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a statesman; he was recalled to afford scope to dignity; the famous note of 8th October; all the the aspirations and energies of a Bugeaud, and the self-denial and submission to the stake in Algeria; consequence was an accumulation of difficulties or rather this inmense risk, afford the governand impossibilities baffling all the heads and with- ment a pretext for whatever genuflexion. Mr. ering all the hearts of the chambers. The Arabs Guizot claimed the privilege of reply. The oppowere impermeable to European civilization; they sition journals were angry with Lamartine for his could never be seated by the side of European opinions and disclosures; the ministerial naturally communities in one body, politic and social; the sided with Mr. Guizot. The former admired some fusion of the races-a fine phrase-happened to be passages and sallies of Lamartine's speech; they beyond human ability; he knew the Arabs well: would allow no weight or general excellence to the he could understand the reply of a Sheik, to whom whole. All logic, sense, and success was discovthe fusion was propounded: "There is a race be- ered in Mr. Guizot's survey of the subject by his tween us; if you were to put your head and mine votaries. It strikes me that the minister was feein the same boiling pot, they would separate from ble and empirical. He stated that he could cite one another." When Bugeaud won the victory from the history of the wars on natives in India of Isly, what did he conquer? The Moorish sands and America, anecdotes, mishaps, and cruelties on which he fought. The mortality of the French akin to those which Mr. Lamartine had culled from troops was not chiefly by arms; but by fatigue, the French documents. The general cast of the fever, climate, pestilence; it was a war of luxury, war in Algeria was one of moderation, humanity, speculation, prospect; therefore the less prodigal self-restraint! To be sure, there might be some should they be of their thousands of lives and energy of defence-some roughness in dealing with their billions of francs, for so had the computation a people who massacred French prisoners in their ripened, so would it expand, to judge from the hands; more violent means were necessary in conpast. The more the Arabs were instructed, tending with semi-barbarous foes than in civilized sharpened, advanced, by their contact or collision warfare. The case of Algeria had become this: with the Christians, the stronger their will and If you now abandon that region, it is not the capacity to resist and expel the intruders. The Turks or Arabs who would regain it; some other Christian missionaries had never converted Islam- European power must have dominion. That conism; the Turks, with fifteen thousand troops, sideration was quite sufficient to decide him; Alcould keep the Arabs in a sort of subjection; all geria must be kept, ruled, and turned to account. estimates of number might be defied in the French Marshal Valle was, indeed, an honorable and capaattempt. In instructions given in 1837 by the ble commander; but it seemed to the government commission of the French government to generals in 1840, as the condition of the enterprise then going to investigate the African question on the loomed, that Marshal Bugeaud suited it better. spot, you mark this paragraph: "As to the ex- The latter had proved a little restive and refractermination of the natives-as to the complete tory; so was Marshal Turenne with Louis XIV. driving back (refoulement) of the population, you The essential object was to achieve a complete will have to examine whether this mode of pacifi- effective domination in Algeria. Assimilation and cation may be at any time practicable." Lamar- fusion of races was in sooth a philanthropic dream; tine proceeded to demonstrate by official and but the Arabs might be brought to the relation and other authentic reports that this was the system state in which the Hindoos are to the British in preferred and unlimitedly pursued. His quotations India and the natives of Java to the Dutch. [A begot the liveliest agitation and wincing impatience voice from the floor: Neither British nor Dutch throughout the chamber. Pudet, &c. He was colonize, as you pretend to do.] The Arabs, the not to be stopped. "You shall hear much, and native tribes, were better disposed to French conyou shall shudder. I will brave all your denials, nection and law than the preceding speakers imyour murmurs, your inattention, real or feigned. agined; he could cite a number of powerful tribes You shall know what are your razzias, what who lived in amity, who fought in alliance with rapine, ravage, and massacre you threatened in the French; immense progress was visible; very proclamations, and how you fulfilled your threats." probably there would be more insurrections, more The details are in the superlative of ferocity and struggles, more efforts; still the accomplishment destruction. They lost nothing in the recitation of all ends was certain and near. Other nations and commentary of the indignant poet. What if had their difficulties in similar enterprises: see we had the particulars of devastation and homi- the instance of New Zealand for England. It was cide, the scenes of woe and horror-those which intended to found a great civil society in Algeria are not bulletined-from the natives themselves? with a civil government; when, precisely, could The chamber betrayed emotions of disgust and not be affirmed. European colonization was held shame; the orator asked an interval of repose. all-important-the necessary final guaranty of In a quarter of an hour, he entered the tribune possession; as for the measures, the modes, the again, to denounce and explode all the plans and questions of annexation, special ministry, modificadevices of colonization, and to show how impotent tions of administrative and belligerent systems, the such a style and scale of war in Africa rendered period for their solution had not arrived; the presFrance in regard to hostile or rival Europe. He ent course of things could not be immediately was afraid-nay he believed-that it was thus altered; the government required time, and carried on to disable and avert France from any awaited opportunity. confiict in Europe. He reasoned against the idea of a viceroyalty, which he described as insensate for a country so near to their own kingdom. He ascribed the refusal to accept the crown and incorporation of Belgium; the recreant proceedings of the government in 1840; the humbling recall of the French fleet from the Levant; the submission to Lord Palmerston's treaty of July 15, which was a grand defiance of French power, nationality, and

