ness.

needed? Let the disconsolate widow, nd helpless: an, ie ". orphan, whose cause I am advocating, be my wit-as had been his experience in public life, it had one of is firs Mr C. sa, i tle I confess, sir, that I am excited, and my sensibi-station is surrounded by difficulties and embarrass. been sufficient to teach him, that the most humble lity is awakened. My imagination transports me men's. into some distant wilderness, in some sequestered of the president, he would precede him, and pick Rather than throw obstructions in the way spot. A female form stands before me, and seems out those, if he could, which migh' jostle him in to say, "Once I enjoyed the conveniencies and plea- his progress-he would sympathise with him in sures of life. Excluded, in some measure, from his embarrassments, and commisserate with him in the enjoyment and allurements of the world, I was his misfortunes. It was true, that it had been his happy in the society of my husband, and the embra-mortification to differ with that gentleman on ces of my children' The bounty of Providence was several occasions. He might be again reluctantly poured in, in copious effusion; the sun of prosperity compelled to differ with him; bu: he would, with had risen, was shedding its beams upon us, and the utmost sincerity, assure the committee, that he hastening to its meridian. But, it was at once ob-had formed no resolution, come under no engage. scured by a cloud. Some foreign incendiary, promp-ments, and that he never would form any resoluted by avarice or revenge, excited the savage, tion, or contract any engagement, for systematic opand provoked him to vengeance. The midnight position to his administration, or to that of any other yell was heard-our habitation was assailed-the chief magistrate. doors were forced-the horrors of despair thicken

Mr. C begged leave further to premise, that

The

ed around us. My husband met and fell under their the subject under consideration presented two fatal stroke; my children clung to my neck, and distinct aspects, susceptible, in his judgment, of fastened on my bosom;-they were torn from my em- the most clear and precise discrimination. brace, and mangled and murdered in my presence! one he would call its foreign, the other its domestic I was doomed to a more lingering fate-to endure aspect. In regard to the first, he would say, that the torch and the faggot, and wait the tardy ap- he approved entirely of the conduct of his governproach of the fatal messenger, in most excrutiating men, and that Spain had no cause of complaint. torment. Our spirits have taken their fight-our Having violated an important stipulation of the mangled bodies are cast out a prey to the vultures treaty of 1795, that power had justly subjected and wolves of the deserts-our bones are scattered herself to all the consequences which ensued upon and bleached on the mountains. cates of false humanity-go tell your countrymen, to her to complain of those measures which resulted Go tell the advo- the entry into her dominions, and it belonged not who revel and wanton in the luxuries of freedom, from her breach of contract; still less had she a right that there is an avenging Gon; that justice and mer to examine into the considerations connected with cy demand a prompt and severe retribution; that the domestic aspect of the subject. duty and policy demand that you should punish, with instant death, every foreign instigator of Inmittee? The first in order was that reported by What were the propositions before the comdian barbarity, wherever he may be, and whenever the military committee, which asserts the disaphe may be found. Then will your country be- probation of this house of the proceedings in the come the protectors of the unfortunate, and the de trial and execution of Arbuthnot and Ambrister. fenders of the defenceless. Then will you have The second, being the first contained in the protranquillity on your borders-prosperity in your posed amendment, was the consequence of that dwellings. Then will your peace be indeed as a disapprobation, and contemplates the passag- of a river, and your righteousness as the waves of the law to probibit the execution hereafter of any sea."-There is a pause-and I seem to hear the captive, taken by the army, without the approbation responsive Amen, descending from the throne of in- of the president. The third proposition was, toat finite mercy. Mr. CLAY, (Speaker) rose.-In rising to ad- the Spanish posts, as contrary to orders, and in this house disapproves of the forcible seizure of dress you, sir, said he, on the very interesting sub- violation of the cons itution. The fourth proposi ject which now engages the attention of congress, tion, as the result of the last, is, that a law should I must be allowed to say, that all inferences, drawn pass to prohibit the march of the army of the Unitfrom the course which it will be my painful duty ed States, or any corps of it, into any foreign terto take in this discussion, of unfriendliness to ei ritory, without the previous authorization of conther the chief magistrate of the country, or to the gress, except it be in fresh pursuit of a defeated illustrious military chieftain, whose operations are under investigation, will be wholly unfounded. Towards that distinguished captain, who has shed so much glory on our country, whose renown con stitutes so grcat a portion of its moral property, I never had, I never can have, any other feelings than those of the most profound respect, and of this simple statement of the propositions, that no It would be at once perceived, Mr. C. said, by the utmost kindness. With him my acquaintance other censure was proposed against general Jackis very limited, but, so far as it has extended, it son himself, than what was merely consequential. has been of the most amicable kind. I know, said His name even did not appear in any one of the Mr. C. the motives which have been, and which resolutions. The legislature of the country, in will again be, attributed to me, in regard to the reviewing the state of the Union, and considering other exalted personage alluded to. They have the events which have transpired since its last been, and will be, unfounded. I have no interest, meeting, finds that particular occurrences, of the other than that of seeing the concerns of my coun greatest moment, in many respects, had taken place try well and happily administered. It is infinitely near our southern border. He would add, that more gratifying to behold the prosperity of my the house had not sought, by any officious intercountry advancing, by the wisdom of the measures ference with the duties of the executive, to gain adopted to promote it, than it would be to expose jurisdiction over this matter. The president, in the errors which may be committed, if there be his message at the opening of the session, com

