ed with a party of nineteen for the town on Paint was the crisis of its fate. But for the stand then Creek, intending probably to make some kind of made, it would probably have been no part of the reprisals. But this had nearly proved a fatal step, American Union. Animated by the reports of the for, by the way, he suddenly popped upon an In-courage of the first settlers, multitudes now poured dian party going in the contrary direction. Judg-in, and soon placed it beyond all danger. In the ing from this circumstance that a larger body must ensuing events, the conspicuous man was George be on its way to attack the settlements, he imme- Rogers Clark, who took the British governor, diately turned back; and it was well he did so just Hamilton, prisoner at Vincennes. It is undoubted, then, as he only got back a day before the Indians however, that the real hero of the settlement was and British appeared in strength at Boonesbor- he who had first entered upon it, and who had stood ough. by it through all its earliest and worst strugglesDaniel Boone.*

This remarkable man closed his career in 1818, having lived to see Kentucky one of the most flourishing and populous states of the Union.

SONG.

BY BARRY CORNWALL.

How many summers, love,
Have I been thine?
How many days, my dove,
Hast thou been mine?
Time, like a winged bird,

When it bends the flowers,
Hath left no mark behind

To count the hours!

Some weight of thought, though loth,
On thee he leaves:

Some lines of care round both,

Perhaps he weaves:

Some fears, a soft regret

It was on the 8th of August that, with British and French flags flying, the dusky army gathered round the little fortress of logs, defended by its inconsiderable garrison. Captain Duquesne, on behalf of his majesty King George III., summoned Captain Boone to surrender. It was, as Daniel had acknowledged in his journal, a critical period for him and his friends. Should they yield, what mercy could they look for? and he especially, after his unkind flight from his Shawanese parents? Should they refuse to yield, what hope of successful resistance? And they had so much need of all their cattle to aid them in sustaining a siege, and yet their cows were abroad in the woods. Daniel pondered the matter, and concluded it would be safe, at any rate, to ask two days for consideration. It was granted, and he drove in his cows! The evening of the 9th soon arrived, however, and he must say one thing or another; so he politely thanked the representative of his gracious majesty for giving the garrison time to prepare for their defence, and announced their determination to fight. The British officers professed so much apparently sincere regret for this resolution, that Daniel was induced, after all, to come to a negotiation. It was to take place immediately beyond the walls of the fort, between nine of the garrison and a party of the enemy. To guard against treachery, the sharpest shooters stood upon the walls, ready to defend their friends. The treaty was made and signed; and then the Indians, saying it was their custom for two of them to shake hands with every white man when a treaty was made, expressed a wish to press the palms of their new allies. Boone and his comrades must have looked rather queer at this proposal; but it seemed safer to accede than to THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA AND THE JEWS.-The refuse; so they presented each his hand. As an- operation of the ukase, commanding all Jews to reticipated, the warriors seized them with rough and move from the frontier, and relinquish their occu fierce eagerness; the whites drew back, strug-pation as hawkers, will, it is believed, be delayed gling; the treachery was apparent. The rifleballs from the garrison struck down the foremost of the assailants of the little band; and, amid a fire from friends and foes, Boone and his fellow-deputies bounded back into the station, with the exception of one, unhurt.

The treaty-trick having thus failed, Captain Duquesne had to look to more ordinary modes of warfare; and opened a fire, which lasted ten days; though to no purpose, for the woodsmen were determined not to yield. On the 20th of August the Indians were forced unwillingly to retire, having lost thirty-seven of their number, and wasted a vast amount of powder and lead. The garrison picked up from the ground, after their departure, one hundred and twenty-five pounds of their bullets.

For joys scarce known;
Sweet looks we half forget;
All else is flown!