You have now the substance of the ministerial defence and policy. Nothing was gained in the way of reform or comfort by the many able harangues. The debate reflects credit on the chamber; and, as Algeria is indeed the supreme present concern and perplexing problem for France, I have ventured to bring more of it in my own language, within the compass of a letter, than you or your readers will readily accept or pardon.

VARIETY.

From the Athenæum.

PARIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

which separates Uranus from the sun, and in a slightly inclined orbit.-A paper by M. Dumas, on the component parts of blood, was read. It is known that blood contains fibrine, albumen, and globulous matter. The analysis of the two former parts is exceedingly simple; but hitherto that of the globules has been difficult, for they consist of living matter. It was necessary to keep them in a state of life. This M. Dumas does by agitating the liquid, giving it air, and keeping up the natural temperature of the person from whom the blood is drawn.

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I was not a little surprised, on reading your excellent journal of last week, to find, near the conclusion of the article "Foreign Correspondence,' "a question adverted to which" your correspondent "had heard agitated to-day"-that the origin of the disease Pellagra, which is well known to prevail in Lombardy, is attributed to the general consumption of polenta, or Indian corn. He says,

May 23.-M. Velpeau presented to the Academy a boy who has a third, but deformed, leg at the posterior part of the other legs, which are perfectly formed. It appears that the boy has been to London; where the surgeons were divided in opinion as to the possibility of amputating it without danger. Some of them considered this to be quite practicable; others that the operation would be followed by almost instant death. M. Serres mentioned in this sitting a similar case, in which the superfluous mass was removed with perfect safety. -A communication was received from M. Roque, on a project of manufacturing paper from the fibres of the banana tree. It appears that experiments have been made under the eyes of a committee appointed by the minister of commerce, and that some very white and good paper was produced. It is proposed by M. Roque to carry on this opera-" certain it is that the disease exists in no other tion in Algeria, not merely as regards the banana part of Italy; and that in no other part of Italy is tree, but also the Alves and other textile plants; polenta the staff of life." Now, it is very well and it is said that a large grant of land has been known that, in Modena and other parts of northern made to him in the colony for that purpose. Italy, Indian corn is very much used as food; and, June 4.-Several astronomical and mathematical even at Rome, I have often seen and partaken of a papers were read-the most remarkable by M. Le- very good Modenese dish, called there polenta, and verrier. The object of it is to prove that there ex- never heard that pellagra was rife in that city, or ists in our solar system a large planet, which in any other part of Italy, except in the Milanese nobody yet has seen, but the orbit of which M. Le--the plains of which lie low, and are very swampy verrier has calculated, and which, he says, may be at some seasons; and from that and other causes, seen on the 1st of January next year. He states abound in malaria, (“l'aria cattiva,") which is that he was led to his discovery by the observa- much more likely to produce a cachectic habit of tions collected since 1690 on the course of Uranus. body and cutaneous and other diseases of debility, The insurmountable difficulty experienced by geo- than the use of a wholesome, nutricious article of metricians, says M. Leverrier, in representing the diet, abounding as much in farinaceous matter real course of Uranus by analytical formulæ might (azote) as most of the other cerealia. To ascribe arise from various causes. Either the theory was the disease to such a cause appears as rational as not sufficiently precise, and they had neglected in the vulgar notion that the use of rice produces their calculations some of the influence due to the blindness in Hindostan and other countries, where perturbatory action of the neighboring planets, Ju- it forms almost exclusively the diet of the whole piter and Saturn; or the theory had not been com- population-or that the great consumption of oatpared with the observations with sufficient correct-meal in the Highlands of Scotland occasions scaness in the construction of the tables of the planet; bies! In the United States of America, maize, or or, finally, some unknown cause, acting upon Ura- Indian corn, is, as is well known, consumed in nus, added other influences to those which result great quantity-as well the new grain roasted, and from the action of the sun, of Jupiter, and of Sat- eaten with fresh butter, as the flour in a great vaurn. To get out of this alternative, it was neces-riety of preparations:-and, who ever heard of sary to resume the whole theory of Uranus-recal-pellagra, or any similar disease, being ever susculate, discuss the observations, and compare them with each other; and this hard task he undertook. The result is, the positive conclusion, that the irregularity of the movement of Uranus is to be attributed to a special cause, independent of all analytical error, and deduced from the constitution of the planetary system itself. The fact of the existence of this cause being established, it was necessary to determine its nature-and, therefore, a new career opened upon M. Leverrier. Was it admissible, as some astronomers had proposed, to modify the law of gravity for the distant regions in which Uranus moves; or did it suffice to assume the resistance of the ether or the influence of an obscure satellite moving round Uranus, or the accidental shock of a comet? Or was he to admit of a still unknown planet whose existence was shown by the anomalous movement of Uranus? M. Leverrier adopted the latter hypothesis; and, proceeding upon that basis, has come to a conclusion, from all his calculations and observations, that no other is possible. This planet, he says, is situated beyond Uranus, at a distance double that

