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Jaid before the president a long and very interest ing report upon the subject of his late mission to the Rio de La Plata, accompanied by a very able note advocating the justice and expediency of acknowledging the independence of the United Provinces of La Plata. In adopting this manly course Mr. Rodney has realized the expectations of his friends, and met the wishes of a large majority of the nation. He now stands before the country as an open, honorable and consistent statesman, and a firm, undeviating advocate of the rights of man. -Disdaining to 'palter in a double sense,' when great and important interests are at stake, he has advocated, with sincerity, a measure sanctioned by the dictates of his judgment and the feelings of his heart. In so doing we repeat our belief, that he will be supported by the suffrages of the nation, whose generous feeling in favor of the patriot cause, will derive additional force from the sanction conferred upon it by the able report to which we have referred.

[We have reason to believe that Mr. Rodney has not offered any opinion as to the expediency of acknowledging the independence of Buenos Ayres.]

ED. REG.

S. infantry. Major Pentland entered the service
at the commencement of the late war with the
rank of captain, and during its continuance reaped
a full share ofits dangers and vicissitudes. He was
at the taking of York and Fort George, and served
in the memorable expedition down the St. Law
rence. In the arduous campaign. of 1814, he was
one of the gallant band who formed the brigade of
gen. Scott; and at the battle of Bridgewater, he led
the advanced guard. On that glorious, though fatal
night, he received two balls, by which his right leg
and arm were broken, and when our army retired,
being left on the field, was taken by the enemy.
After the amputation of his leg, and after having
encountered a variety of suffering, with a fortitude
which attracted applause, even from his enemies,
capt. Pentland returned home on parole, and short-
ly after was rewarded for his gallantry with the
brevet rank of major.-His amputated limb never
healed, and finally caused his death.
Extract of a letter received at New Orleans, dried
Natchitoches, Sept. 30.

"Last evening there arrived at this place an express from Nacogdoches, giving intelligence of there having set out from St Antoine, twenty five Wheat from Chili.-We understand that judge days ago, two hundred Spaniards, with three pieBland has brought from Chili, amongst other pro-ces of artillery, to break up the establishment made ductions, some peculiar to that country-a small at Galvezton, and destroy the works erected by quantity of wheat, which has been distributed for Gen. Lallemand. Their orders are to proceed as experiment, amongst gentlemen of agricultural far as Nacogdoches, and to destroy the settlements taste and observation. made in that quarter, and route a number of tra Chili is said to be the finest wheat country in the ders dispersed through the province. It is gene. world; producing the finest grain, and the greatest rally expected that they will come on to the Pio yield. That brought by judge Bland, we are told, Honda, if not opposed. There are a number of is very white, and is somewhat shorter, rounder and men collected here, consisting of Americans and fuller in the grain than ours usually is. Those gen-refugee Spaniards, who are equipping to proceed tlemen to whom it has been distributed, would do well to be particular in noting the time of sowing, the space of ground, and the quantity produced. It has been observed of animals, perhaps more particularly horses, and grain that one improves, while the other deteriorates, in being transplanted from the southward to the northward-and vice versa.-Maryland Censor.

The late Mrs. Adams. We copy the following obituary notice of Mrs. Adams, the worthy consort of president Adams, from the Essex Register.

immediately to oppose them.""

Milledgeville, Oct. 23. We have intelligence from the Florida posts on the east of Appalachicola, in the occupancy of our troops, to the 5th inst.The hostile Indians, amounting, it was supposed, to about 1000 warriors, who had not come in, were in a state of starvation: many had died of hunger-A woman arived at St. Marks the first of this month, with intimations from some of the principal out. lying chiefs, of a wish to surrender, provided their lives were spared, and the little remaining property they had left, of which the friendly Indians are inclined to rifle them, should be secured. These dispositions have been humanely encouraged by the commanding officer of the post; and little doubt is entertained but there will soon be a final termin nation of the Seminolian war, which has existed on our borders, and with many acts of cruelty, for nearly two years past. Gen. Gaines has transferred his head quarters from Fort Hawkins to St. Mary's.

