The reader will please to remark that in both of us as to the manner in which it should operate. The these quotations, the "remainder" or "residue" of common sense of every liberal minded republican the Louisiana stock is spoken of; and again, the se-leads to one general result; yet the practice, in cretary, in his report of 1st Dec. 1820, speaks of many cases, laughs common sense to scorn and the above sum as given in the report of the com- tramples under foot the most precious gift of God, mittee, as the "residue" of that stock-from which it appeared evident that that item contained the whole balance due on account of the purchase of Louisiana, and that it was estimated to be totally redeemed or reimbursed in 1820. The report of the commissioners of the sinking fund above referred to, has the following state ment "of the application in 1820 of the funds provided for the payment of the principal and interest of the public debt," signed "Joseph Nourse, regis. ter," and dated Feb. 1, 1821. [We shall abbreviate the specifications of the items for conveniencesake, but carefully retain their several amounts.] On account of the principal. Deferred stock Redemption of Louisiana stock 503,196 94 100,000 00 56 75 (a) 1,785,662 04 124 08 1,150,468 32 1,678 43 To replace funds, &c. in the right of self government. What hypocrites are we, to ensure and rail at England, for her manner of electing members of the house of commons, while several of our states have their legislative power constituted on the same principle, and which,in time, may become the same in practice, by changes in the state of population, without changes in their political constitutions! Old Sarum, which now has not one resident elector, though it sends two members to parliament, once was a place of some consequence-it has gone to decay; a single house remains to point the spot whereon the borough stands! Thus also, certain counties that I could name, in some parts of the United States, are passing to decay--large tracts of country that were cultivated a century ago, are now covered with new growths of stunted timber, the haunt of the deer and other timid animals of the forest. The people have mostly departed for new and better 3,541,186 56 lands-yet the power of representation remains; and it may easily happen. if this course of things is continued, that one freeholder may possess the soil of several counties, and, like an English lord, 5,024,787 57elect 4, 6, 8 or 10 of his creatures to a state legis. lature, to make laws for freemen. Dollars, 8,565,974 13 (a) Amount of claims to be applied for 31st Dec. 1819 1,646,117 42 Residue payable 21st Oct. 1820 2,216,462 77 3,862.580 19 1,785,662 04 Payments in 1820, as above Claims to be applied for 1st Jan. 1821 Dolls. 2,076,918 15 Three or four of the old states are governed on this outrageous plan-Maryland and Virginia, and especially the latter, stand conspicuous for such violations of every thing that is honest, every thing that is just. In Maryland, the nice balance of po. litical parties (according to the present manner in From the preceding it appears, that the amount which power is derived), and the dirty struggles of principal that was payable on the Louisiana between the inns and outs, seems to swallow up stock, and all which should have been redeemed in the reason of the matter, and prevent a reforma1820, was 3,862,580 19, instead of 2,216,462 77, as tion which every man admits ought to take place: theretofore stated;—that we yet owe 2,076,918 15 the sense of honor and a love of justice is sacrificed on account of the principal of that stock, for which, to a possession of party-power-to put into or put because he was not pressed for the payment, the out of office a few insignificant individuals;-for secretary in the supplement to his last treasury re-this (say what any one can) is the real amount of port, compliments the holders for their "forbear. ance;" and that, if the debts had been paid as it was estimated that they would be paid, as well by the secretary in his report of 1819, and in the report of the committee of ways and means on the service of the year 1820, there would not have been any surplus of the sinking fund in that year, though estimated by one at 2,500,000 and by the other at the precise amount of $2,288,497 29. the present political contests in Maryland: neither party is disposed fairly to bring about a representation of the PEOPLE, or even a representation of property-a representation of any thing else than certain districts of country, no matter whether inhabited by men or oppossums. Some, no doubt, will be angry with these rude expressions, but "the mischief is" that they are true; that both parties have had the power and yet suffered the outrage I am not certain that I understand these things, to exist unregarded. In Virginia, though the prin but humbly think that, from the attention which I ciple is the same, the result is much more objec have paid to such matters, I ought to be able to tionable than it is in Maryland, on account of the understand them-that every man of ordinary in- greater changes that have taken place in the relatelligence should be able to comprehend any state-tive population and wealth of counties, and so it now ment issued by his government; for all such state-is, that one man in certain of the counties, has as ments are presumed to be for the public informa- much weight in representation as twenty or thirty, tion. But I most heartily