pected to be produced in those extensive regions? For the French Academy of Sciences or of Medicine to send a commissioner into Italy to investigate whether the disease pellagra is produced by eating Indian corn, would appear to be as rational and useful as to send one to India or Scotland to examine if blindness is produced by eating rice, or the itch by the use of oatmeal. The French sanants are fond of such commissions-" Mons parturit, nascitur ridiculus mus!" It would sometimes be well to recollect the good old Latin maxim, "Post hoc, non semper propter hoc"-and to apply it in such instances. MEDICUS.

In the Annuaire for the present year, presented to the King of the French by the Bureau of Longitudes, M. Arago takes occasion, once for all, to dispose of those weather-predictions which annually make the circuit of Europe falsely stamped with his authority. "Engaged," he says, "both by taste and by duty, in meteorological studies. 1 have frequently been led to consider whether it will ever be possible, by means of astronomical cal

culations, to determine, a year in advance, what, parison with London, escaped this epidemy for the

tive answer.

youthful antiquities of bronze and marble-but she is devoured by the forgers of middle-age antiques. It is notorious with what skill and impudence certain cabinet-makers manufacture chairs, tables and footstools of the fifteenth century, and how readily they find dupes. A young antiquarian showed, lately, with great pride, to an artist, a friend of

he had just bought at great cost. It is very fine.' said his friend, after examination, ‘and it will last you long-for it is quite new.

in any given place, will be the annual temperature, that of each month, the quantity of rain, or the prevailing winds. I have already presented to the readers of the Annuaire the results of the inquiries of the natural philosophers and astronomers concerning the influence of the moon and comets on the changes of the weather. These results demonstrate peremptorily that the lunar and cometary in-his, a very fine article of Gothic furniture, which fluences are scarcely sensible; and therefore that weather-prophecy can never be a branch of astronomy properly so called. For, in fact, our satellite and the comets have been at all times considered THE CENSORSHIP.-" There appeared recently a in meteorology as the preponderating stars. Since those former publications, I have examined the work on Austrian finance-written by one well insubject in another point of view. I have been instructed in the matter, and whom the government quiring if the labors of men, and events which shrewdly suspected to reside in Prague. As the must always escape our prevision, may not have ordered Herr Muhdt, the head of the police at revelations were very offensive, the government the effect of accidentally and very sensibly modify Prague, to discover, if possible, the author. All ing climate-as regards temperature in particular. Already, I see that fiets will yield me an affirma-search was vain. He then received instructions to set out himself for Hamburg-where the work was I should greatly have preferred to delay the announcement of that result until after published-and endeavor to wheedle the secret the completion of my work; but let me candidly from Campe, the publisher. Muhdt set off: but avow that I have sought to make an occasion for Campe of his purpose. Campe, who is a very some one had been before him, and had warned protesting aloud against those predictions which are yearly laid in my name at home and abroad. No knowing fellow, played his part to perfection; sufword has ever issued from my mouth, either in the Muhdt to tea-half promising to tell him the aufered himself to be cajoled, and at last invited intimacy of private communication or in my thor's name, under a condition of secrecy. At tea, courses delivered during thirty years-no line has Muhdt was very pressing; and Campe, at length, ever been published with my assent-which could authorize the attribution to me of any opinion that begging him to make no use of his knowledge, it is possible, in the present state of our knowl-confidentially whispered, The author is Herr edge, to foretell with certainty what the weather ceive the start and the changing color of Herr Muhdt, the head of the police in Prague. Conwill be, a year, a month, a week-nay, I will say, a single day, in advance. I trust only that the an- work might have maliciously taken his name-fer Muhdt! Alarmed lest, perhaps, the author of the noyance which I have experienced at seeing a host he had no suspicions of Campe-he earnestly deof ridiculous predictions published in my name,clared himself to be the head of the police. Campe may not have led me, by a sort of reaction, to give affected astonishment. Muhdt then asked him if exaggerated importance to the causes of disturbance which I have enumerated. At present, I feel being told there were still two hundred and fifty, he he had many copies of the work on hand; and on entitled to deduce from the sum of my investigations this capital consequence:-Never-whatever may be the progress of the sciences—will the savant, who is conscientious and careful of his reputation, speculate on a prediction of the weather."