enemy. The first and third were general propositions, declaring the sense of the house in regard to the evils pointed out; and the second and fourth proposed the legislative remedies against the recurrence of those evils.

municated the v y informa ion n which it is pro this instrument until within few days past and posed to act. H woul! ask, for what purpose? he had read it with the deepest mortification That we should fold our arms, and yield a tacit and regret. A more dictatorial spirit he had acquiescence, even if we supposed that informa. never een displayed in any instrument. He tion disclosed alarming events, not merely as it would challenge an examination of all the reregards the peace of the country, but in respect cor is of diplomacy, not excepting even those in to its constitution and character? Impossible the most haughty period of imperious Rome, when In communicating these papers, and voluntarily she was carrying her arms into the barbarian nacalling the attention of congress to the subject, tions that surrounded her; and he did not believe the president must himself have intended that we a solitary instance could be found of such an inshould apply any remedy that we might be able to exorable spirit of domination pervading a compact devise. Having the subject tus regularly and purporting to be a treaty of PEACE. It consisted fairly before us, and proposing merely to collect of the most severe and bumiliating demands-of the sense of the house upon certain important the surrender of large territory-of the privilege transactions which it discloses, with the view to the passage of such laws as may be demanded by of the Creek nation, disregarding the genuine the public interest, he repeated, that there was no spirit of existing treaties, suffered themselves to censure any where, except such as was strictly be instigated to violations of their national honor, consequential upon our legislative action. The and the respect due to a part of their own nation, supposition of every new law, having for its objec faithful to the United States, and the principles to prevent the recurrence of evil, is, that something of humanity, by impostors denominating themselves has happened which ought not to have taken place, prophets, and by the duplicity and misrepresentaand no other than this indirect sort of censure tion of foreign emissaries, whose governments are would flow from the resolutions before the com- at war, open or understood, with the United States. mittee.

Having thus given his view of the nature and character of the propositions under consideration, Mr. C. said he was far from intimating, that it was not his purpose to go into a full, a free, and a thorough investigation of the facts and of the prin ciples of law, public, municipal and constitutional, involved in them. And, whilst he trusted he should speak with the decorum due to the distinguished officers of the government, whose proceedings were to be examined, he should exercise the inde pendence which belonged to him as a representative of the people, in freely and fully submitting his sentiments.

