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"Attention, sir," said he in a low voice. "The bears are not far from us: let your aim be true, or else"

"Keep your counsels for yourself, sir!" "Attention! repeated Villetreton, without seeming to notice the surly response" he approaches!"

Those who were placed in front of the cascade, seeing the animals directing their course to the bridge, cried from all parts, "Look out, look out, Villetreton!" But the breaking of branches, followed by the rolling of loosened stones down the precipice, had already given warning of the animal's near approach. Malatour became deadly pale; he, however, held his carabine firmly, in the attitude of a resolute hunter.

A bear at length appeared, with foaming mouth and glaring eyes, at times turning as if he would fain struggle with his pursuers; but when he saw the bridge, his only way of escape, occupied, he uttered a fearful growl, and raising himself on his hind legs, was rushing on our two hunters, when a ball struck him in the forehead, and he fell dead at their feet.

Malatour convulsively grasped his gun-he had become completely powerless. Suddenly new cries, louder and more pressing, were heard.

"Fire! fire! he is on you!" cried the pareur, who appeared unexpectedly, pale and agitated, his gun to his shoulder, but afraid to fire, lest he should hit his master.

old pareur shook with emotion at the escape of his young master; as for Malatour, his livid paleness, and the convulsive shuddering of his limbs, testified the state of his mind.

"Take your arms," said the young baron, quickly replacing in his hands the carabine; "here are our comrades-they must not see you unarmed; and, pareur, not a word of all this."

"Look!" said he to his companions as they gathered around, pointing to the monstrous beasts -"one to each. Now, Monsieur de Malatour, I wait you orders, and am ready to give the satisfaction you require.'

The latter made no reply, but reached out his hand, which Villetreton cordially shook.

That evening a banquet was given to celebrate the double victory. Towards the end of the repast a toast to "the vanquishers" was proposed, and immediately accepted. Monsieur d'Argentré, glass in hand, rose to pledge it, when Malatour, also rising, held his arm, exclaiming-" To the sole vanquisher of the day!-to our noble host! It was he alone who killed the two bears; and if, through his generosity, I have allowed the illusion to last so long, it was simply for this reason: the affront which I gave him was a public one-the reparation ought to be public likewise. I now declare that Monsieur de Villetreton is the bravest of the brave, and that I shall maintain it towards all and against all."

"This time, at least, I shall not take up your gauntlet," said Monsieur d'Argentré.

The latter, perceiving his agitation, turned round it was indeed time. On the other side of "There's a brave young man!" cried the pathe bridge, a bear, much larger than the first, was reur, whom his master had admitted to his table, in the act of making the final rush. Springing and who endeavored to conceal a furtive tear. backward, he seized the carabine of his petrified" Nothing could better prove to me, sir, that, with companion, and lodged its contents in the animal's a little experience, you will be as calm in the pres breast ere he could reach them. He rolled, in the ence of bears, as you are, I am sure, in the face of death-struggle, to where they stood. All this was an enemy." the work of an instant. The knees of the hardy!

SIR ROBERT PEEL has, it is said, recommended Mr. M'Culloch to the queen for a pension of £200, in recognition of the services which he has rendered to political econoiny:-and we may mention, 100, while speaking of the rewards conferred on such merit as comes within the purview of the Athenæum, by the retiring minister, that we find the name of Sir Moses Montefiore in the batch of baronets just gazetted-the well-earned reward of his labors in the cause of humanity; not the least conspicuous (and we trust effectual) of which has been his late generous expedition to the foot of the Russian autocrat's very throne, in behalf of his oppressed co

