the good success of the great action, concerning the Catholick cause in the beginning of the parliament: and prayer is more than consent; for Nemo orat, sed qui sperat et credit.' He in the prayer used two verses of a hymn, "Gentem auferte perfidam credentium de finibus ut Christo laudes debitas persolvamus alacriter.' confer of it with a layman, (other than Catesby | first of November, Garnet openly prayeth for whom he so much trusted) why so? Because that might derogate from the reverence of his place, That a Jesuit and a superior of them, should openly join with laymen in cause of so much blood. And therefore, secondly, as he would consult of it with a priest and a Jesuit, one of his own order, and his subject; so for his further security, he would consult thereof with Greenwell the Jesuit, as in a disguised confession. And being informed that the discourse would be too long to repeat kneeling, he answered that he would consult with himn of it in confession walking; and so accordingly in an ambulatory confession, he at large discoursed with him of the whole plot of the PowderTreason; and that a protector, after the blow given, should be chosen out of such of the nobility as should be warned and reserved. In this month likewise was there a great conference and consultation betwixt Garnet, Catesby, and Francis Tresham, concerning the strength of the Catholicks in England, to the end that Garnet might by letters send direct advertisement thereof to the Pope; for that his holiness would not be brought to shew his inclination concerning any commotion or rising of the Catholick party, until such time as he should be certainly informed that they had sufficient and able force to prevail. Now was the Letter with the lord Monteagle, whose memory shall be blessed, on the 4th of November; by the providence of the Almighty, not many hours before the Treason should have been executed, was it fully discovered. On the 5th of November, being the time when the Traitors expected that their devilish practice should have taken effect, they convented at Dunchurch, under colour of a great hunting-match, appointed by sir Everard Digby, as being a man of quality and account thereabout; purposing by this means to furnish themselves with company for their intended insurrection and rebellion for that men being gathered together, and a tumult suddenly raised, the traitors thought that every or most of them would follow the present fortune, and be easily persuaded to take part with them; and that they might easily surprize the person of the lady Elizabeth, then being in those parts, in the lord Harrington's house. : And in August following, Garnet in a conference had about the acquainting of the Pope Upon the 6th of November, early in the with the Powder-Treason, named and appoint- morning, Catesby and the said confederates dised sir Edmund Baynam for to carry that mes-patched Tho. Bates with a Letter to Garnet sage to the pope; yet not to him as pope, but to him as a temporal prince: and by him doth Garnet write letters in that behalf; as also for staying of commotions, under pain of censures, well knowing that before his letters could be answered, the house of parliament, according to their designs, should have been blown up, and the whole state overthrown. But this trick he used like a thief, that going to steal and take partridges with a setting-dog, doth rate his dog for questing, or going too near, until he hath laid his net over them, for fear the game should be sprung, and the purpose defeated. In this month also doth Garnet write to Baldwin the legier Jesuit in the Low-Countries, in the behalf of Catesby, that Owen should move the marquis for a regiment of horses for him the said Catesby; not with any intent, as it was agreed, that Catesby should undertake any such charge, but that under colour of it, horses and other necessaries might be provided without suspicion to furnish the traitors. In September following doth Parsons the Jesuit write to Garnet to know the particulars of the project in hand, for the journey to St. Winifred's well in this month. It was but a jargon, to have better opportunity, by colour thereof, to confer and retire themselves to those parts.-In October doth Garnet meet the other traitors at Coughton in Warwickshire, which was the place of rendezvous, whither they resorted out of all countries.