:

Art. 2. The United States will guarantee to the Creek nation the integrity of all their territory scribed in the first article] to be run and described eastwardly, and northwardly of the said line, [deas mentioned in the first article.

Creek nation abandon all communication, and cease to hold any intercourse, with any British or Spaadmit among them any agent or trader, who shall nish post, garrison or town; and that they shall not not derive authority to hold commercial, or other, dent, or authorized agent of the United States. intercourse with them, by license from the presi

Art. 3. The United States demand that the

Art. 4 The United States demand an acknowledgment of the right to establish military posts and trading houses, and to open roads within the ter ritory guaranteed to the Creek nation by the secondarticle, and a right to the free navigation of all its

waters.

In noticing the painful incidents of this war, it was impossible not to enquire into its origin. He feared that would be found to be the famous treaty of fort Jackson, concluded in August, 1814; and he asked the indulgence of the chairman that the Art. 5. The United States demand that a sur clerk might red certain parts of that treaty. [The render be immedietely made, of all the persons clerk of the house having accordingly read as re-and property taken from the citizens of the United ques ed, Mr. C. proceeded.*] He bad never persued States, the friendly part of the Creek nation, the Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw nations, to the The passages read by the clerk were as follow: respective owners; and the United States will cause "Whereas an unprovoked, inhuman and sanguito be immediately restored to the formerly hostile nary war, waged by the hostile Creeks against the Creeks all the property taken from then since United States, hath been repelled, prosecuted and their submission, either by the United States, or determined, successfully on the part of the said by any Indian nations in amity with the United states, in conformity with principles of national States, together with all the prisoners taken from justice and honorable warfare. and whereas con- them during the war. sideration is due to the rectitude of proceeding dictated by instructions relating to the re-establish ment of peace; be it remembered, that, prior to the conquest of that part of the Creek nation, hostile to the United States, numberless aggressions had been committed against the peace, the property, and the lives, of citizens of the United States, and those of the Creek nation in amity with her, at the mouth of Duck river, fort Mimms, and elsewhere, Art. 7. The Creek nation, being reduced to extreme contrary to national faith, and the regard due to an want, and not at present having the means of subarticle of the treaty concluded at New York in the sistance, the United States, from motives of huyear 1790, between the two nations: that the Unit-manity, will continue to furnish, gratuitously, the ed States, previous to the perpetration of such outrages, did, in order to ensure future amity and concord between the Creek nation and the said states, in conformity with the stipulations of former treaties, fulfil, with punctuality and good faith, her engagements to the said nation: that more than two thirds of the whole number of chiefs and warriors (ing.

Art. 6. The United States demand the caption and surrender of all the prophets and instigators of the war, whether foreigners or natives, who have not submitted to the arms of the United States, and become parties to these articles of capitulation, if ever they shall be found within the territory guaranteed to the Creek nation by the second article.

necessaries of life, until the crops of corn can be considered competent to yield the nation a supply, and will establish trading houses in the nation, at the discretion of the president of the United States, and at such places as he shall direct, to enable the nation, by industry and economy, to procure cloth

*The following is the letter from ten of the Seminole towns, that Mr C. read.