DIAMOND DUST.-The demand for diamond dust | hardness of the dust over the steel to give that within a few years has increased very materially, keenness of edge that has surprised all who have on account of the increased demand for all articles used it.-Church and State Gazette. that are wrought by it, such as cameos, intaglios, &c. Recently there has been a discovery made of the peculiar power of diamond dust upon steel: it gives the finest edge to all kinds of cutlery, and threatens to displace the hone of Hungary. It is well known that in cutting a diamond (the hardest substance in nature) the dust is placed on the teeth of the saw-to which it adheres, and thus permits the instrument to make its way through the gem. To this dust, too, is to be attributed solely the power of man to make brilliants from rough diamonds; from the dust is obtained the perfection of the geometrical symmetry which is one of the chief beauties of the mineral, and also that adamantine polish which nothing can injure or affect, save a religionists.-Athenæum. substance of its own nature. The power of the diamond upon steel is remarkable: it is known to Ar a late meeting of the Paris Academy of Sciparalyze the magnet in some instances-and may ences, an extraordinary communication was made there not be some peculiar operation upon steel by a Greek physiologist, M. Eseltja-who asserts with which philosophers have not yet taught us to that, by the assistance of electric light, he has been be familiar? How is it that a diamond cast into a enabled to see through the human body, and thus crucible of melted iron converts the latter into to detect the existence of deep-seated visceral dissteel? Whatever may be said, it is evident that ease. He has followed the operations of digestion the diamond dust for sharpening razors, knives, and and of circulation-and has seen the nerves in mocutlery, is a novelty which is likely to command tion. M. Eseltja has given the name of "Anthe attention of the public, whether or not it is throposcope" to his remarkable discovery.-Atheagreed that there is anything beyond the superior næum.

From the Athenæum.

Theoretical and Practical Treatise on the Printing of Tissues.-[Traité Pratique et Théorique, &c.] By J. PERSOZ. 4 vols. Paris.

French manufacturers; who generally keep a chemist constantly at work, making experiments upon colors in a well-mounted laboratory.

prizes, to overseers and foremen who may produce new inventions in design or printing.

CAUSE OF DOUBLE FLOWERS.

The work of M. Persoz-to which we earnestly THIS work we consider to be one of the most reinvite the attention of our Lancashire manufacmarkable that has issued from the Parisian press which one of our most important and pleasing arts turing friends-shows the pains-taking manner in during the present year. Some time since, the French "Society for the encouragement of National is studied. We observe that the Society under Industry," established in 1802, offered a prize for whose patronage these volumes are published, anthe best essay on bleaching and printing calicoes.nounces its intention to give copies of the work, as None of the papers sent in were deemed worthy of the prize; but, in the mean time, the author of the above work, who is Professor in the School of Pharmacy at Strasburg, though unable to complete his work by the specified day, persevered-and finally laid before the Society the result of his labors. That body fully appreciated the great value of M. Persoz's MS.; and published it, under their patronage-at the same time, presenting the author with a medal, of the value of 3,000 francs. M. Persoz was born and brought up in a calico printing manufactory; and spent a considerable portion of his life at Alsace, in the midst of print works-where he taught chemistry.

The first two volumes of the work are devoted to the description of the various coloring matters, and the means employed in printing-embracing the different kinds of machinery used in manufactories. The latter volumes contain the receipts for the colors actually used in printing on cotton and woollen cloths. To each receipt is annexed a pattern of the cloth so printed; by which means the reader is put in possession of the effect produced. The illustrations to the work amount to not less than 105 designs and 429 patterns-printed in with the text-besides a quarto atlas, of twenty plates. The patterns have been contributed by the principal calico printers in Alsace, Switzerland, Normandy, Paris, England, and Scotland; and it is pleasant to find the author alluding gratefully to the liberality evinced by the different manufacturers -who, rising above all petty national jealousies, were happy to have an opportunity of advancing chemical science, by placing the products of their manufactories at the disposal of M. Persoz.