Ah! with what thankless heart
I mourn and sing;
Look, where your children start,
Like sudden spring;
With tongues all sweet and low,
Like a pleasant rhyme,
They tell how much I owe

To thee and thine!

for four years; not, however, as the result of Sir Moses Montefiore's intercession, but because the scarcity, amounting nearly to famine, of several districts, the result of two successive bad harvests, (followed by insurrection and military occupation of the frontier,) renders Jewish activity, local knowledge, and erratic habits so advantageous to the Russian population, in the way of ferreting out and procuring supplies of provisions, as to make a suspension of the ukase a matter of good, if not necessary policy; and these circumstances were announced as likely to lead to the postponement of the infliction before Sir Moses had left London on his benevolent mission. It is, however, far from being improbable that the emperor will make a grace. not a virtue of necessity.-Times.

It was amidst such scenes that the foundation of the state of Kentucky was laid, by a mere handful of rough, but high-spirited men. The year '78uary, 1846.

* Abridged from the North American Review for Jan

From the Spectator.
MR. B. PHILLIPS ON SCROFULA.

THE subject of scrofula has inspired an interest less for its own effects, though they are bad enough in ruined health, diseased glands, and yet more painful affections, than for its supposed connexion with consumption. The tubercular deposit in the lungs has been held by the highest authority, as well as by popular opinion, to be merely a varied mode of that deposit in the glands of the neck, which, first swelling and then suppurating, not only injures beauty by its scar but leaves in legible hand-writing the warning of a tainted blood. This identity Mr. Phillips denies. After a minute examination of the anatomical characteristics and the statistics of consumption and scrofula, he

says

tal manner because an infant does not bow at its birth.

The fact is, we know no more of physics than we do of metaphysics; it is mere observation or reflection upon results, causes being altogether hidden. Why do the same circumstances induce one disease in one man, and in another some different disorder? We may say it is a constitutional disposition or predisposition: which is a truth in one sense; but, beyond such obvious considerations as stature, muscular development, and vigor, we cannot tell what this constitution is, still less what causes it, unless we take refuge in "organization;" when the same puzzle will remain if we seek for a further resolution. We do not even know what disease is, other than by reference to its results, still less what produces it. Mr. Phillips admits that he cannot tell the modus ope

of pedantry to deny the existence of a thing he cause the nature of the case does not admit of its being directly proved by positive evidence. Upon these two points Mr. Phillips resembles those philosophers who class a constitution with a lawdeed, and require it to be produced for inspection.

"I apprehend it has now been shown, by abun-randi of the medicine he administers. It savors dant evidence, that, with the exception of the deposit itself, which, whether found in the lungs or in a cervical gland-whether examined by the naked eye, by the microscope, or by chemical analysis-is very similar, the circumstances attendant upon the development of scrofula and phthisis are widely different. In scrofula, the gland under- In all other matters Mr. Phillips is remarkably goes considerable change, inflammatory in its na- free from narrowness or prejudice; and his treatise ture, before the matter is deposited in it; in the on Scrofula is entitled to great praise, as containlung we commonly find the tissue around a recent ing the results of elaborate research, extensive tubercular deposit unchanged by inflammation. inquiries, and considerable observation. Perhaps We find, further, that in districts where the causes his resuscitation of ancient opinions and practices, of phthisis act with most intensity, those of scrofula as well as his notices of former superstitions on fall lightest; that the age when the ravages of scrof-the "evil," may be pushed too far, as encumberula are most keenly felt is precisely that when the ing the reader with dead matter. But it renders visitation of phthisis is least to be apprehended; the treatise more complete, and collects together a that the sex which suffers most severely from one good deal of curious reading, neatly and briefly of those diseases is least affected by the other. compiled. The statistics are voluminous, and And beyond all this, there is the fact, that among sometimes rather collateral than direct; but they the numerous victims of phthisis, at least eighteen bring together from many quarters-British, Conout of every twenty exhibit no marks of having suf-tinental, American, and Colonial-a large amount fered from scrofula. It seems to me, therefore, that of well-selected matter, bearing upon health, pathese facts constitute so clearly-marked a differ-rentage, diet, and so forth, as relating to scrofuence between the two affections, that it will be la; leading to the conclusion that our island is not most convenient, most conducive to scientific cor- preeminently obnoxious to the complaint; and that rectness, to consider them as affections possessing the percentage ratio of deaths from consumption a certain general similarity of character, but no is reduced, according to our only evidence, the identity." bills of mortality. Thus,