wish that the Louisiana in another; and so also in regard to wealth and exdebt was out of the way, by some means or other; it is presented to us in so many shapes that we cannot tell what it is-like an evil spirit condemned to wander a-while on the earth, it eludes the grasp, and seems to throw every thing into confusion. We might say to it, "alas, poor ghost"" except that we know there is too much reality in it. tent:-for every rule that can be regarded as partaking of a solvent character, is given up to the "Old Sarum"-principle-or, in other words, "once a captain always a captain." The thing was started wrong; and it seems as if the people of Virginia thought there was a merit in continuing in the wrong! Yet they have taken a lead in our political affairs, are the most strenuous supporters of state REPRESENTATION. One would think that in this rights, and seem most to regard the sovereignty of enlightened day, and particularly in the United the people! I do not say these things disrespect States, after so long an application of the represen-fully; on most occasions, my politics have sided tative principle of the management of the national with those of Virginia-I have admired and almost concerns, there could not be much difference among revered many of her great men,—but reformation weight of thirty in another, one in a third might as well have the weight of all the men in a fourth, and so on until all the people, save one, should arrive at the blessed estate of Russian peasants; that one being the autocrat of millions of others, all of whom might be as good and probably better men than the one, impiously claiming a divine right to do wrong things. All the new states we believe (as well as many of the old ones) have provided against the prevalence of this despotism, by having a regard to the the population-and they prosper by it; for they are drawing into them the physical force of the nation; and will possess its wealth in due season. In this respect as well as in others, the census just taken, when its result is known, will teach us a useful lesson. at home is the best evidence of a love for the principles which we contend for abroad, and he who cannot manage his own household is not the fittest person in the world to take care of the concerns of others. She has not even the paltry excuse that is urged in Maryland for the continuance of those absurd parts of her constitution which we reprehend, and which is productive of such enormous injuries to the state. There is nothing that can be urged in favor of perseverance in a practice so insulting to the dignity of human nature-a practice as intollerant as any of the acts passed by the par-natural equation of power in a free state, which is liament of Great Britain, which united America resisted-taxation without representation,' which should be resisted by every honorable man. But Maryland and Virginia, though they agree in principle as to the formation of their legislative and executive authorities, are on the opposite extremes as to the way in which that principle shall We were led again to this subject by noticing a be brought into action. In the former, every man warm discussion that is going on in Massachusetts, may vote who has, (or says that he has resided in as to the adoption of the lately proposed amendthe state or county such a length of time, if a citi-ments to the constitution, in regard to the election zen; and, as in Baltimore, where the places for vot-of members of the senate. The scale adopted by ing are adjacent, he may vote half a dozen times or the convention is called “absolutely arbitrary, and more (if he is determined to carry his point), as strictly conformable to no principle whatever," many have done; for we have nothing that partakes and so it seems that it is. The design appears to of even the character of a register of voters-not have been to settle the apportionment of the memany thing to serve as a check upon the unprinci-bers of this branch of the legislature according to pled: and he who can gain the most of such to his property "liable to be taxed," not such as is taxed, side has the best chance of being elected, when a and without regard to population: and hence it brisk opposition exists and the passions are excited. appears that Suffolk county [or Boston] according On the other hand, none but freeholders vote in to population would have three senators, according Virginia, and none but freeholders ought to fight to property liable to be taxed "mine”—but the num or pay taxes. But, be the requisition to possess ber is fixed at six: a queer sort of a "compromise,” the right of suffrage what it may, it should be so being neither one thing nor another. But even as guarded that it cannot be abused-and the voter, it is, it is apparent that one man in Suffolk has from in one county or district, ought to have the same 1 and 4-5ths to 3 and 1-3d the power of another man influence as a voter in another. And even if a re-in the rest of the counties of the state! It is an gard to population is waived, and respect is had to oddity to come out at this day. The amendments wealth only, the counties should be represented however, are not yet ratified, and we hope that according to the several amounts which they they will not be. It is bad enough to bear with pay into the state treasury, either by direct or indi-old absurdities, but the height of folly create new rect taxation. "Equality is equity, conformity is onest justice," and there cannot be either equity or jus tice, when neither population or wealth, severally †The emperor of Austria's ideas about old things or jointly, are regarded in a delegation of the power-such even as causing horses to draw the plough to make laws. All laws so made are repugnant to all the principles that appertain to the rights of man. with their tails, because that was the old way, as I have heard it said that it was, in Ireland!