Some of the patterns are of great beauty-displaying a brilliancy of color which we have never seen excelled; and, altogether, the work gives abundant evidence that the art of calico-printing has attained to extraordinary perfection. It is worthy of mention, that the English legislature enacted, in 1720, an absurd sumptuary law, prohibiting the wearing of all printed calicoes whatsoever, either of foreign or domestic origin. This act remained in force during a period of ten years; and then, was repealed by an only half-enlightened body of senators-who permitted what were called British calicoes, if made of linen warp, with weft of cotton only, to be printed and worn, upon payment of a duty of sixpence on the square yard. These acts had the effect of nearly extinguishing, amongst us, the rising industry in this ingenious department of the arts: and it was only after 1774, when that part of the act of 1730 which required the warp to be made of linen yarn was repealed, that calico-printing engaged the serious attention of English manufacturers.

The dread of encouraging the importation of cotton, and throwing flax (a native product) out of cultivation, had a similar effect in France; although that country had the good sense to perceive its error at an earlier period than Great Britain. It is well known that the principles of calico-printing are now profoundly studied by the

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THE cause of double flowers has lately been explained in the Revue Horticole, on a rather curious and interesting principle. It is impossible for any inquiring mind not to attempt an explanation of the fact, that many plants which, in a state of nature, never present more than a single row of petals, begin to assume several rows under continued cultivation. The effects of a richer soil, and other genial circumstances, or the mere accident of double petals in one plant transmitted with improvement through its progeny, are the common explanations; and these are generally received as satisfactory, without reflecting that what we call accident is itself a result of some cause, and that change of condition must attack some physiological principle before it can have any effect in modifying the character of a plant. Nothing is now so common as double flowers; and "to explain the phenomenon,' says the Revue, "we must make practice agree with theory. Every gardener who sows seed wishes to obtain plants with double flowers, so as to have blossoms which produce the greatest effect. Every double plant is a monstrous vegetable. To produce this anomaly, we must attack the principle of its creation; that is to say, the seed. This being granted, let us examine in what way these seeds ought to be treated. If, after having gathered the seeds of ten weeks' stock, for example, we sow them immediately, the greater number of the seedlings will produce single flowers; whilst, on the contrary, if we preserve these same seeds for three or four years, and sow them, we shall find double flowers upon nearly all the plants. To explain this phenomenon, we say that, in keeping a seed for several years, we fatigue and weaken it so, that the energy which would otherwise have been expended in producing stamens, produces petals. Then, when we place it in a suitable soil, we change its natural state, and from a wild plant make it a cultivated one. What proves our position is, that plants in their wild state, shedding their seeds naturally, and sowing them as soon as they fall to the ground, yet in a long succession of time scarcely ever produce plants with double flowers. We think, then, after what we have said, that whenever a gardener wishes to obtain double flowers, he ought not to sow the seeds till after having kept them for as long a time as possible. These principles are equally applicable to melons, and all plants of that family. We admit, like many other observers, that melon plants obtained from seeds the preceding year ought to produce, and do produce, really very vigorous shoots, with much foliage; but very few fruitful flowers appear on such plants; whilst, on the other hand, when we sow old seeds, we obtain an abundance of very large fruit. In fact, in all varieties of the melon, the seeds should always be kept from three to eight years before being sown, if we would obtain fine fruit, and plenty of it."

NEW BOOKS AND RE-PRINTS.

The Bible, The Koran and the Talmud; or Biblical Legends of the Mussulmans. Compiled from Arabic sources, and compared with Jewish Traditions. By Dr. G. Weil. Translated from the German. Vol. 15 of Harpers' New Miscellany.

The Modern British Plutarch; or Lives of Men distinguished in the recent history of England for their Talents, Virtues, or Achievements. By W. C. Taylor, LL. D. Vol. 17 of Harpers' New Miscellany.

The Expedition to Borneo of H. M. S. Dido, for the Suppression of Piracy with Extracts from the Journal of James Brooke, Esq., of Sarawak (now agent for the British government in Borneo.) By Captain the Hon. Henry Keppel, R. N. Vol. 18 of Harpers' New Miscellany.