— Upon the the superior of the Jesuits, who was (as they well knew) then ready at Coulton, near unto them, earnestly entreating his help and assistance for the raising of Wales, and putting so many as he could into open rebellion. At what time Garnet and Greenwell (who then of purpose was there with Garnet) then certainly perceiving that the plot was indeed discovered, and knowing themselves to be the chiefest authors thereof, prophesied the overthrow of the whole order of the Jesuits; saying, that they feared that the discovery and miscarrying of this practise, would utterly undo and overthrow the whole society of the Jesuits. But Greenwell the Jesuit being carried with a more violent and fiery spirit, posteth up and down to incite such as he could to rise up in open rebellion: and meeting in master Abington's house with Hall, another Jesuit, adviseth him the said Hall likewise to lose no time, but forthwith to seek to raise and stir up so many as he could; but Hall seeming to deliberate thereof, whether seeing no end of so rash an attempt, or fearing by that means to be himself apprehended, Tesmond told him that he was a flegmatick fellow and said, a man may herein see the difference betwixt a flegmatick man (such as he meant Hall was) and a cholerick, as he said himself was: and further added, that he was resolved to do his best endeavours for the raising of a rebellion, under this false pretext * See p. 197. and colour, that it was concluded that the throats of all the catholics in England should be cut; so persuading himself to incite them to take arms for to stand upon their guard and defence: and with this devise he posted away into the county of Lancaster. Afterwards Hall the Jesuit, otherwise called Oldcorn, being arged by Humphrey Littleton with the evil success of their intended Treason, that surely God was displeased and offended with such bloody and barbarous courses, instead of an humble acknowledgment of the justice of God, and a sense of the wickedness of the Treason, fell rather Satanically to argue for the justification of the same: and said, Ye must not judge the cause by the event; for the eleven tribes of Israel were by God himself commanded to go and fight against Benjamin, yet were they twice overthrown: so Lewis of France fighting against the Turk, his army was scattered, and himself died of the plague and lastly, the Christians defending of Rhodes, were by the Turks overcome. And these he applied to the Powder-Treason, and persuaded Littleton not to judge it ungodly or unlawful by the event. Observe here a double consequent of this Powder-Treason. First, open rebellion, as hath been-shewed both immediately before, and more at large in the former arraignment? and since that, blasphemy in Garnet the sperior of the Jesuits; for, he having liberty in the Tower to write, and sending a letter (which letter was openly shewed in the court before him) to an acquaintance of his in the GateHouse, there was nothing therein to be seen but ordinary matter, and for certain necessaries: but in the margin, which he made very great and spacious, and underneath, where there remained clean paper, he wrote cunningly with the juice of an orange, or of a lemon, to publish his innocency, and concerning his usage; and there denieth those things which before he had freely and voluntarily confessed: and said, that for the Spanish Treason, he was freed by his majesty's pardon; and as for the Powder Treason, he hoped for want of proof against him, to avoid that well enough: but concludeth blasphemously, applying the words which were spoken of our blessed Saviour, to himself in this damnable Treason, and saith, ▾ Necesse est ut homo moriatur pro populo:' It is necessary that one man die for the people:' which words Caiaphas spake of Christ. Wherein note his prevarication and equivocation; for before the Lords Commissioners he truly and freely confessed his Treasons, being (as himself under his own hand confesseth) overwhelmed tanta nube testium;' and yet ad faciendum populum,' in his Letters which he wrote abroad, he cleareth himself of the Powder-Treason. And thus much concerning the two circumstances subsequent, which were rebellion and blasphemy. The Circumstances concurring, are concerning the persons both offending and offended. For the principal person offending, here at the bar, he is, as you have heard, a man of many names, Garnet, Wally, Darcy, Roberts, Farmer, Philips: and surely I have not commonly known and observed a true man, that hath had so many false appellations: be is by country an Englishman, by birth a gentleman, by education a scholar, afterwards a corrector of the common law print, with Mr. Tottle the printer; and now is to be corrected by the law. He hath many gifts and endowments of nature, by art learned, a good linguist, and by profession a Jesuit, and a superior, as indeed he is superior to all his predecessors in devilish Treason; a doctor of Jesuits, that is, a doctor of five DD's, as dissimulation, deposing of princes, disposing of kingdoms, daunting and deterring of subjects, and destruction. Their dissimulation appeareth out of their doctrine of equivocation: concerning which it was thought fit to touch something of that which was more copiously delivered in the former arraignment, in respect of the presence of Garnet there, who was the superior of the Jesuits in England, concerning the treatise of