-are happily given to us in the following article from Such I take to be the doctrines of the "old a late London paper. The people of Maryland school" of republicanism; so self-evidently correct, and Virginia will laugh at "his imperial majesty's" that, though some may not be pleased with them, notions--but before they laugh let them look at none will venture at a refutation of them. They home, and "take the beam out of their own eye." are not even disputed in the British parliament- London, Feb. 15. We have received Paris påyet "but" and "but” and “but” prevents their adop-pers of Monday last, but they remove in no respect tion. The free states of America should kick all the uncertainty which still prevails respecting the such "bus" to the dogs. We have no kings to up-advance of the Austrian army in Italy.-Some exhold, and shall not endanger "the throne by acting tracts of private letters will be found under the honestly!«TRUTH IS-TRUTH”—and is best understood when it is spoken plainly. If the practice which I have reprobated will hold good, it cannot have a limit-"if it will go an inch it will go a mile," -if a man, in one county, ought to have the *It is my deliberate opinion, that that man is a slave who performs military duty or pays taxes for the support of a government in which his voice is not heard. An adherence to this doctrine caused the American revolution. The congress of '76 were right or they were wrong. The declaration of independence has been called a "wicked thing," but I neveryet have thought that it was so, nor do I think that I ever shall-so I may be a "rebel" to the end of my life. head of Paris papers; one of which from Laybach, contains a singular specimen of the sentiments, political and social, which are entertained and avowed by the emperor of Austria. His majesty it seems, was waited on by the professors of the Lyceum, or college of Laybach, but instead of commending their advancement in literature, or observing upon the happy influence which the promotion and extension of learning must exercise upon the well being of society, this enlightened monarch referred them to "the times that are gone" for examples to regulate their conduct. He cautions them against embracing any ideas that bear the mark of novelty, and that are not sanctioned by the venerable rust of antiquity. "Stick to what is old," says this wise emperor, "whatever We most earnestly wish that the state of Vir-seminate the scriptures in the South-sca islands, &c. ginia would give us some practical proofs of that when we are infested with wretches playing on republican spirit and vigilance that she so much our charity for the relief of christian slaves in Algiers, boasts of. She has many old and pernicious ha to repair damages occasioned by an overflowing of bits to retire from. The weight of population and the Rhine,† and build churches, for what I know, on wealth in this state, has completely shifted its the eternally snow-capt summit of Caucasus &c.-ground since her constitution was formed; and the while we feel ready to give money to relieve the right of suffrage is every day becoming less and distresses of those lately burnt out in the moon, less equal even among those who may exercise it, by the bursting of a volcano recently discovered much more so as to those who ought to possess it. therein, provided a good story could be told us as We have all been indebted to her for the many how the news of such distress could be received great men and wise counsels which she has given here, and as how the offerings of our credulity [the to the nation-but this blot upon her has always gifts of lunarians to the Lunarians] were to be reduced her in the public estimation, as well as transmitted there, the following brief account of materially retarded her advances to population and the progress of improvement among the Cherokee power. Free white laborers will not locate them- Indians, must afford great pleasure to the really selves willingly where they are not deemed to be charitable heart. It is not the business of these wor citizens; and it is in these, and out of these, that thy people, who have taken up their abode in the there is strength and the means of bringing it into wilderness, to "spy out the nakedness of the land" action: yes-and perhaps the body of useful com- and point the path by which the destroyer shall mon sense, which is better than fine speeches, advance on his prey: but, influenced by the spirit elegant essays or able reports. A person who once of truth, they TEACH the gospel instead of preaching made a dashing speech in the British parliament, it, and exhibit its benefits in a harmless life devotwas completely put down by the remark of an op-ed to good works-inviting the poor Indian to ciponent--who simply stated, that what that man had vilization, as the only means of preserving his said he would do. race from annihilation, and of preparing him for an adoption into the great American family, on an equal footing with his white brethren, in due season. These