VIRGINIA BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS.

Madam Adams was a daughter of the rev. Wm. Smith, of Weymouth, then in the county of Suffolk, who died in 1784. He was a gentleman in his manners, and of reputation in his profession. While Mr. Adams was in public life, his domestic life was a theme of congratulation to his friends, and not unknown in the history of his administration. Madam Adams was an affectionate, but firm woman. Acquainted with the economy and duties of a pri vate condition, and not unequal to the care and dignity of the highest honors. Our public honors are possessed by her posterity.-She was possessed of the history of our country, and the great occur rences in it. She had a distinct view of public men and measures, and had her own judgment upon them, which she was free to disclose to her friends, but not eager to defend in public circles. She had Whole amount of the fund, $1,462,140 61. All the vigor of a firm constitution, and seemed de which is now vested in bank stocks, except about signed for great old age. She was in appearance 125,000 dollars laid out in subscriptions to sundry of middle size, and preserved the dress of the ma canals, roads, &c. The product of all which during trons of New England. The worthy president al the last year amounted to $118,810 75. The di ways appeared as the friend, who had lived him-vidends for the present year are estimated at 125,self into one with the wife of his bosom. The loss is the greatest that can be felt in his old age. Died, at Pittsburg, on the 17th Sept. last, brevet-major John Pentland, late of the 22d regt. U.

The Richmond Enquirer publishes a statement of the fund for internal improvements, under direction of the board of public works in the state of Virginia. The following brief abstract may suffice for general purposes:

411 49; of which 54,166 65 are appropriated for instalments coming due for sundry internal improve ments, leaving $80,637 40, at the disposal of the board.

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NEW SERIES. No. 13-VOL. III] BALTIMORE, NOV. 21, 1818. [No. 13-VOL. XX WB377 UNIVERSITY

more, and referring to the editor of the Register,

says

IMPORTED GOODS. It was only a few days since, though we had industriously sought for it, that we "This section of the country has suffered much could obtain the last official account published of from banks-no less than four have existed in our the "importations of the United States"-which is, little village of only about 4000 inhabitants-but for the year ending Sept. 30, 1816; and consider we rejoice that the law has taken hold of one of ing it, in many respects, as a very important docu- them; another is about to be withdrawn; and we ment, we have hastened to present its aggregate therefore anticipate the happy period when we statement, as being amply sufficient all for ordinary shall have only two more than we stand in need of!" purposes. To this, by the generous aid of a mer- A member of congress, writing to his friend in Balt cantile friend, we have the pleasure to add a very interesting estimate of the value of the articles imported (not given in the official publication) to"Can you or he tell me how we are to reform the gether with a summary statement of their actual cost to the people of the United States. We ven- out rode the credit of the paper I started with currency of the country, I mean the rag currency. tuse to say that this estimate and summary are as and had to turn broker, and exchanged it with tra nearly correct as they can be-for the gentleman vellers going westward-for paper on banks situat did not depend only, upon his own clear recollec-ed to the eastward, the credit of which they had tions of facts, but also referred to many prices also out-rode." current of the year before he put down the average value of any article given. We therefore, assume The message of the president is a very plain the whole as data that may be relied upon.-On this important subject, an essay of considerable state paper-and every one will be able to understand it-without comment. It leads us to expect length is prepared for the press, but which of necessity, with a great quantity of other matter, is post-serted in the REGISTER with all the possible despatch many highly important documents, which shall be inponed till next week-when we shall publish a sup that can be attached to a weekly period of publicaplementary sheet to keep pace with the multiplication of tion. And as those things are of the first interest our materials. We have yet much to say on bank to the people, they shall be preferred to every thing ing-which, we learn from many quarters, is com

mitting dreadful ravages on the people. But there else, until they are disposed of.

is good reason to believe that caution is beginning to be esteemed as the parent of security.