equivocation seen and allowed by Garnet, and by Blackwell the archpriest; wherein, under the pretext of the lawfulness of a mixt proposition to express one part of a man's mind, and retain another, people are indeed taught not only simple lying, but fearful and damnable blasphemy. And whereas the Jesuits ask, why we convict and condemn them not for heresy; it is for that they will equivocate, and so cannot that way be tried or judged according to their words. Now for the antiquity of equivocation, it is indeed very old, within little more than three hundred years after Christ, used by Arius the heretick, who having in a general council been condemned, and then by the commandment of Constantine the emperor sent into exile, was by the said emperor, upon instant intercession for him, and promise of his future conformity to the Nicene faith, recalled again: who returning home, and having before craftily set down in writing his heretical belief, and put it into his bosom, when he came into the presence of the emperor, and had the Nicene faith pro pounded unto him, and was thereupon asked, whether he then did indeed, and so constantly would hold that faith, he (clapping his hand upon his bosom where his paper lay) answered and vowed that he did, and so would constantly profess and hold that faith (laying his hand on his bosom where the paper of his heresy lay) meaning fraudulently (by way of equivocation) that faith of his own, which he had written and carried in his bosom. For these Jesuits, they indeed make no vow of speaking truth, and yet even this equivocating and lying is a kind of unchastity, against which they vow and promise: For as it hath been said of old, Cor linguæ fœderat naturæ 'sanctio, veluti in quodam certo connubio: ergo cum dissonent cor et loquutio, sermo concipitur in adulterio.' That is, The law and sanction of nature, hath, as it were, married the heart and tongue, by joining and knitt ing of them together in a certain kind of marriage; and therefore when there is discord between them two, the speech that proceeds from them, is said to be conceived in adultery, and he that breeds such bastard-children offends against chastity. But note the heavy and woeful fruit of this doctrine of equivocation: Francis Tresham being near his natural death in the Tower, had of charity his wife permitted, for his comfort, to come unto him: Who understanding that her husband had before directly and truly accused Garnet of the Spanish treason, lest belike her husband should depart this life with a conscience that he had revealed any thing concerning the superior of the Jesuits, a very little before he died, drew him to this; that his own hand being so feeble as that he could not write himself, yet he caused his servant then attending on him, to write that which he did dictate, and therein protested upon his salvation, That he had not seen the said Garnet of 16 years before, and thereupon prayed that his former confession to the contrary might in no wise take place; and that this paper of his retractation which he had weakly and dyingly subscribed, | might, after his death, be delivered to the earl of Salisbury: Whereas master Garnet himself hath clearly confessed the Spanish treason, and now acknowledged the same at the bar; and he and Mrs. Fawkes, and others, directly confess and say, That Garnet and Tresham had, within two years space, been very often together, and also many times before: But, qualis vita, finis ita.' And Garnet himself, being at the bar afterwards urged to say what he thought of such the departure of Francis Tresham out of this life, answered only this; I think he meant to equivocate. Thus were they stained with their own works, and went a whoring with their own inventions, as it is in the psalm. So that this is indeed 'Gens perfida,' according to the hymn, A perfidious people; and therefore, Jurat? crede minus, non jurat? credere noli. Jurat, non jurat hostis, ab hoste cave.' For their doctrine of deposing of princes, Simanca and Philopater are plain, as hath in the former arraignment been more amply declared, and was now again at large to Garnet's face repeated: If a prince be an heretick, then is he excommunicated, cursed, and deposed; his children deprived of all their right of succession, himself not to be restored to his temporal estate upon repentance. And by an heretick, they profess, that he is intended and meant, namely, whosoever doth not hold the religion of the church of Rome. Nay, there is an easier and more expedite way than all these to fetch off the crown from off the head of any king christened whatsoever; which is this, That Princeps indulgendo hæreticis, amittit regnum;' If any prince shall but tolerate or favour bereticks, he loseth his kingdom. Nay, whereas Garnet, in defence of this usurped power of the high-priest of Rome, alledged, Nos sanctorum,' &c. out of the decretals; in