of making roads through even what was retained for their lands. That treaty, Mr. C. said, he feared of the right of establishing trading houses-of had been the main cause of the recent war. “And the obligation of delivering into our hands their if it had been, it only added another melancholy prophets. And all this, of a wretched people, proof to those with which history already abounds, reduced to the last extremity of distress, whose that hard and unconscionable terms, extorted by miserable existence we had to preserve by a vo- the power of the sword and the right of conquest, luntary stipulation to furnish them with bread! served but to whet and stimulate revenge, and to When even did conquering and desolating Rome give to old hostilities, smothered, not extinguished, fail to respect the altars and the gods of those by the pretended peace, greater exasperation and whom she subjugated! Let me not be told that more ferocity. A truce thus patched up with an these prophets were impostors, who deceived the unfortunate people, without the means of existence, Indians. They were their prophets-the Indians without bread, is no real peace. The instant there believed and venerated them, and it is not for us is the slightest prospect of relief, from such harsh to dictate a religious belief to them. It does not and severe conditions, the conquered party will belong to the holy character of the religion which fly to arms, and spend the last drop of blood rather we profess, to carry its precepts, by force of the than live in such degraded bondage. Even if you bayonet, into the bosoms of other people. Mild again reduce him to submission, the expenses and gentle persuasion was the great instrument incurred by this second war, to say nothing of the employed by the meek founder of our religion. human lives that are sacrificed, will be greater thần We leave to the humane and benevolent efforts of what it would have cost you to have granted him the reverend professors of Christianity to convert liberal conditions in the first instance. This treaty, from barbarism those unhappy nations yet immers he repeated it, was, he apprehended, the cause of ed in its gloom. But, sir, spare them their pro- the war. It led to those excesses on our southern phets. Spare their delusions! Spare their pre-borders which began it. Who first commenced judices and superstitions! Spare them even their them, it was perhaps difficult to ascertain. There religion, such as it is, from open and cruel violence. was, however, a paper on this subject, communicat. When, sir, was that treaty concluded? On the ed at the last session, by the president, that told, very day, after the protocol was signed, of the in language so pathetic and feeling, an artless tale first conference between the American and British-a paper that carried such internal evidence at commissioners, treating of peace, at Ghent. In least, of the belief of the authors of it that they the course of that negociation, pretensions so enor were writing the truth, that he would ask the favor mous were set up, by the other party, that when of the committee to allow him to read it.* I should they were promulgated in this country, there was one general burst of indignation throughout the continent. Faction itself was silerced, and the firm and unanimous determination of all parties To the commanding officer at Fort Hawkins. was, to fight until the last man fell in the ditch Dear Sir:-Since the last war, after you sent rather than submit to such ignominious terms.- word that we must quit the war, we, the Red peoWhat a contrast is exhibited between the cotem. pie, have come over on this side. The white peoporaneous scenes of Ghent and of fort Jackson: pie have carried all the red people's cattle off. After What a powerful voucher would the British com- the war, I sent to all my people to let white peomissioners have been furnished with, if they could ple alone, and stay on this side of the river; and have got hold of that treaty! The United States they did so: but the white people still continue to demand! The United States demand, is repeated carry off their cattle. Barnard's son was here, and five or six times. And what did the preamble I enquired of him what was to be done-and he said itself disclose? That two thirds of the Creek na- we must go to the head man of the white people, tion had been hostile, and one third only friendly and complain. I did so, and there was no white to us. Now, he had heard (he could not vouch for head man, and there was no law in this case. The the truth of the statement) that not one hostile whites first begun, and there is nothing said about chief signed the treaty. He had also heard that that; but great complaint made about what the Inperhaps one or two of them had. If the treaty dians do This is now three years since the white really were made by a minority of the nation, it people killed three Indians; since that they have was not obligatory upon the whole nation. It was killed three other Indians, and taken their horses, void, considered in the light of a national compact. and what they had; and this summer they killed And, if void, the Indians were entitled to the bene-three more; and very lately they killed one more. fit of the provision of the ninth article of the treaty We sent word to the white people that these of Ghent, by which we bound ourselves to make murders were done, and the answer was, that they peace with any tribes with whom we might be at were people that were out laws, and we ought to war, on the ratification of the treaty, and to restore go and kill them. The white people killed our to them their lands as they held them in 1811. people first; the Indians then took satisfaction. Mr. C. said he did not know how the honorable There are yet three men that the red people have senate, that body for which he held so high a re-never taken satisfaction for. You have wrote that spect, could have given their sanction to the treaty there were houses burnt; but we know of no such of fort Jackson, so utterly irreconcileable as it is thing being done: the truth in such cases ought to with those noble principles of generosity and be told, but this appears otherwise. On that side magnanimity which he hoped to see his country of the river the white people have killed five Inalways exhibit, and particularly towards the miser- dians; but there is nothing said about that; and all able remnant of the aborigines. It would have that the Indians have done is brought up. All the comported better with those principles, to have mischief the white people have done, ought to be told to imitated the benevolent policy of the founder of their head man. When there is any thing done, you Pennsylvania, and to have given to the Creeks, write to us; but never write to your head man what conquered as they were, even if they had made an the white people do. When the red people send unjust war upon us, the trifling consideration, to talks, or write, they always send the truth. You them an adequate compensation, which he paid 'have sent to us for horses, and we sent you all that