excellent people are quietly proceeding in their work; content in their honest endeavors and regardless of fame; and appear to have "began their business at the right end." Their While our country is inundated with societies, schools have long been highly spoken of, and the based on the best affections of the heart and aim- proof of the advantages of them is in the fact, that ing at the most sublime results to do good to foreign-the Cherokees (resident east of the Mississippi) ers-to send out missions to the East Indies, to dis-are remarkable for civil improvement and domes. tic virtue. OUR OWN FAMILY. "He that does not provide for his own family is worse than an infidel." The truth of this saying comes directly to the senses, and he must be a bad member of society, indeed, who does not feel and acknowledge it. is old is good, so our ancestors found it, and why It has always been our earnest desire that some, should not we?" He further assured them, that even one, of the Indian tribes should be won to an with learning they had no concern whatever; for, incorporation with the nation, for the sake of hu. exclaimed this monarch, "I want not learned men, manity-for the honor of our country. We know I want only good subjects." In fine, he concluded that there is an honest zeal existing to ameliorate his gracious address to these instructors of youth, their condition and confer upon them some of the that if he found any of them presuming to enter-advantages of civilization, to lessen the misery tain a novel opinion, he should certainly send him packing. We entreat the particular attention of our readers to this precious morceau-it will throw a light clear and satisfactory upon the pretensions of this emperor and his allies to control the destinies of many millions of their fellow creatures, not only among their subjects, but among people whom Providence had in its mercy preserved from such rulers. which the approaches of a white population heaps upon them-that such is the desire of the government and earnest wish of thousands of philanthro pic individuals; but the wishes and the labors of both have been generally defeated by the intrigues and crimes of base men seeking an unfair and order to congratulate him and solicit his protection; when he returned for answer that they might freely profess their own religion within his territories and preach as they pleased; but if any Birmans quitted the religion of the country to join them, he would decapitate the apostates." *The bible is too often used in the East Indies as the precursor of the sword. It has more or less been the practice of all the nations who have had much to do with the desolation of India, to send out priests as spies-the word of life on their lips In the 19th, or last volume of the REGISTER, and the dagger concealed in their bosoms! I re- page 210, we inserted a notice from the mayor of collect to have seen a letter from some canting Philadelphia, of the discovery of a nest of wretches scoundrel, who, after relating the kind manner in who, under pretence of redeeming captives in Alwhich he had been treated by the Indians, how at giers, building churches, &c. were swindling the tentively they listened to his discourses, &c. con- people out of their money, as charitable gifts for cluded with a description of the riches of the coun-such purposes. They were well furnished with try, saying it furnished "a fine field for his majesty's arms!"-that is, his Britannic majesty's. The British in India have been the immediate cause of the death of not less than fifty millions of the human race in fifty years; and a sense of this destruction probably led to the determination of one of the native princes, as thus given in a Calcutta paper of the 14th of July last "The missionaries at Ragoon, repaired to the capital on the accession of the present monarch, in various documents of their own manufacture. One of this nest, or at least a fellow engaged in the same business, has been caught in Indiana. He had a great variety of documents in blank, to fill up at his discretion, as he chose to assume a new character, and about three thousand dollars in good mo ney! He was permitted to pass after destroying his documents and papers, and compelling him to return the money which he had collected in the neighborhood. destructive trade with the Indians, to supply them should precede preaching, and, in handling these with rum in exchange for their skins and lands-to the means of comfort which the Great Spirit af keep them in the hunter-state, though that evident- flords, will be better illustrated to the Indians, ly leads to their utter extinction-if in the vicinity than by the most learned dissertations on texts of settlements of white people: but we want some- of scripture. Some attempts have been made in this thing, one solitary fact to point at, that will "tell way by the Quakers, and at Wapakanetta and other well in history," and shew the sincerity of our en-places, which have measurably succeeded, though deavors to do good to this injured people. Their much interrupted by intruding whites, who lead habits and manners, it must be admitted, renders the Indians astray. The establishment of schools the task exceedingly difficult- they cannot brooks of the highest importance-not schools to learn dictation or restraint, and must be delicately dealt reading and writing only, but to lead the boys to a with. Long accustomed to regard white men as love of