the very next title before that, there is another decree that passeth all we have recited; wherein it is shewed, that Zachary the pope deposed Childerick of France, for nothing else there specified, sed quia inutilis,' but only for that he was reputed unprofitable to govern. Now as concerning their daunting and deterring of subjects, which is a part of the Jesuits profession; it were good that they would know and remember, how that the most noble and famous kings of England never were afraid of pope's bulls, no not in the very midnight of popery, as Edward the Confessor, Henry 1, Edward 1, Richard 2, Henry 4, Henry 5, &c. And in the time of Henry 7, and in all their times, the pope's legate never passed Calais, but staid there, and came not to England, until he had taken a solemn oath to do nothing to the detriment of the crown or state. For the Persons offended, they were these: 1. The King, of whom I have spoken often, but never enough: A king of high and most noble ancient descent, as hath been briefly declared; and in himself full of all imperial virtues, religion, justice, clemency, learning, wis dom, memory, affability, and the rest. 2. The Queen; and she, in respect of her happy fruitfulness, is a great blessing, insomuch that of her, in that respect, may be said, she is Ortu magna, viro major, sed maxima prole;' great in birth, greater in her marriage, but to all posterity greatest, in the blessed fruit of her womb, as having brought forth the greatest prince that ever England had. 3. The noble Prince, of whom we may say, with the poet, Quæ te tam læta tulere secula? Qui tanti talem genuere parentes? Never prince, true heir-apparent to the imperial crown, had such a father, nor ever king had such a son. 4. Then the whole royal issue, the council, the nobility, the clergy, nay our religion itself, and especially this city of London, that is famous for her riches, more famous for her people, having above 500,000 souls within her and her liberties, most famous for her fidelity, and more than most famous of all the cities in the world for her true religion and service of God: Hold up thy head, noble city, and advance thyself, for that never was thy brow blotted with the least taint or touch, or suspicion of disloyalty: Thou mayest truly say with the prophet David, I will take no wicked thing in hand, I hate 'the sin of unfaithfulness, there shall no such cleave unto me.' Therefore for thy fidelity thou art honoured with the title of The King's Chamber,' as an inward place of his greatest safety: And for thy comfort and joy this day, hath Britain's great king honoured thee with the proceeding upon this great and honourable commission: after the heavy and doleful rumours this other day, when it was certainly known that king James was in safety, well did the fidelity of this city appear, (whereof I was an eye-witness) Una voce conclamaverunt ' omnes, salva Londinum, salva patria, salva religio, Jacobus rex noster salvus;' ' Our city, our country, our religion is safe, for our 'king James is in safety.' 6 The Observations are many, and only in a word to be touched: 1. That in the Spanish treason before-mentioned, and this Powdertreason, there was the same Order, Cause and End. The Order was, first, to deal by secret practice and treason, and then by force and invasion. The Cause which they pretend, was the Romish Catholick Religion. The End was the final destruction of the royal succession, yea, even 'occidere regnum,' to overthrow and dissolve the whole kingdom. 2. Note, that even the enemy hath acknowledged, that our state is so settled and established, as neither strength nor stratagem can prevail, unless there be a party made in England. 3. We shall never have Bull more to come from Rome to England, because they shall never have a party strong enough to encounter with so many lions. 4. All their canons, decrees, and new-found doctrines tend to one of these two ends; either worldly pride, or wicked policy; for the amplitude and enlargement of the pope's authority, and for the safety of the jesuits, priests, &c. 5. Observe that Baynam, a layman, and one of the damned crew, and so naming himself, was sent to inform the pope as a temporal prince. 6. I conceive their fall to be near at hand, both by divinity and by philosophy. For the first, there are now in England about 400 priests: so many were there in Israel in the days of Ahab; Who,' saith God, shall go and deceive Ahab, that he may fall? A lying spirit in the mouths of his 400 prophets undertook and effected it; their fall was near, when once a lying spirit had possessed the priests, according to the vision of Micheas, as it now hath possessed the Jesuits: 2dly, the imitation of good for the most part comes short of the pattern; but the imitation of evil ever exceeds the example. Now no imitation can exceed this fact, and therefore their time is at an end. 7. Many condemn it now, that would have commended it, if it had taken effect; for this, say they, is ' E numero eorum quæ non laudantur nisi peracta. 