To postmasters. The editor of the WEEKLY REGISTER gratefully acknowledges occasional noExtract of a letter from a gentleman who had remit- tices from postmasters, of some of his papers not ted to the editor a bill of the "Independent manufac-being taken out of their offices, in consequence of the decease or removal of persons to whom they turing company of Baltimore."

information:

"I am exceedingly sorry that I happened to remit were addressed. We again insert the directions of to you a note of "uo value." It had all the exteriors the postmaster general on this subject to remind of genuineness about it-"fine rags," a pretty pic-any, if any there be, that it is as well an act of ture, the usual quantity of officers who could write duty as of courtesy, to give editors of papers such their names in a passable band-with "chartered by the state of Maryland," proudly displayed on a flag-staff. In a word, as much of a specie paying appearance as any of its kindred, and would be as likely to pass through the world as creditably as any rag amongst them, but for such ill-fated wights as yourself, who have croaked evil of them for the last twelve months. I wonder that they have not an instinctive dread of you!"

[A vast number of counterfeit or fictitious notes are spread through the United States-they are chiefly circulated by travelling merchants from the eastward, that trade in any thing; who have been seen frequently in this city to barter their goods for paper having the appearance of bank-bills, but known to them to be of "no value;" and this kind of traffic constitutes a very profitable part of their business. In times so prodigal of crime as to money-making, as the present, the only safety of the people, who do not handle many bank-notes-is, peremptorily to refuse every one that they do not know to be genuine, if offered by an irresponsible person.]

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GENERAL POST-OFFICE, NOV. 16, 1816. whenever a person, to whom a newspaper is adThe several postmasters are hereby required, advise the editor of the paper thereof; and to add, dressed, ceases to take it out of the post-office, to if known, whether the person is dead, moved away, or merely refuses. The mail is burthened with many newspapers, which are a loss to the proprie tors, as well as the public.

R. J. MEIGS, jun.
Post Master General.

While on this subject we may express our astonishment at the late uncommonly frequent interceptions, or interruptions of the REGISTER, when passing to those for whom it is destined; and will sincerely thank any one that can give us a clue to discover its cause. We have also to regret, that although our paper is packed with its usual carein a better manner, perhaps, than any other in the United States, that is latterly much damaged in the mail-several times even between Baltimore anı! New York. Having been generally, as well served in this important concern as we could have expected, we inust confess we do not understan.! why so many just complaints should at this time exist. We are sure that the fault does not he in the post-office here.

Letters from South America.

BY H. M BRACKENRIDGE.

Buenos Ayres.

portant improvements, that have been introduced within a few years past, were pointed out to me. I should like to see, however, some trouble bestowed in cleaning those streets that are paved, and in pav. ing the rest; as well as in freeing the fronts of their houses from the quantity of dust collected where. ver it can find a resting place.

But it is time to speak of the inhabitants of the city, and of the people who frequent it. And here, whether illusion, or reality. I shall not take upon me to say, but certain it is, I had not walked far, before I felt myself IN A LAND OF FREEDOM There was an independence, and ingenuousness in the carriage, and an expression in the countenances of those I met, which reminded me of my own country; an air of freedom breathed about them, which I shall not attempt to describe. All I can say, is, that I felt the force of that beautiful thought of Moore, in his Lalla Rookh;

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--who, with heart and eyes
Could walk where liberty had been, nor see
The shining foot prints of her deity;
Nor feel those god-like breathings in the air,
Which mutely told her spirit had been there?"