farming, smithing, &c. and the girls to spinintruders upon them, and generally subjected to ning, knitting, sewing, &c. which we understand additional sufferings and privations as our settle. is the practice at Wapakanetta, Brainard, &c. If a ments extend, oftentimes cheated and basely de- regard for these things can be established in their ceived, it is difficult for them to apprehend that minds, and they once feel the advantages that result any person really comes among them disinterestrom a practice of them, all else that is needful will edly, for their good: and this is not to be wondered naturally follow. at, seeing that we find so few persons among our. Extract of a letter from a gentleman, one of the misselves that are truly capable of giving up their sion family at Brainard, in the Cherokee nation, to private interests to a performance of the virtues. his friend in the city of New London, dated JanuaSelf interest is our leading star, and even on the ry 18, 1821. very brink of the grave,we see that many are grasp-t "Our school continues to prosper-we have being at the goods of this world. Those then, who tween eighty and ninety fine children-they are are permitted to reside among the Indians with a improving as fast as could be expected-there is view to their improvement, should be of humble an increasing desire among the natives to have spirits, patient and forbearing-working persons, as their children educated-the nation is rapidly infarmers, smiths, carpenters, &c. thus making them-creasing in civilization-at their last council they selves useful and productive; not consumers of the divided their country into eight districts, appointed scanty supplies of the inhabitants of_the_woods.‡ circuit judges,sheriffs, constables and justices, and The axe and the plough, the hammer and the saw, laid a tax on the people to build a court house in each district. They begin to pay very considerable attention to cultivating their land-there are many good persons among them. The famous Seneca chief, Red Jacket, lately sent a letter, or talk, to governor Clinton, of New-York, complaining of many trespasses upon the Indians. Among other things he says- It no longer remains a doubt whether the Indians of America can be civilized-the Cherokees have "Our great father, the president, has recom-gone too far in the pleasant path of civilization to mended to our young men to be industrious, return to the rough and unbeaten track of savage to plough and to sow. This we have done, and life." we are thankful for the advice, and for the means he has afforded us of carrying it into effect.- CONGRESSIONAL APPLICANTS FOR OFFICE. The geWe are happier in consequence of it. But ano-neral understanding, and "what every body says ther thing recommended to us, has created great must be true," that upwards of sixty members of confusion among us, and is making us a quarrel- congress were on their knees before the president some and divided people; and that is the introduc- of the United States, humbly beseeching and detion of preachers into our nation. These black voutly praying that he would be graciously pleased coats contrive to get the consent of some of the to give some snug comfortable office to each of Indians to preach among us: and whenever this is them, in which they might enjoy the "blushing hothe case, confusion and disorder are sure to follow; nors" that they had so fairly earned in the national and the encroachments of the whites upon our legislature, has drawn forth the following welllands, are the invariable consequence. The gov-merited satire from the editor of the Baltimore ernor must not think hard of me speaking thus of the preachers. I have observed their progress, and when I look back to see what has taken place of old, I perceive that whenever they came among the Indians, they were the forerunners of their dispersion,that they always excited enmities and quarrels among them; that they introduced the white people on their lands, by whom they were robbed and plundered of their property; and that the InThat the subscribers anxious to participate in the dians were sure to dwindle and decrease, and be bounty of the executive, having a longing after driven back, in proportion to the number of preach-public honors, but much more for public emoluers that came among them. "Each nation has its own customs, and its own religion. The Indians have theirs, given to them by the Great Spirit, under which they were happy.It was not intended that they should embrace the religion of the whites, and be destroyed by the attempt to make them think differently on that subject, from their fathers. "It is true, these preachers have got the consent of some of the chiefs, to stay and to preach among us; but I and my friends know this to be wrong, and that they ought to be removed. Besides, we have "Morning Chronicle," in the shape of a memorial ments, undertook the trade of patriotism for that been threatened by Mr. Hyde, who came among us as school-master, and a teacher of our children, but has now become a black coat, and refuses to them any more, that unless we listen to his preaching, and become christians, we will be turned off our lands, and not allowed to plague us any more; we shall never be at peace while he is among us. "We are afraid too, that these preachers, by and by, will become poor, and force us to pay them for living among us." purpose; that they used every art commonly em- and that they had only to understand what