8. They and their adherents spread abroad false rumours; as that the king should have broken promise with them concerning toleration which mixture of God's service, rather than he would suffer, he would lose children, crown, life, and all. Nay, they may see there is no such hope left, for that his majesty bringeth up his royal issue in the true religion and service of the Almighty. : Lastly; Observe the wonderful Providence of God in the admirable Discovery of this Superior Jesuit to be party to this Treason; and that in two respects: 1. In respect of the means of secrecy, used by him in conference only with Catesby of the laity. 2. They had a strong and a deep oath given them both for secrecy and perseverance. 3. They hereupon received the holy Sacrament. 4. They were allowed and taught by the Jesuits, to equivocate upon oath, salvation or otherwise: and how then should it be discovered? 5. Their secret intelligence was such, as that it was impossible by the wit of man to be found out. And therefore, 2. The second thing is, How this Treason being long sithence plotted, the Providence of God did continually from time to time divert and put off the executing thereof, by unexpected putting off the times of assembly in parliament. For the parliament began the 19th of March, in the first year of his majesty's reign, and continued till the 7th of July following, before which time the conspirators could not be ready: from thence it was prorogued until the 7th of Feb. against which time they could not make the mine ready, in respect that they could not dig there, for that the commis sioners of the union sat near the place, and the wall was thick, and therefore they could not be provided before the 7th of Feb.; and on the 7th of Feb. the parliament was prorogued until the 5th of October. After this, they found another course, and altered the place from the mine to the cellar. O blessed change of so wicked a work! Oh! but these fatal engineers are not yet discovered, and yet all things are prepared. Oh prorogue it once more! And accordingly, God put it into his majesty's heart (having then not the least suspicion of any such matter) to prorogue the parliament; and further, to open and enlighten his understanding, out of a mystical and dark letter, like an angel of God, to point to the cellar, and command that to be searched; so that it was discovered thus miraculously, but even a few hours before the design should have been executed. The Conclusion thereof shall be this; Qui 'cum Jesu itis, non itis cum Jesuitis:' For, They encourage themselves in mischief, and commune among themselves secretly, how they may lay snares, and say, that no man shall see them. But God shall suddenly shoot at them with a swift arrow, that they shall be wounded: insomuch that whoso seeth it shall say, this hath God done; for they shall perceive that it is his work.' Then were repeated the proofs for every of the particular accusations aforesaid, by the express and voluntary confessions of Garnet, and of his complices themselves, and of two credible witnesses sworn at the bar, and openly heard viva voce, and acknowledged by Garnet himself to be men without exception. Then Mr. Garnet having licence of the court to answer what he could for himself, spake, and divided all which, had been objected, to his remembrance, into four parts, viz. Containing matter of, 1st, Doctrine. 2dly, Recu sants. 3dly, Jesuits in general. 4thly, Himself in particular. ist, In Doctrine, he remembered two points: 1. Concerning Equivocation: whereunto he answered, That their church condemned all lying, but especially if it be in cause of religion and faith, that being the most pernicious lye of all others, and by St. Augustine condemned in the Prisciallianists: nay, to lye in any eause is held a sin and evil; howsoever of eight degrees which St. Augustine maketh, the lowest indeed is to lye for to procure the good of some, without hurting of any. So then our equivocation is not to maintain lying, but to defend the use of certain propositions: for a man may be asked of one, who hath no authority to interrogate, or examined concerning something which belongeth not to his cognizance who asketh, as what a man thinketh, &c. So then no man may equivocate, when he ought to tell the truth, otherwise he may. And so St. Augustine upon John saith, That Christ denied he knew the day of judgment, viz. with purpose to tell it to his disciples; and so St. Thomas and others who handle this matter, chiefly under the title of Confession. 2. For the second point, which was the power of the pope in deposing of princes, his Answer was threefold. 1. That therein he only propounded and followed the general doctrine of the church. 