Temper and Temperament; or Varieties of Character. By Mrs. Ellis. Published by Harper & Brothers.

The Wandering Jew is now completed.-Copland's Dictionary of Practical Medicine has reached the letter O in Part 16.-Harpers' Illuminated and Illustrated Shakspeare has reached No. 100. Pictorial History of England. This book it is pleasant to look at: so well is it printed, and so good is it for the family.

Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England; with a Treatise on the Popular Progress in English History. By John Forster. Edited by J. O. Chowles. Sir John Eliot, the Earl of Strafford, and John Pym, are the lives in Nos. 1 and 2. To be completed in five numbers.

WILEY & PUTNAM have issued several good books:

Ecclesiastical Reminiscences of the United States. By the Rev. Edward Waylen, late Rector of Christ Church, Rockville, Maryland. Eleven years resident in America.

[Whether it arise from the longer residence here, or a better temper, or a clearer head than many other English travellers have had-it is pleasant to see an Englishman writing of us without arrogance or pertness. And when we recollect the high praise we received from Mr. Lyell, who differs so much from Mr. Waylen in his religious opinions, we may perhaps, diffident as we are, be convinced that there is really some good among We copy a few passages from his preface, dated Queen Square, Westminster.]

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distinguish a portion of them before the world, and the exhibitions of popular license which the country occasionally presents, originate in a combination of religious and political influences, in which the former has decidedly the largest share; as in the following pages is attempted to be shown.

"The author's own experience has satisfactorily proved to him, that even amongst the demagogue political capitalists, the arrogance and conceit which is erroneously charged upon the whole nation is, in fact, only a defensive' weapon, resulting from the contempt which it was fashionable for English writers and public speakers to express for America and her institutions long after the war which made her independent of the mother country.

"The people of the United States-the author's experience and intimate knowledge of them enable him to affirm it-those who form the mind of the nation, and who, it is hoped, will yet recover their legitimate control over the action of the countryare ready and desirous to join with us in securing a lasting alliance, and in all the schemes for more enlarged benevolence to which such alliance must

naturally lead."

[Mr. Waylen is of the Episcopal church, and it may require a "catholic spirit" on the part of readers of other denominations to enjoy the book. We have not had time to read it, but look for much pleasure therefrom.]

The Life and Correspondence of John Foster: edited by J. E. Ryland. [Mr. Foster is so well known as the Author of the Essay on Decision of Character, that American readers will take up these volumes with much interest.]

Responses on the Use of Tobacco. By the Rev. Benjamin Ingersoll Lane, Author of the Mysteries of Tobacco. [This book consists principally of letters to the author from twenty-five well-known persons who carry on the war against tobacco with much zeal. We remember to have heard a man of many bad qualities, among which a want of politeness was evident, say to an old lady who offered him a pinch of snuff-"I never snuff, smoke, chew, swear, or drink rum." She threatened to throw her snuff-box into his eyes, for his classification, and perhaps that mode of disposing of it would have been useful to him, as it certainly would have been to her. We do not use tobacco, except for the purpose of disgusting the moth, but nevertheless are candid enough to see that there must be something strong in it, for else the many high-spirited young men about town would not submit to the labor of decocting it; and there must be something good in it, or its use would not be indulged in by so many clergymen and other wise men. Many distinguished temperance" men, appear to find help in it. There must be great good, to make up in the minds of such men as we have spoken of, for the offences to delicacy and cleanliness which are inseparable from the use of this "great medicine."]

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"That he has spoken favorably of the Americans as a people, arises from his long and intimate acquaintance with them; during which he has associated with almost every class in that community. He cannot lend himself to a falsehood to make his book sell; though it has to be proved whether defamation or grotesque caricature, applied to the people of a country, whose glory and greatness are our own, furnish the only staple commodities in this department of authorship. The Americans, as a race of people, inherit most GREELEY & MCELRATH have added to their of the good, and are free from many of the bad stock of good books, Incentives to the Cultivation qualities which distinguish the nation from whence of the Science of Geology. Designed for the use they have sprung; nor has the free intermixture of the Young. By S. S. Randall, Deputy Suof continental blood effected any deterioration in perintendent of Common Schools of the State of their mental or physical qualities. The defects of New York, Editor of Common School Journal, character (arising solely from education) which! &c.