I had no sooner been comfortably settled in my Jodgings, than I felt impatient to take a stroll through the town. The streets are straight, and regular, like those of Montevideo, a few of them are paved, but hollow in the middle. The houses are pretty generally two stories high, with flat roofs, and for the most part, plaistered on the out side; which, without doubt, at first, improved their ap pearance, but by time and neglect, they have become somewhat shabby. There are no elegant rows of buildings as in Philadelphia, or New York, but many are spacious, and all take up much more ground than with us. The reason of this, is, that they have large open courts or varandas both in front and rear, which are called patios. These patios, are not unlike our yards enclosed by a wall or railing; their dwellings for the most part, properly. compose three connected buildings, forming as many sides of a square; the wall of the adjoining house making up the fourth. In the centre of the font building there is a gate-way, and the rooms on either hand as we enter, are in general, occu pied as places of business, or merchants' compting I saw nothing but the plainness and simplicity of rooms; the rear building, is usually the dining of republicanism; in the streets there were none but room, while that on the left, or the right, (as it may plain citizens, and citizen soldiers; some of the happen,) is the sitting room or parlor. The patio, latter, perhaps, shewing a little of the coxcomb, is usually paved with brick, and sometimes with and others exhibiting rather a militia appearance, not marble, and is a cool and delightful place. Grape the less agreeable to me on that account. In fact, I vines are planted round the walls, and at this sea could almost have fancied myself in one of our own son, are loaded with their fruit. The houses have towns, judging by the dress and appearance of the as little wood as possible about them; both the people whom I met. Nothing can be more differfirst and second floor, having brick pavements;ent than the population of this place, from that of fire engines are therefore unknown, together with that uneasiness from this angry element when once master, so much felt in our cities. There are no chimmies, but those of kitchens. At all the windows there is a light iron gratng, which projects about one foot; probably a remnant of Spanish jealousy. The compactness of the town, the flatness of the roofs, the incombustibility of the houses, the open court yards which resemble the area of forts, and the iron gratings, constitute a complete fortification, and I do no know a worse situation in which an enemy could be than in one of these streets. It is not surprising that a city so well fortified,should have so effè cically resisted the army of twelve thousand men under gen, Whitelock. The only mode by which it could be assailed, would be by first obtaining a complete command of the country around it, and of the river in front. This would require a greater effort than Spain can make, even if she were to abandon all her other colonies, and unite for the special purpose, all the forces she is able to spare out of her Spanish

dominions.

Rio. I saw no one bearing the insignia of nobility, except an old crazy man, followed by a train of rogueish boys. There were no palanquins, or rattling equipages; in these matters there was much less luxury and splendor, than with us. The females, instead of being immured by jealousy, are permitted to walk abroad and breathe the air. The supreme director, has no grooms, gentlemen of the bed cliamber, nor any of the train which appertairs to royalty, nor has his wife any maids of honor; his household is much more plain than most of the pri Vate gentlemen of fortune in our own country; it is true, when he rides out to his country seat, thirty miles off, he is accompanied by half a dozen horsemen, perhaps a necessary precaution considering the times, and which may be dispensed with on the return of peace; or perhaps, a remnant of anti-republican barbarity which will be purged away by the sun of a more enlightened age; indeed, I am. informed, that the present director, lives in a style of much greater simplicity than any of his prede

cessors.

But little attention is paid the cleanliness of the If I was to stop here, however, I should not give streets; in one of the front streets, where there was a faithful picture of the appearance to a stranger, no pavement, I observed several deep mud holes; of the population of Buenos Ayres; the mixture of into these, dead cats and dogs are sometimes negroes and mulattoes, is by no means remarkable, thrown, from too much indolence to carry them not as great, perhaps, as in Baltimore, and the pro out of the way. The side walks are very narrow portion of military, such as we might have seen in and in bad repair; this is better than at Rio Janiero, one of our towns during the last war, with the ex where there are none at all. I observed however, as Iception of the black troops, which in this city con went along, a number of convicts as I took them to be, stitute a principal part of the regular force. But engaged in mending the bad places already mention there are other figures which enter into the pic. ed. In these particulars, I was very much remind-ture, and gives a different cast to the whole from ed of New Orleans; in fact, in many other points, I any thing I have seen. The modern European and observed a striking resemblance between the two North American population, and I will add South chies. I can say but little for the police, when com-American, which differs but little from the others, pared to our towns; but this place, manifests a still was set off by a strange mixture of antiquity, and abo greater superiority over Rio Janiero, and many im. Iriginal rudeness. Buenos Ayres may very justly be