It is probable that there is more of distinction than of difference here. According to actual constitution, influencing circumstances, and the intensity of the cachexia, (bad habit of body,) the strumous blood may sometimes end in one form of disease, sometimes in another. If all circumstances tend to produce scrofula in the direct form, the patient possibly dies before the age of consumption; if the virus, or whatever it be, remain latent longer, the lungs alone may become the seat of the deposit, and the morbid anatomy be differently modified. This is not the only occasion in which Mr. Phillips runs apparently counter to received opinion. He denies hereditary disease, (except in two disorders, where the affection is present at the birth,) though he admits that parents may transmit a weakly constitution, in which scrofula or any other disorder may be more readily set up. Unless he is also prepared to deny in individuals a constitutional tendency to one disease more than another, we cannot admit the cogency of his view. Likeness and character we all know are transmissible, though not always transmitted, and sometimes so strongly that we recognize a son by some trifling act of deportment; but it would scarcely be philosophical to deny the transmission of paren

The statistical research also throws up some information respecting the past and present condition of the people; which Mr. Phillips thinks, with Dr. Twiss, has advanced; but he doubts whether the improvements in towns, recommended by the poorlaw commisioners, will prevent death at anything like the rate which Mr. Chadwick asserts, (however excellent and proper they may be in themselves); destitution, and not dirt or foul air, being the real cause of the low expectation of life among the poor.

The more strictly medical view of Mr. Phillips on scrofula may be stated thus. He considers the deposition of scrofulous matter (a cheesy sort of substance found in various glands) as the only sure test of scrofulous disease: till then it is rather a constitutional disposition or taint than actual scrofula, at least such as we have proof of.

"In a constitution favorable for the deposit of scrofulous matter, I believe there are no features,

CORRESPONDENCE.

WE copy from the New York Express a notice of the death of an old and true friend, to whom we have often been indebted for counsel and encouragement-and whose aid was effectually given to us in establishing the "Living Age."

DEATH OF THE VENERABLE THEODORE DWIGHT.

Slave Trade, and it was one of the most gratifying acts of his life, that he was permitted to vote for the final abolition of a trade which had so long disgraced our country. Neither his increasing business at home, nor his habits permitted him to be absent from his family, and he resigned a seat where he had shone most conspicuously. Such was his talent for writing, that before the Evening Post was established, his friends Alexander Hamilton, Oliver Walcott, and other leading Federalists, selected him to preside over the columns of a journal, about to be established, which offer was declined, and William Colman was selected in his place. His pen was not permitted to remain idle, and under the advice of Timothy Pickering, George Cabot, James Hillhouse, Roger Griswold, and other distinguished men, he was called to conduct a Journal at Hartford, the Mirror, and which was the leading political journal in that State during the war.

When the celebrated Hartford Convention assembled, Mr. Dwight was selected to be their secretary, which duty he performed with signal fidelity. The selection was most fortunate, in one particular at least, as he afterwards published to the world the history of that celebrated body, which will always be the leading work in the events of those times.

IT is with the deepest sorrow that we announce the death of this venerable and worthy man, aged 81 years. He died at the house of his son, Theodore Dwight, jr., this morning, at 4 o'clock, after an illness of a few weeks. For a number of years he had enjoyed unusually good health, with the exception of a rheumatic affection, which caused him to be quite lame. The death of his wife, a few weeks since, also at a very advanced age, and with whom he had lived more than half a century, had the effect to depress his spirits, and he had rarely left the house since. About two weeks ago, he became so prostrate that he has been confined to his bed, since which, without any painful disease, he had become weaker and weaker, until he breathed his last, surrounded by all his children. In his last illness he has been favored with the full vigor of his mind, and has enjoyed, in an unusual degree, the consolations of the Christian religion, which was the rule and guide of a long life. Mr. Dwight has filled a wide space in public affairs, having been an editor of a paper for nearly half a century. He was, since the death of After the close of the war, viz., 1815, he was Major Benjamin Russell, formerly of the Boston induced by the leading federal gentlemen of this Sentinel, and Mr. Goodwin of the Hartford State, Stephen Van Rensselaer, Judge William Courant, probably the oldest editor living. He W. Van Ness, Abm. Van Vechten, Elisha Wilwas born at Northampton, in 1765. His mother, liams and others, to commence the Albany Daily the daughter of President Edwards, during the Advertiser, the first daily paper ever started in trying scenes of the Revolution, was his principal instructer; his brother, the late President Timothy Dwight, of Yale College, being absent as chaplain in the revolutionary army.