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 121.-5 SEPTEMBER, 1846.

From the Foreign Quarterly Review.

De la Démocratie chez les Prédicateurs de la Ligue.

Par M. Ch. LABITTE. 8vo. Paris: 1841. FROM about the year 1576 to 1594, a period not far short of twenty years, the fair realm of France, bound down with the iron fetters of that cruel, turbulent, implacable "Ligue" which has obtained a place in history not less conspicuous than the "Directorat" or the "Consulat" of later times, was prostrated at the feet of its clergy. Perhaps no period of history has ever presented a state of things so extraordinary in all its relations, or so replete with warning for future ages. None has been so generally misunderstood and misrepresent-years before the exccution of Anne Dubourg, and ed by modern historians, who, judging only from a superficial and partial view of the outward face of events, have tried to give it a variety of physiognomies at their own pleasure, and have left it at last a sort of incomprehensible mystery.

It is the duty of the historian to dive beneath the surface of the stream of events; he should seek out the cause which moves the waters; it is not enough to watch merely the apparent actions of those who, perhaps, in spite of their outward importance to the view, are in reality only the arms which execute, while a moving principle far less splendid and less imposing sets them to work.

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Let us, before we proceed, glance for a moment pecially belong to our subject. It is not our intenat the events that preceded those which more estion to dwell upon those sanguinary persecutions of the Protestants which disgraced the reign of Charles IX., and seemed to have turned this part of Europe into one wide unchanging field of murder, rape, and pillage. The monks and Catholic preachers acted a prominent part in these fearful scenes; they waded literally through blood to the pulpit, from which there seemed to issue but one continuous cry of," Slay! slay! rob! rob!" a cry which had, indeed, been heard long before it was put in execution. As early as the year 1554, ten eighteen before the fatal St. Barthélemy, the dean of St. Germaine l'Auxerrois at Paris, father Le Picart, had the effrontery to preach from his pulpit, when speaking of the Protestants, that, "the king ought for a time to counterfeit the Lutheran amongst them, so that thus alluring them into his power, they might fall upon them all, and purge the kingdom of them at once. As the support of the clergy became more and more necessary to the ambitious designs of the Guises, their influence increased to such a point that even the royal will was no longer a bridle to it, and they undisguisedly and unequivocally urged on the populace to rise Such was the case in an especial degree with and destroy the Huguenots. There was soon a this redoubtable "Ligue." Writer after writer general insurrection of the clergy against the modhas traced the intrigues of the princes, has admired erate and peaceful policy of the king, whose weakthe persevering constancy and bravery of the King ness only increased their audacity. For several of Navarre, has spoken reproachfully of the politi-years priests and monks were everywhere busily cal pretensions of the pope, and of the selfish de- engaged in preaching to the people that they signs of the Spaniard; but few or none have with- should take up arms; they hesitated not to point drawn their eyes from these more dazzling specta-out to the assassin men of wealth and influence cles, to trace the progress of a band of preachers who favored the reformers; they even went so far who kept these actors in motion, who used religion as to proclaim in their sermons that, "if the king as a means of gratifying their ambition or their ap- showed too much reluctance to massacre the Calpetite, and who raised a storm which, as we have vinists, he ought to be dethroned, and shut up in a just remarked, it took nearly twenty years to allay. convent;" and, at the beginning of the memorable These formed the true body and soul of the year 1572, a bishop, Arnaud Sorbin of Nevers, "Ligue," and they furnish a political lesson which faisait rage (to use the expression of contemporary it would be well to remember. A French writer historians) against the king for not killing them, of good promise, who was recently cut off in the and publicly excited the Duke of Anjou to do the prime of his life, attempted, in the volume of which work himself, "not without giving him some hope we give the title above, to compile their history from of the primogeniture, as Jacob had received that a class of documents too seldom consulted-the polit- of his brother Esau." The pulpit became a power ical sermons and satirical tracts, which, under cir- superior to the laws; the king was no longer cumstances like these, never fail to issue from the able to resist, and the result was the catastrophe press in profusion. A few pages will not be of the 24th of August, 1572, which is still rememthrown away in laying before our readers some bered with horror as the massacre of St. Barthéportion of the result of his researches, which are lemy. From this moment the French clergy, in very little known in this country. We take his the persons of its preachers, a number of turbulent, volume as a collection of materials; for in some seditious, unruly men, took the field undisguisedly, of his general views we entirely disagree. In and continued to overawe the crown by constantly many things M. Labitte appears to us to partake stirring up the passions of the mob. These preachtoo much of the character of a historian, who flat-ers soon became the masters of the kingdom. ters himself that he is viewing history from a neutral and impartial position, because he treats the principles of both parties with equal contempt; and, in so doing, he further runs into a fault too common in French writers of this class-that of generalizing facts which are simply accidental, and of giving as general principles what are merely the evident result of sudden political excitement.