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the press-of which I can let you have as many copies as you please.'"-For. Quar. Rev.

bought them all. The next day, Campe called at his hotel, to ask him whether he would like any astonished Muhdt, more! why I thought you told more copies of the work. More!' exclaimed the me I had got them all?' Sehr richtig!' replied We find the following curious details in the Camp, all of the first edition; but a second is in Moniteur des Arts:-" There exist at Ronie secret work-rooms of sculpture, where the works manufactured are broken arms, heads of the gods, feet MINERAL WEALTH OF SOUTH AFRICA.-The of satyrs, and broken torsi-of nobody. By means mineral wealth of this vast region is yet to be disof a liquid there used, a color of the finest antiquity covered. Indications of metallic ores are known is communicated to the marble. Scattered about to abound. Iron is everywhere abundant. Manthe country are goat-herds, who feed their flocks ganese is a common article. Copper of the richest in the vicinity of ruins, and look out for foreigners. description is to he found at a short distance beTo these they speak incidentally of the treasures yond the Orange River; and there is little doubt found by digging a few feet deep in such neighbor- that, if scientific persons were sent out, resources hoods. The English, in particular, are the victims of a most important kind would be found in this of such mystification; and freely yield their money great field of investigation. Lead of a superior to the shepherds, who are agents to the General kind has long been known to exist near the mouth Artificial Ruin Association, and know well where of the Van Staaden's river, in the district of Uitento apply the pick-axe. They are careful, however, hage. A recent immigrant, Mr. Bevan—a gentleto spend much time and labor in fruitless search, man said to be familiar with mining operations-before they come finally upon the treasure--for has visited the spot. Satisfied with the indications, which the foreigner willingly pays. England is he has been induced to purchase the farm for fall of these antiquities of six months' age. Nor £1,650; and has already a party employed to coldo the amateur numismatists leave Rome with lect the ore. It is said, that he has since discovempty hands; for in that city are daily coined, ered a lode of native lead--one of the rarest prowithout fear of the law, the money of Cæsar, Had-ductions of nature, and which hitherto, it has been rin, Titus, Heliogabalus, and all the Antonines-believed, is only to be procured from the island of filed, pinched and corroded, to give the look of Madeira and at Alston in Cumberland.—Graham's Paris may be said to have hitherto, by com- Town Journal.

age.

at Horsabad, are well known to the learned world. Those in which Mr. Layard is now engaged at Nimroud promise to be much more interesting and extensive. The mound is eight or ten times larger than that which was excavated by the French. It contains the remains of a palace, a part of which, like that at Horsabad, appears to have been burnt. There is a vast series of chambers, all built with marble, and covered with sculptures and inscriptions. The inscriptions are in the cuneiform character, of the class usually termed Babylonian. It

prior to the overthrow of the Assyrian empire by the Medes and Babylonians under Cyaxares- but whether under the first or second Assyrian dynasty is doubtful. Many of the sculptures discovered by Mr. Layard are, even in the smallest details, as sharp and fresh as though they had been chiselled yesterday. Amongst them is a pair of winged lions with human heads, which are about twelve feet high. They form the entrance to a temple. The execution of these two figures is admirable, and gives the highest idea of the knowledge and civi lization of the Assyrians. There are many mon