compared to the bust of a beautiful female, placed gauchos; though they form a very considerable proupon a pedestal of rude unshapen stone. Great portion. There is nothing in which travellers err numbers of gauchos, and other country people, are so much, as in making their observations too gene. seen in the streets, and always on horse-back; and|ral; and what is strange and new to us, is very apt as there prevails a universal passion for riding, the by engrossing too much our attention, to deceive number of horses is very great. The European us into a belief that it constitutes the sole or prin mode of caparisoning, is occasionally seen, but | cipal characteristic of a country-witness the story most usually the bridle, saddle, &c. would be re- of the red-haired people of a certain province in garded as curiosities by us. The stirrups of the France. guichos, are so small, as to admit little more than The freedom of foreign intercourse, with the inthe big toe of the rider, who makes a very grot- troduction of foreign goods at low prices, and the tesque figure with his long flowing poncho. This is augmented price in the produce of the country, I a kind of striped cotton, or woolen rug, of the have no doubt, have already been productive of immanufacture of the country, fine or coarse, accord-portant effects on their character, and it is not iming to the purse of the wearer, with nothing but a possible, that in time, they may be made to dress slit in the middle, through which the head is thrust; and look like other christians. it hangs down perfectly loose, resembling some- Besides the clumsy carts of which I have before what, a waggoner's frock. In rain, it answers the spoken, and the class of people that I have just the purpose of a big-coat, and in hot weather, is described, my attention was much attracted by the placed on the saddle. It is also used for sleeping appeara ce of the great ox waggons, used in the on, as the indians do their blanket. It is possible trade with the interior. They are of an enormous after all, that this singularity of dress, may not size, and are the most clumsy contrivance imaginamake any great difference in the man. There is ble. Five or six of these in a line, are sometimes nothing remarkable in the complexion or features, seen groaning along the street, the wheels making excepting where there happens to be a little dash a noise, like the gates on their hinges of Milton's of the Indian. There is more of indolence, and va pandemonium. The waggoners use no tar to precancy, (if I may use the word) in the expression of vent them from making this harsh noise, as they their countenances, and an uncouth wildness in their say it is music to the oxen. These are in general, appearance; but it must be remembered, that we also uncommonly large, and the finest that I ever saw. of the north, are reproached by Europeans for our Their yokes, in proportion, are as ponderous as the carelessness of time, and our lazy habits. These gau- waggon, and in drawing nothing is used but the raw chos, I generally observed, clustered about the pul hide strongly twisted. In fact, this is the only perius, or grog shops, of which there are great num. kind of gears, or traces, used for all descriptions bers in the city and suburbs; these people frequently of carriages. To each of these enormous waggons drink and carouse on horse-back; while the horses there are generally at least three drivers. One sits of those that are dismounted, continue to stand still in the waggon, with a long rod or goad in his hand, without being fastened, as they are all taught to do, and above his head, suspended in slings, there is a and champing the bit. These carousing groups, bamboo or cane, at least thirty feet in length, as would afford excellent subjects for Flemish paint.supple as a fishing rod, so that it can occasionally ers. The horses though not of a large size, are all finely formed; I do not recollect a single instance, in which I did not remark good limbs, and head, and neck. The gauchos are often bare footed, and bare legged; or instead of boots, make use of the skin of the hind legs of the horse; the joint answer. ing the purpose of a heel, and furnishing a very cheap kind of Suwarrow.