We believe that, with the exception of Harrison Gray Otis, and perhaps one other member, he was the last survivor of that body of distinguished men.

Albany. After two years' experiment, a favorable opportunity offered for establishing a journal in this city, and in 1817 he united with the writer of this article in publishing the New York Daily Advertiser, and continued associate editor and proprietor until the great fire of 1836, when he relinquished his interest in the concern, and retired, with his family, to Hartford, where he has lived until the last three years, the latter portion of which he has resided with his son.

His father, about the year 1778, was a pioneer down the Mississippi, and died near Natchez. At the close of the Revolution he entered his uncle's office, the late Judge Pierpont Edwards, as a student at law; and having finished his course, he settled at Hartford, where he soon rose to the head of his profession. He was a great favorite For the period of about forty years, he was a of Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth, and when that prominent editor, and rarely passed a day without eminent jurist was appointed minister to France, he writing at least one article for the paper. There selected Mr. Dwight to be his private secretary, a is probably no man living who has written and post, however, which he declined. Early in life, published so much as the subject of this article. he was associated with Lemuel Hopkins and Rich-Nor have we ever known a person to write with ard Alsop, in a series of poetical numbers, under the title of the Echo and Green House, and which appeared in the Hartford Mercury. They were political and satirical, and were considered of a high order. Mr. Dwight, although in some degree celebrated as a poet, rarely indulged in that branch of literature. He directed his pen more to political writing, and, in high Federal times, became very prominent. He was a great admirer of the politics of Washington and his principles. Being a ready debater and writer, he came into public life early, and was very popular. For a great number of years he was a Senator in the state of Connecticut, and about the year 1809, was elected to Congress. He was a prominent speaker on the floor, and often received the commendations of John Randolph, for his eloquence.

He took a leading part in the debate on the bill for the suppression of that abominable traffic, the

greater facility. He had schooled himself to write so correctly, that he never read over his article after it was written, either to correct the sentiment or to prepare it for the press. When he finished the last word, the whole was completed, rarely to be altered.

He was a great studení, to the very last. His whole time, when absent from his business, was spent with his family, and always in reading. He rarely visited even his friends, and never, on any occasion, went to a place of amusement.

He made it a rule never to omit reading, daily, a portion of the Scriptures, which were always the rule and guide of his life.

His flow of spirits was most extraordinary, and his flashes of wit were unsurpassed. His society was the most charming that could possibly be conceived.

His knowledge of the political history of this

Mr. W. B. Robinson, brother to the chief justice, believed if the St. Lawrence were to be opened, as the St. John's had been, cargoes would be taken from the West, in the summer months, to Maine and Boston.

country, from the adoption of the Federal Consti- | St. Lawrence to the Americans. He read a tution to within a few years, was perhaps not dispatch from government to show that it was equalled. He was the personal friend of every willing if the measure could be shown to be adprominent Federalist, from John Adams the elder, vantageous. to the period when that party became disbanded; and there was, perhaps, no man whom they depended on more to advocate their principles, than Mr. Dwight. The friend and companion of Pickering, Fisher Ames, Rufus King, Gov. Griswold, Goodrich, Oliver Ellsworth, Alexander Hamilton, and a host of great men, must have had talents and character of a high order. He was, indeed, among the last of those talented men and pure patriots.

Mr. Dwight was one of the purest men we have ever known. He never uttered a thought or wrote a word he did not implicitly believe. He never adopted the sentiment that "the end justifies the means." He was a sincere and devoted Christian and a patriot. His writings were always on the side of sound morals-he was a friend to law and order, and always sustained the institutions of our country.