MR. BURFORD'S PANORAMA-THE BATTLE OF SOBRAON.-Mr. Burford's indefatigable search after new objects of interest, for the exercise of his peculiar art, has here hit upon a subject which, treated as he has treated it, is likely to become one of the most attractive of the popular exhibitions of this season. The point of view is well chosen; because the spectator, admitted as it were, into the intrenchments of the Sikhs, becomes, thereby, from an elevated point, a near witness of each of the turning accidents of the battle-the mustering of the irregulars—the capture of the guns-the hand-is possible that this edifice was built at an epoch to-hand combats-and that final source of damage to the hordes of the discomfitted host, the British artillery. Through the distance the Sutlej winds along-inclosing with its bright line the masses of belligerents; and beyond that, the country of the Punjab stretches away into a long and slightly broken horizon The first group that strikes the eye of the visitor is one composed of the chiefs of the enemy; whose brilliant costume, energetic action, and high-nettled horses are delineated with great spirit. Another passage of interest is the rush of the British infantry into the lines of the intrenched ground; where the combat assumes a fierce char-sters of this kind, lions and bulls. The other acter the bayonet on the one side, and the spear reliefs consist of various divinities; some with and sabre on the other, making fearful destruction. eagles' heads-others entirely human but winged, The charge of the dragoons is given with great -with battle-pieces and sieges, as at Horsabad." effect; and leads us on to a more distant viewwhere the whole disorganized army of the Punjab We are able to state, on unquestionable authoris rushing peil-nell towards the river. This part,ity, that a treaty for the international protection of embracing the firing of the bridge and the fording copyright has just been signed, at Berlin, between of the stream, presents a vivid picture of the deso- Prussia and England; in which it is confidently lating slaughter attending that confused rout. The expected that, before the ratification, Saxony will art of the painter, too, here obtains a conspicuous join. The consequence will be a reduction of the success. On one side, the dark figures of our artil- duty to 15s. per cwt. on at least half the German lery-men tell powerfully against the volumes of books imported into England rolling smoke that intercept the distance :-on the other, the charge of the horse gives rise to individual combats, executed with much judgment and skill-and these salient objects again frame in, as it were, the break into the middle ground of the picture, where the forces of the Sikhs, routed, despairing, rallying, and flying, offer the pictorial finale. The execution of this panorama is highly creditable to the conjoined efforts of the artists, Messrs. Burford and Selous. The horses, we understand, were entirely designed by the latter gentleman-and they are worthy of especial note. When we take into account, as we reasonably should, the very short space of time that has been employed in the completion of so extended an oilpainting, we are led the more freely to express our commendation of the art with which the various points are combined into an effective whole. The details of the battle-on which we have dwelt little, because every one has eagerly perused the despatches-and because the visitor receives a hand-book containing a well drawn account-are worked out in every direction; all that could with reasonable license be pressed into a moment of time being seized on to present a fitting résumé of the "crowning victory."

FROM Rome, it is stated that a society of private individuals has presented to the government a plan, by which they undertake to render the Tiber navigable to large vessels as far as Ponte Felice. The proposal further contemplates the construction of a port at Fiumicino; and the establishment of a service of steam-boats, on the one side to Leghorn, and on the other to Naples, without touching at Civita Vecchia. The answer of the government has not been given; but, if another piece of gossip be true which reaches us from the same head-quar ters of exclusion, viz., that the Pope has consented to let a company light the city with gas, there certainly are hopes for the Company of the Tiber. The government that has overcome its fear of light may be expected finally to conquer its objection to locomotion.

A SWEDISH botanist, who assumes to himself the discovery of the means of preserving flowering trees and shrubs in all their beauty, lately sent to the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm a tea-rose, which he affirms that he embalmed in the year 1841-and the flowers of which, as well as the leaves and stems, are in perfect preservation. If this discovery shall be confirmed, it will be of incalculable value; as, by it, the plants of all climates may be preserved, and transplanted to any distance, bearing all their natural appearances.

SIR STRATFORD CANNING, to whose personal influence with the Porte we are indebted for the possession of the marbles of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, has also, by the same influence, obtained permission to send to England the splen- IN consequence of the death of the Pope, the did discoveries which are now being made by Mr. oldest sovereign in Europe is now Ernest AugusAusten Layard at Ninroud. Of these treasures, tus, King of Hanover, born June 5, 1771. The a correspondent of the Times furnishes the follow-next in age is the King of the French, born Octoing particulars :-"The discoveries of M. Botta, ber 5, 1773.