be used to quicken the pace of the foremost pair of oxen, which are fastened to the first, by a long trace of twisted hide. The interval between the different pairs of oxen, is rendered necessary hy the difficulty of crossing small rivers, whose bottoms are bad, and which are subject to sudden rises. Another driver takes his seat on the joke, between the heads of the second pair of oxen, be

Be

I must refer you to Pike's journal of his touring also armed with a goud, with its point turned through New Spain, for a more particular account backwards; there was something exceedingly ludiof this class of people, who will probably long con- crious to me,in the appearance of this last; his bare, tinue to preserve their habits. It is really sur brawny legs dangling in the air, and nothing but a prising, how little difference there is in the cha-folded sheep skin to sit upon; yet content or rather racter and manners of the Spanish American pea inanity, was pictured in his countenance. santry, all over this vast continent, and resembling sides these two, there is a third on horseback, nothing that is to be seen in Europe. The Ameri-armed in the same manner. If such an exhibition can is a much more free, independent and proud were to pass through one of our streets with its spirited man. The facility of obtaining food has slow and solemn movement, and musical groanings, a vast influence on human character. I have be- I doubt not, but it would attract as much attention fore made the same remark of the French and Eng- as half a dozen elephants. lish. There certainly must be some cause to pro- As this is the fruit season, a great number of duce this similarity; whatever that may be, it has people were crying peaches up and down the street, escaped the notice of travellers. Humboldt, who but on horseback with large panniers made of the bas treated philosophically of the American cha-raw hides of oxen, on each side Milk in large tin racter, has not attempted an explanation of this cannisters, was cryed about in the same way, and phenomenon. Even our countrymen are distin-as they were carried in a tolerable trot, I expected guished here from the English by the natives, every moment to hear the cry changed to that of without being able to specify in what the difference consists. But I have been giving yon a picture of Buenos Ayres; I must, therefore, wave these speeulations for some other opportunity. I must, however, caution you, not to take up an idea, that all the inhabitants of the country, are similar to these that I have been describing under the name of

bunter. As I moved along towards the great square, a part of which is the principal market place (immediately in front of the castle, or government house) there appeared to be a great throng of people. I met some priests and friars, but by no means as many as I expected, and nothing like the number I met at Rio Janeire. There are per

haps, fewer monasteries, and convents in Buenos there is a very fine edifice called the Cabildo, or Ayres than in any Spanish town in the world. But town house, somewhat resembling that of New Oras things are very much judged of by comparison,leans, but much larger. In this building, the courts it is highly probable that if I had not touched at hold their sessions, and the offices are kept. The the place before mentioned, and had come chrectly city council, or cabildo, also sit here, and business here from one of our cities, I should have considered of all kinds relating to the police, is here transactthe number of the regular and secular clergy, very ed. Near the centre of the square, a neat pyramid considerable. It must be constantly kept in view, has been erected, commemorative of the revolution, that in order to judge of these people fairly, we with four emblematic figures, one at each corner, are to compare them with Spanish or Portuguese, representing justice, science, liberty and America; and look at what they have been, not to the state of the whole enclosed with a light railing. things in the United States. The dress of the seculars when in their cannonicals, is like that of the perambulation through the city, are all on a very The shops, or stores, as far as I observe l, in my episcopal clergy, except that they wear a broad small scale, and make no shew as in our towns. quaker hat. The monks and friars are easily distin-There are but few signs, and those belong chiefly guished by their babit of coarse cloth or flannel,girto foreigners; such as sastre, batero, sapatero, &c.de round the waist, and with a cowl or hood behind. Londres; taylor,bootmaker,shoemaker from London. In speaking of the catholic clergy, we who know The greater part of the trades which are now little about them, are very much in the habit of con- flourishing here, particularly hatters, black smiths, founding these two classes. They are very differ and many others that I might enumerate, have been eat, both in character and appearance. The secu-established since the revolution; the journeymen lars are necessarily men of education, and living mechanics are chiefly half Indians and mulattoes. and mingling in society, participate in the feelings The wages of an American, or English journeyman, of the people, and cannot avoid taking part in tem- are higher than in any part of the world: fifteen poral affairs. The monks on the contrary, are grehundred, or two thousand dollars, per annum, I am garious, not dispersed through the society, but shut up in their convents and monasteries, and pot permitted to mingle in the affairs of the world. From the first it is natural to expect liberality and intelligence, as well as from other christian clergy; but in the latter, it would not be surprising, to find superstition and ignorance.