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Such was the state of France when, in 1574, Henri III. ascended the throne. A powerful insurrection against the crown already existed, which was excited by men who above all others had the entry to every hearth and access to every car, and who made no scruple of enlisting to their purposes every wild passion and revolutionary feeling under the specious pretence of the safety of the church.

All they wanted was organization, and a banner | The curés were enjoined to act the part of men in under which to fight. The latter was furnished by condition to bear arms, and it was resolved that the the popularity of the Guises, whom, for more than king should be deposed and shut up in a monasone generation, the Catholic preachers had been tery. This was an attempt to force society back pointing out to the devotion of their hearers by the to the barbarism of the first ages of the monmost extravagant eulogies of which they were ca- archy. pable; scarcely a distinguished member of the fam- When Henri convoked the first states at Blois, ily had died within memory who had not been held he hoped that moderate men would have been electforth from the pulpit as a saint or a martyr. On ed; but the preachers had caused so much exciteall these occasions, the preachers hardly concealed ment among the Catholics, that the Protestants did their wish to set up the House of Lorraine in oppo- not dare to offer themselves, and the deputies pressition to the reigning family; and they constantly ent were all liguers. The king felt the difficulty dwelt on the theme, that a king who shows favor of his position, and attempted to recover his influ to heretics ought to be torn from his throne by his ence by suddenly placing himself at the head of the subjects, and one more orthodox substituted in his Ligue; but his weakness of character hindered him place. The organization, which the earlier oppo- from profiting by this step. The projects of the sition to the crown had wanted, was found in the Guises were for a moment only disconcerted; and "Ligue." the edict of Poitiers strengthened their party, which now openly encouraged and invoked the democratic passions of the mob as a weapon against the throne. The violent attacks upon the king from the pulpit, and the eulogies of the Guises, increased daily. Every vice and even every weakness of Henri III. was raked up and dwelt upon with malicious acrimony; his very acts of devotion, which in another monarch would have been lauded to the skies, were turned into crimes; and when he founded a monastic order of penitents, one of the most distinguished and active preachers of the day, the benedictine Maurice Poncet applied to them in his sermon the title of "la confrèrie des hypocrites et athéistes." In fact, the Catholics would not allow the king to save his soul even in an orthodox manner.

