Sci

cile, departed without any heire male of hys wyfe
lawfully begotten, he did adopt to his heyre of all his
realmes and dominios, Lewes the Eleventh, father to
the third kyng Charles.
Hall, p. 457.
To all the duties of evangelical grace, instead of the
adoptive and cheerful boldness which our new alliance
with God requires, came servile and thrall-like fear.
Milton of Ref. in Eng. b. i.
Tythe is not simply a Levitical duty, but respec-
tively, not the natural child of Moses's law, but
the adoptive. Spelman's Larger Work of Tythes.

first to make them free of the city. The adopted had his name enrolled in the tribe and ward of his new father; for which entry a peculiar time was allotted, viz. the festival Sapyýa. To prevent rash and inconsiderate adoptions, the Lacedæmonians insisted that adoptions should be confirmed in the presence of their kings. Adopted children were invested with all the pri vileges, and were obliged to perform the duties, of natural children; they ceased to have any claim of inheritance or kindred in the family which they had left, unless they first renounced their adoption; and by the laws of Solon, they were not allowed to do this, until they had children, to bear the name of the person who had adopted them: If they died without children, the inhe