told are very commonly given. There are other mentioned, in which markets are held. There are squares through the town, besides the one already also large yards, or corrals, which belong to the city, and are hired to individuals for the purpose of confining droves of cattle. I observed several large wood yards, in which there were immense On approaching the market place, as it was still piles of peach limbs, tied into bundles or faggots, early in the day, I found that the crowd had not en-together with timber and firewood brought from tirely dispersed. There is no market house, or Paraguay or the Brazils. stalls, except in the meat market, situated on one corner of the square which fronts on the plaza. In receding from the river towards the country, Every thing offered for sale, was spread on the the streets wear a much more mean appearance; ground. I can say but little in favor of the ap-being very dirty, and apparently much neglected, pearance of cleanliness; dirt and filth, appeared to while the houses seldom exceed one story in have a prescriptive right here. One, who had never height, and built of brick scarcely half burnt. In seen any other than a Philadelphia market, can walking from the front streets, we seemed to be form no idea of the condition of this place. To transferred at once, to some half civilized village, make ainends, it is admirably supplied with all a thousand miles in the interior. Every where in the necessaries, and delicacies, that an abundant the skirts of the town, much of the Indian race is, and fruitful country can afford. Beef, mutton, visible, generally a very poor, harmless and indofoule, game, &c. with a variety of excellent fish,lent people. They commonly speak nothing but were here in great plenty, and for prices, which in Spanish, and but for their complexion, and inaniour markets would be considered very low. Beef mate countenances, they could not be distinguishparticularly, is exceedingly cheap and of a superied from the lower orders of the Spanish Americans, or quality; it is the universal dish; chiefly roasted. such as the laborers, carters, countrymen, gauchos, Absolute want, is scarcely known in this country, &c. It would be worth enquiring into the cause, any more than with us.-As 1 passed by the huck. why none of the aboriginies are found in this mansters stalls, they presented a much richer display, ner near any of our towns, which possess the poputhan any I had been accustomed to see. Here, aplation and opulence of Buenos Ayres. It surely ples, grapes, oranges, pomegranates, peaches, figs, does not arise from their having been treated with pine-apples, water-melons, were mingled in fair more kindness here, or more pains having been profusion. taken in their civilization; or because the nations in the vicinity were more numerous. I am inclined The plaza, or great square, is at least twice as to attribute it to two causes; the first is, that the large as the state bouse yard in Philadelphia, and early settlers on this river were soldiers, and havis unequally divided into two parts, by an edifice, ing few Spanish women with them, they were com long and low, which serves as a kind of bazaar, or pelled like the Romans, to procure wives from their place of shops, with a corridor on each side the neighbors, which laid the groundwork for a more whole length, which often serves as a shelter for friendly intercourse between them and the natives; the masset people. At these shops, or stores, and this continued, even after the flourishing state which are pretty well supplied, they can make their of the colony enticed emigrants of both sexes from purchases, without the trouble of wandering old Spain. Or it may be that those Indians are of a less through the town. The space between this and wild and untaiable character, than those of North the fort, is that appropriated for the market. The America. But the principal reason, is the number of opposite side, which is much larger, is a kind of Indians that have found their way hither, from the place d'arias; and fronting the building just spomissions of Paraguay since the expulsion of the ken of, and which intercepts the view of the fort, Jesuits, and also from the provinces of Peru, where

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