From Mr. Walsh's Letter of 16th June.

tion to the Viceroy of Egypt, at his own request, THE demise of Pope Gregory occasioned some by Jellala pein Bey, to pass some time in Constansensation, because unexpected, for he was repre- tinople. He is not expected till Ibrahim Pacha sented a day or two before the intelligence as in returns from France, to preside over the governpromising health. Some American gentlemen, ment of Egypt during the absence of his father. who arrived in this capital a fortnight ago, from A messenger, it is said, has been dispatched from Rome, have mentioned to me that, in their inter- Alexandria to Paris, to recall Ibrahim for this purviews with His Holiness, they found him pose." easy, communicative, and even facetious at the expense of recent scenes in the streets. The following extract from an English letter from Rome bears date only two days before his dissolution, and its testimony to his character is not from a partial

source:

"The demise of Gregory XVI. was the period originally fixed for a new organization of this country; but it is pleasant to learn that the venerable old pontiff is yet likely to last a year or two; a swelling in the legs has been announced in our last Roman advices; his general health is, however, wonderful for his age. With all his political mistakes (and what could a poor monk have learnt in his cell of this wicked world's ways?) the Roman bishop is a genuine honest character. When he dies, you may fairly reproduce the words of Lord Bacon, concerning his namesake and predecessor: Gregory XIII. fulfilled the age of eightythree years, an absolute good man, sound in mind and in body, temperate, full of good works, and an almsgiver.'-(Novum Organum. Chapter of Life and Death.)"

Ali to the Sultan, it is not easy to conjecture. "The meaning of the meditated visit of Mehemet It may arise merely from the caprice of the old man, or from a feeling of religious homage which all Ottomans feel they owe to the successor of the Caliphs. It may have good effects, though it is A real cordial unmore likely to have bad ones. derstanding between the Porte and Egypt may be thereby brought about; or old Mehemet Ali may inspire the Sultan with a taste for his own most despotic and cruel mode of government, which would be very injurious if not destructive to the reform policy he is at present pursuing. The meeting between him and Khosref, the two most veteran Turks alive, and formerly bitter rivals and enemies, would be a fine study for a painterthough to every eye but the parties, Mehemet Ali would be degraded by the association."

We are informed by the Epoque of yesterday (cabinet paper) that England has become, like Russia, jealous of French influence at Constantinople as well as at Athens, and is improvidently promoting Russian designs in both capitals. It is France would a long circumstantial complaint.

events.

A few days ago, a traveller, devoted to internal improvements, observed to me, referring to Greg-reinstate in the Lebanon the superannuated Emir ory's exit, "Now the Roman states will have rail- Beschir, and stickles for the Chaab family at all roads." The maxim of the defunct was, stare super vias antiquas, in every concern. He replied to the applicants, "You will have your ways after I have quitted the stage." The world expects other innovations, political concessions to popular the absolute governments."

or liberal discontents. The Journal des Debats of yesterday signifies that it desires an Italian Pope, that is, one who will look to opinions and exigencies in Italy; who will reform abuses and redeem promises in the political and administrative spheres: who, in short, will contrive to be independent of Austria. This point will be the more difficult now that the revolutionary billows in the legations and elsewhere have begun to heave. If the disaffected allow a new Pope, of the old leaven, to be fully seated, without extorting stipulations, they will lose their season, their opportunity, during the continuance of peace in Europe. The Debats designates six cardinals whom it believes to have the first chances of the succession; all are above or near seventy years of age, except Mattei, who is fifty-four. Fransoni stands at the head. In some London sheets, Cardinal Acton (English) is mentioned as not without prospects. His elevation would, we may presume, absolutely dismay the Bishop of Exeter.

The Thames, you will see, is to be thoroughly fortified against French or American steam fleets: but how to repel an English Pope's bulls?

Mehemet, on dit, is about visiting Constantinople, where he will be the most odious, but, at the same time, the most distinguished of all possible guests. It is added that he had set apart a sum of seven millions of francs for the expedition, which may fascinate even Reschid Pacha, the incorruptible. The correspondent at Constantinople of the Morning Chronicle says:

"The Sultan has, I am assured, sent an invita

A French dignitary of the new school replied lately to Prince Metternich-who had said to him, "The world is quite sick "-" No, Prince, only

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