This Ligue, of which the first serious symptoms showed themselves in 1576, was only the realization on a large scale of what had already been attempted partially by the Cardinal de Lorraine. When once formed, the association increased rapidly, and as it became stronger, its aim was directed proportionably higher. One of the articles of its programme was "The Defence of the King;" but as that was only a secondary object, it was soon forgotten. In fact, it was covenanted from the first, that those of the "Holy Union," as it was termed, had a right to sustain their cause by force of arms against whoever it might be. The remissness which they thought Henri III. showed in persecuting heretics, and the defection of the heir-presumptive (the Duke of Alençon) to the united party of the Huguenots and discontented Catholics, irritated the violent Catholics to that degree, that it was resolved to overthrow the house of Valois. A messenger sent to the court of Rome represented, that the benedictions bestowed by the Holy See on the race of Charlemagne had not passed to the family of Hugh Capet, and a genealogy was drawn up by which the Guises were made to be the descendants of the Carlovingians. The first volume of the "Mémoires de la Ligue" contains a note of the secret council held at Rome for the destruction of the house of Valois, and the transmission of the crown to that of Guise, in which the preachers were to act a very important part. They are brought forward even in the first article, which directs," that in the pulpit and at the confessional the clergy shall exert themselves against the privileges granted to the sectarians, and excite the populace to hinder them from enjoying them."

Under these circumstances, the principles of the Ligue rapidly spread themselves through every part of the kingdom. "In the north, as in the south, the Union found its adepts as well amongst the turbulent as among the moderate. At Nismes, it was established by massacres and rapes; at Laon, it was adopted in the name of reason and legality. In the pulpits of the provinces, the same principles and the same invectives resounded as in the pulpits of Paris; at Lyons, there was the Jacobin monk Bolo, and more especially the Jesuit Claude Matthias, the courier of the Ligue, as he was called, an indefatigable traveller who, under the least pretext, ran from one end of Europe to the other for the interests of his party; at Soissons, there was Launay, who in the sequel became one of the chiefs; at Rouen, the cordelier Gilles Blouin; at Orleans, the learned but violent theologian Burlat; and above all, there was at Toul the archdeacon of the cathedral, François de Rosières, who declaimed against his king amid the applauding The unscrupulous political violence of the Catholic shouts of the mob, "con plausibile e popolare ciopreachers was as remarkable in their eulogies as in their quenza," as Davila says. This François de personal attacks, and many really amusing examples Rosières had in 1581 published a book in favor of might be given. M. Labitte takes the following anecdote from De Thou. Pierre du Chartel, in his funeral the title of the house of Lorraine, for which he sermon on François I., proclaimed to his hearers that the was thrown into the Bastille; the credit of the soul of the great monarch was already in heaven. The Guises procured his release; but Rosières showed faculty of theology was singularly scandalized by this as-no gratitude to Henri III. for his clemency, or sertion, which they considered as a denial of purgatory. A deputation of theologians was sent to the new king, Henri II., to expostulate; but Jean de Mendoze, who was to introduce them, said to them, "Je sais pourquoi vous venez içi; je connaissais notre bon maître mieux que vous, et s'il a été en purgatoire il n'aura fait qu'y goûter le vin; il n'était pas homme à rester longtemps en place." The Sorbonne appears to have been satisfied with this explana

tion.

"Qu'en chaire et au confessional ceux du clergé s'élevent contre les privilèges accordés aux sectaires et excitent le peuple à empêcher qu'ils n'en jouissent." We have seen a similar political use made of the confessional in France in our own days, so certain is it that the bad principles of the Romish church are inherent to the system, and that they remain unchanged.

rather for his incredible apathy. At Châtillon, the sermons of the preachers appear to have been thought insufficient; to excite more effectually the populace, the clergy caused to be represented, in a mystery or theatrical exhibition, the combat of David against the giant Goliah. David, as might easily be guessed, was the symbol of Henri de Guise." The result of this extraordinary activity of the Catholics was, that Henri III. was universally abandoned. The state of things became still more alarming, when the death of the Duke of Alençon made Henri of Navarre, the Huguenot leader, heir-apparent to the throne. His claims

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