be very unwilling, Mr. C. said, to assert, in regard feel the effect of moral causes and considerations, to this war, that the fault was on our side; but he attach ignominy to that mode of death. And the feared it was. He had heard that that very respect- gallant, and refined, and highminded man, seeks able man, now no more, who once filled the execu. by all possible means to avoid it. But, what cares tive chair of Georgia, and who, having been agent an Indian whether you hang or shoot him? The of Indian affairs in that quarter, had the best op moment he is captured, he is considered by his portunity of judging of the origin of this war, tribe as disgraced, if not lost. They, too, are deliberately pronounced it as his opinion, that the indifferent about the manner in which he is deIndians were not in fault. Mr. C. said that he was spatched. But, Mr. C. said, he regarded the oc far from attribu ing to gen. Jackson any other than currence with grief for other and higher considera. the very slight degree of blame which attached to tions. It was the first instance that he knew of him as the negociator of the treaty of fort Jackson, in the annals of our country, in which retaliation, and which would be shared by those who subse by executing Indian captives, had even been delibe. quently ratified and sanctioned that treaty. But rately practised. There may have been exceptions, if there were even a doubt as to the origin of the but if there were, they met with contemporaneous war, whether we were censurable or the Indians, condemnation, and have been reprehended by the that doubt would serve to increase our regret at just pen of impartial history. The gentleman from any distressing incidents which may have occurred, Massachusetts may tell me, if he pleases, what he and to mitigate, in some degree, the crimes which pleases about the tomahawk and scalping knifewe impute to the other side. He knew, he said, about Indian enormities, and foreign miscreants that, when gen. Jackson was summoned to the field, and incendiaries. I, too, hate them; from my very it was too late to hesitate-the fatal blow had been soul I abominate them. But, I love my country, struck in the destruction of Fowl town, and the and its constitution; I love liberty and safety, and dreadful massacre of lieut. Scott and his detach- fear military despotism more even than I hate these ment; and the only duty which remained to him was to terminate this unhappy contest.