2. That this doctrine of the power of the pope, was by all other Catholick princes tolerated without grievance. 3. That yet for his own part, he always made a difference in the matter of excommunicating and deposing of princes, betwixt the condition and state of our king and of others, who having sometimes been Catholicks, did or shall afterwards fall back. As for Simanca, and other writers, whatsoever they set down of the deposing of hereticks, it is to be understood of those princes, who, having sometimes professed the faith of the Church of Rome, do afterwards make a defection from the same. 2dly, For Recusants; 1. I desire them not to impute any offence or crime of mine, to the prejudice of the cause of religion. 2. Concerning their not going to church; whereas it was urged by Mr. Attorney, that the ground of their not going to church, was the excommunication and Bull of Pius Quintus; and that now they may go, for that his majesty is not denounced excommunicate: I answer, That it followeth not; for the Arians and Catholicks had the same service in their churches, yet came they not together; and I know divers myself, who, before that Bull, refused to go to church all the time of queen Elizabeth, though perhaps most Catholicks did indeed go to church before. It was about the end of the council of Trent, where this matter was discussed by twelve learned men, and concluded not lawful. And this was occasioned, for that Calvin himself held it not lawful for any Protestant to be present, not only at our mass, wherein perhaps they may say there is idolatry, but not at our even-song, being the same with theirs.. 3dly, Concerning the Jesuits, he said, That if any were privy to such horrible treasons, it was impious, especially in men of their profession: but said, that he talked with some of them about it, and that they denied it. 4thly, Touching myself, The Negotiation into Spain was indeed propounded unto me, and I was also acquainted with the negotiation for money, but ever intended it should be bestowed for the relief of poor Catholicks: but when they were there, they moved for an army; which when they afterwards acquainted me withal, I misliked it, and id, it would be much disliked at Rome: only I must needs confess I did conceal it after the example of Christ, who commands us, when our brother offends, to reprove him, for if he do amend, we have gained him; yet I must needs confess, that the laws made against such concealing, are very good and just, for it is not fit the safety of a prince should depend upon any other man's conscience. So that I am verily persuaded, if they yielded to me, it had been good: but what their intent and meaning was, in desiring an army, I knew not, and I was charged not to meddle therein, no not with the money which was to be sent for pensions, though it was to maintain the Title of the king. The Earl of Salisbury then demanded, To maintain whose Title ? Garnet answered, The Title of the king of Spain. The earl of Northampton asked him, Why he did not oppose himself against it, and forbid it, as he might have done? For Qui cum possit non prohibet, jubet.' Whereupon Garnet answered, That he might not do it: and for sending of letters, and commending some persons thereby, he confessed he did it often, as they were commended to him without knowing either their purposes, or some of their persons; for he never knew Mr. Wright, for whom he writ. The earl of Salisbury then replied to Garnet, I must now remember you, how little any of your answers can make for your purpose, when you would seek to colour your dealing with Baynam, by professing to write to Rome to procure a countermand of conspiracies; and yet you know, when he took his journey towards Rome, the blow must needs have been passed, before the time he could have arrived to the pope's presence, (such being your zeal and his haste for any such prevention) as it was about the 20th of our October when he passed by Florence towards Rome. To which Garnet made no great answer, but let it pass: and then went on with his Defence of sending Letters in commendation of many of those with which he had been formerly charged, and so confessed that he had written commendation of Fawkes, thinking that he went to serve as a soldier, not knowing then of any other purpose he had in hand. And as for sir Edmund Baynam, what he or Mr. Catesby intended, he knew not in particular; only Mr. Catesby asked him in general, the question of the lawfulness to destroy innocents with nocents, as had been before objected against him; which at first, I thought, said Garnet, had been an idle question, though afterwards I did verily think, he intended something that was not good. Whereupon having shortly after this, received letters from Rome, to prohibit all insurrections intended by Catholicks, which might perturb this state; Garnet informed Catesby thereof, and told him, That if he pro |