The solicitor general (Sherwood) thought that if a measure were proposed by which Canadian vessels could carry on the United States trade, via the St. Lawrence, he would consent to it; but as to a free navigation, the Americans protected their shipping interests.

Mr. Viger (president of the executive council) was decidedly opposed to admitting American vessels to enter into competition with Canadian. He considered that the man who would allow a foreign power to exercise the sovereignty of its waters would be a traitor to his country.' [Mr. V. was confined eighteen months in Montreal jail, on suspicion of being "a traitor to his country," and he is now ready to prove his loyalty by brand.

He was one of the founders, and for a great number of years an active director, of the Ameri-ing others with treason!] can Bible Society, and first drew up the project of erecting the buildings the society now occupy, which, in accordance with his plan, were put up, principally, if not wholly, by gifts made by wealthy individuals. As a father, husband, and friend, he was one of the kindest and most devoted that ever filled these relations. Thousands, who have read his writings and admired his talents, will read the account of his death with sincere regret.

It is a source of great satisfaction to know, that in his last hours he was sustained, in his hopes and confidence, by a merciful Saviour.

THE Conclusion of the Oregon Treaty with Great Britain, upon terms honorable to both nations, is an event of the utmost importance to them; and as we think it an indication of the future policy of Great Britain toward the United States, we look forward to a time when we may allow, without check, the full flow toward that nation of all the kindred feeling which parentage, common habits, and a common literature so naturally create. Here is the beginning of another step to closer intimacy. We copy from the New York

bune

FREE NAVIGATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE.

Mr. Baldwin, of Toronto, said, that the more trade the better; and if by opening the St. Lawrence to the Americans we can increase the traffic, the benefit will be ours. As to Mr. V.'s objections, many European rivers were freely navigated by different nations, and it was only proposed to allow the Americans the privileges on a great river which had been already conceded to them on the Welland Canal.

Mr. Cayley supposed it possible that Mr. Merritt wished to carry this address, as a mere threat to frighten the British government.

This subject is continued in the following extracts from the Liverpool correspondent of the Evening Mirror, who is reporting and commenting upon the speech of Lord Stanley against the new corn bill:

"My lords, I say again, that upon this very system of protection rests the whole of your colonial system. I say it rests upon it far more than pecuniary reasons. (Hear, hear.) I know very well the political economists say, 'Cast off pretection-let there be free trade all over the world Tri-give full advantages to free trade-let us have no protection imposed for the maintenance of our colonies-cast the colonies away.' My lords, I say adopt that system-I do not doubt the loyalty of the colonies-I do not doubt even their attachIn the Montreal Weekly Pilot we find an account ment; but I say you shall then have done all in of a curious discussion in the legislature of the your power to weaken the attachment, to loosen Canadas, on an address to Queen Victoria, pro- the bonds which tie the colonies to the mother posed by W. H. Merritt, a native of the United country. Once grant commercial independence, States, of the loyalist party, in which it was pro-and you may rely upon it, they have made a step posed to make the navigation of the River St. Lawrence free to the ships of all nations, on the same terms as the schooners, &c., of the United States now pass between Lakes Erie and Ontario -through the Welland Canal.

The free navigation of the St. Lawrence was an object anxiously sought after by Messrs. Adams and Clay's administration. Not much is now said about it, but on or near its banks, or the margin of the great lakes, some four or five millions of American citizens have their homes.

Mr. Moffat, a Scotch merchant, representing Montreal, I believe, was in favor of opening the

towards political independence. I speak of your colonies: you have thrown them open to all other nations; you tell the emigrant who quits your shores, that from the time he leaves England, though he may settle in the British colonies, that he is no more to us than the Frenchman, the Dutchman, the German, or the American-(hear, hear)-you say to him and to your colonists, You are entitled to no favor from us; we will give you no protection; don't seek our help; trade with any other country you think fit; you are as much connected with them as with us.' (Hear.)"