monsters. The gentleman, in the course of his remarks, alluded to the state from which I have the The first circumstance which, in the course of honor to come. Little, sir, does he know of the his performing that duty, fixed our attention, had, high and magnanimous sentiments of the people of Mr. C. said, filled him with regret. It was the execu- that state, if he supposes they will approve of the tion of the Indian chiefs. How, he asked, did they transaction to which he referred. Brave and genecome into our possession? Was it in the course rous, humanity and clemency towards a fallen foe of fair, and open, and honorable war? No; but by constitute one of their roblest characteristics.— means of deception-by hoisting foreign colors on Amidst all the struggles for that fair land between the staff from which the stars and stripes should the natives and the present inhabitants, Mr. C. said alone have floated. Thus ensnared, the Indians he defied the gentleman to point out one instance were taken on shore, and without ceremony, and in which a Kentuckian had stained his hand bywithout delay, were hung. Hang an Indian! We, nothing but his high sense of the distinguished sersir, who are civilized, and can comprehend and vices and exalted merits of general Jackson prevented his using a different term-the execution of we could find; but there were soine dead. It ap- an unarmed and prostrate captive. Yes, said Mr. pears that all the mischief is laid on this town, but C. there was one solitary exception, in which a all the mischief that has been done by this town is man, enraged at beholding an Indian prisoner, who two horses; one of them is dead, and the other was had been celebrated for his enormities, and who sent back. The cattle that we are accused of tak- had destroyed some of his kindred, plunged his ing, were cattle that the white people took from us.sword into his bosom. The wicked deed was conOur young men went and brought them back, with sidered as an abominable outrage when it occurred, the same marks and brands. There were some of and the name of the man has been handed down our young men out hunting and they were killed: to the execration of posterity. I deny your right others went to take satisfaction, and the kettle of thus to retaliate on the aboriginal proprietors of one of the men that was killed was found in the the country; and, unless I am utterly deceived, it house where the woman and two children were may be shewn that it does not exist. But, before killed; and they supposed it had been her husband I attempt this, said Mr. C. allow me to make the who had killed the Indians, and took their satis-gentleman from Massachusetts a little better acfaction there. We are accused of killing up Ame-quainted with those people, to whose feelings and ricans, and so on; but since the word was sent to us sympathies he has appealed through their representhat peace was made, we stay steady at home, and meddle with no person. You have sent to us respect ing the black people on the Suwany river; we have nothing to do with them. They were put there by the English; and to them you ought to apply for any thing about them. We do not wish our country desolated by an army passing through it, for the concern of other people. The Indians have slaves there also; a great many of them. When we have an opportunity we shall apply to the English for them; but we cannot get them now.

This is what we have to say at present. Sir, I concinde by subscrioing myself your humble servant, &c.

September, the 11th day, 1817.

tative. During the late war with Great Britain, col. Campbell, under the command of my honor. able friend from Ohio, (Gen. Harrison) was placed at the head of a detachment, consisting chiefly, he believed, of Kentucky volunteers, in order to destroy the Mississinaway towns. They proceeded and performed the duty, and took some prisoners. And here is evidence of the manner in which they treated them. (Here Mr. C read the general orders issued in the return of the detachment.") I

*The following is the extract which Mr. C. read: "But the character of this gallant detachment, exhibiting, as it did, perseverance, fortitude and bravery, would, however, be ir complete, if, in the

N. B.-There are ten towns have read this letter midst of victory, they had forgotten the feelings of huand this is the answer.

A true copy from the original.

WM. BELL, aid de camp.

munity. It is with the sincerest pleasure that the general has heard, that the most punctual obedience was paid to his orders, in not only saving all the

hitherto to have done.

hope, sir, the honorable gentleman will be noriparture from the established laws and usages which abl better to appreciate the character and con-have regulated our Indian hostilities And does duct of my gallant countrymen than he appear the honorable gentleman from Massachusetts expect, in this august body, this enlightened assembly of christians and Americans, by glowing appeals to our passions, to make us forget our principles, our religion, our clemency, and our humanity? Why was it, Mr. C. asked, that we had not prac. tion, now for the first time asserted in regard to them? It was because it is a principle, proclaimed by reason, and enforced by every respectable writer on the law of nations, that retaliation is only justifiable as calculated to produce effect in the war. Vengeance was a new motive for resorting to it. If retaliation will produce no effect on the enemy, we are bound to abstain from it, by every consideration of humanity and of justice. Will it, then, produce effect on the Indian tribes? No; they care not about the execution of those of their warriors who are taken captive They are considered as disgraced by the very circumstance of their captivity, and it is often mercy to the unhappy captive, to deprive him of his existence. The poet evinced a profound knowledge of the Indian character, when he put into the mouth of the son of a distinguished chief, about to be led to the stake and tortured by his victorious enemy, the words

Begin ye tormentors! your threats are in vain! The son of Alknomok will never complain. Retaliation of Indian excesses, not producing then any effect in preventing their repetition, was condemned by both reason and the principles upon which alone, in any case, it can be justified. On this branch of the subject much more might be said, but, as he should possibly again allude to it, he would pass from it, for the present, to another topic.

But, sir, I have said that you have no right to practice, under color of retaliation, enormities on the Indians. I will advance, in support of this posi tion, as applicable to the origin of all law, the prin ciple, that whatever has been the custom, fromise i towards the Indian tribes the right of retaliathe commencement of a subject, whatever has been the uniform usage, co-eval and co-existent with the subject to which it relates, becomes its fixed law. Such was the foundation of all common law; and such he believed, was the principal foundation of all public or international law. If, then, it could be shewn that from the first settlement of the colonies, on this part of the American continent, to the present time, we have constantly abstained from retaliating upon the Indians the excesses practised by them towards us, we were morally bound by this invariable usage, and could not lawfully change it without the most cogent reasons. So far as his knowledge extended, he said, that, from the first settlement at Plymouth or at Jamestown, it had not been our practice to destroy Indian captives, combatants or non-combatants. He knew of but one deviation from the code which regulated the war fare between civilized communities, and that was the destruction of Indian towns, which was supposed to be authorized upon the ground that we could not bring the war to a termination but by destroying the means which nourished it. With this single exception, the other principles of the laws of civilized nations are extended to them, and are thus made law in regard to them. When did this humane custom, by which, in consideration of their ignorance, and of our enlightened condition, the rigors of war were mitigated, begin? At a time when we were weak, and they were comparatively strong -when they were the lords of the soil, and we were It was not necessary, Mr. C. said, for the purpose seeking from the vices, from the corruptions, from of his argument in regard to the trial and execution the religious intolerance, and from the oppressions of Arbuthnot and Ambrister, to insist on the innoof Europe, to gain an asylum among them And, cency of either of them. He would yield, for the when it is proposed to change this custom, to sub- sake of that argument, without inquiry, that both of stitute for it the bloody maxims of barbarous ages, them were guilty; that both had instigated the war: and to interpolate the Indian public law with re- and that one of them had led the enemy to battle. volting cruelties? At a time when the situation of It was possible, indeed, that a critical examination the two parties is totally changed-when we are of the evidence would shew, particularly in the case powerful and they are weak-at a time when, to of Arbuthnot, that the whole amount of his crime se a figure drawn from their own sublime elo-consisted in his trading, without the limits of the quence, the poor children of the forest have been United States, with the Seminole Indians, in the driven by the great wave which has flowed in from accustomed commodities which form the subject the Atlantic ocean to almost the base of the Rocky of Indian trade; and that he sought to ingratiate Mountains, and overwhelming them in its terrible himself with his customers, by espousing their inprogress, has left no other remains of hundreds of terests, in regard to the provision of the treaty of tribes, now extinct, than those which indicate the Ghent, which he may have honestly believed enremote existence of their former companion, the titled them to the restoration of their lands. And Mammoth of the new world! Yes, sir, it is at this if, indeed, the treaty of Fort Jackson, for the reaauspicious period of our country, when we hold a sons already assigned, were not binding upon the proud and lofy station, among the first nations of Creeks, there would be but too much cuse to lathe world, that we are called upon to sanction a de-ment his unhappy, if not unjust fate. The first inpression made on the ex mination of the proceed. women and children, but in sparing at the warriorsings in the trial and execution of those two men. is, who ceased to resist, and that, even when vigorously that, on the part of Amorister, there was the most attacked by the enemy, the claims of mercy pre guilt, but at the same time the most irregularity. vailed over every sense of their own danger, and Concing the point of the guilt of both, with the this heroic band respected the lives of their prisoners. qualification which he had stated, he would proceed Let an account of murdered innocence be opened to enquire, first, if their exe ution could be justiin the records of heaven against our enemies alone. fi d upon the principles assumed by general Jackson The American soldier will follow the example of his government, and the sword of the one will not be raised against the fallen and the helpless, nor the gold of the other be paid for the scalps of a massacred enemy."

himself. If they did not afford a justification, he would next enq ire if there were any other principles u horizing their execution; and he would in the thi d place, make some observations upon the mode of proceeding.