you ployed by patriots, made stately and magnificent wished them to do and they would do it, notwithpromises to their constituents, represented the em- standing you did not countenance the driving of barrassed state of the country, the decline of com- such bargains or "log rollings"- -for they were merce, the languishing situation of agriculture, &c. anxious to get hold of the public money, seeing that and promised their fellow citizens full and ample the handling and the keeping of it were apparently redress if they were only elected to represent them becoming pretty nearly synonimous-in the grand councils of the nation; that their con- Your petitioner, very anxious to relieve you from stituents were weak enough to believe in the sin- such besettings for the future, respectfully requests cerity of their protestations, and did, accordingly, that you will cause your private secretary to furelect your petitioners their representatives. Now, nish him with a list of the names of all such appliyour petitioners would further state, that they know cants for office, together with such explanatory no other way of attracting executive notice or re-notes and memorandums as may fairly shew the gard, than by thus tampering with the honest cre- manner in which you were "bored" by them, and dulity of their fellow citizens. Thus far they have also the names of those members of congress who, successfully accomplished the object of their pat- more modestly, applied for offices for their sons, riotic exertions: fathers and brothers, that the people may have a complete view of the whole subject at once, and comprehend the disinterestedness of their representatives: and if such a list is furnished, your peti. tioner promises to publish and republish the same in the most beautifully manner possible, so that the illustrious applicants may descend to posterity for the admiration of ages! Your petitioner only begs leave to call your attention to one fact, to shew that he can and will perform the said printing and publication of the names, if a list is officially furnished which is, that his presses and types have been honestly paid for and ARE REALLY HIS OWN. The reprehension in the preceding, though "calculated for the meredian of Washington," as the almanac makers say, may serve just as well for like things occurring in the different states. The practice appears to be growing upon us, and the public safety requires that it should be severely lashed. They beg leave further to state, that if they are not considered at this time as objects of executive mercy, they are ruined-utterly ruined and undone. They cannot return to their constituents, for them they have betrayed; they will then be compelled th hear the reproaches of men, whom they have so grossly deceived, that they should lose all hopes of another election-they would suffer all the mortification of having labored so long in the drudgery of patriotism, and will be rewarded by the frown of contempt for their patriotic exertions. Your excellency knows, very well, that they have done, as legislators, nothing but to forfeit that confidence which has been so liberally imparted. Abandoned by their constituents, fast sinking into their native obscurity; deprived of all hope of rising again in public estimation, made the objects of alternate laughter and contempt, they fly to the executive for mercy, tenderness and compassion, in this trying hour-they implore him for a permanent appointment to some public office, to keep them from the just indignation of their constituents. Your petitioners have, therefore, thus laid before the It is economy to expend as well as to save money. president of the United States, their claim to exe--There is an old saying that "a thing well done cutive mercy and bounty. He may well suppose is twice done;" and another, that "a stitch in time that they will be trust worthy servants, after such saves nine." To arrive at this economy in the signal proofs of patriotism as have already been ex- public expenditures, the nature of the public wants, hibited to the world. Your memorialists therefore, as well as a knowledge of the public means, should humbly hope, that, for the reasons above stated, be clearly manifested-made tangible, by plain the prayer of their petition will be granted. Asin words in the vernacular tongue; and such we freely duty bound, will ever pray. admit, is the tongue generally used in all the reports from the different departments of the govern. To James Monroe, president of the United States, the ment, those from the treasury and about the fi petition of Hezekiah Niles, of the city of Baltimore,nances excepted,-which we do not presume to in the state of Maryland, printer, very respectfully sheweth That he hath reason to believe that SIXTY persons, or more, of those who were elected by the good people of the United States to represent them in the late congress, did so far forget the dignity of their own character and the interests of their constituents, as to beset you like a parcel of hungry wolves, and howl at or fawn upon you whichever way you turned, at intervals crying out "office, office, office," to the great annoyance of your auricular organs, and to the disturbance of the public peace in the Federal City Navy of the United States. understand; though they may be very clear to per sons better versed in accounts than we are! There is no establishment appertaining to the government of more practical utility, according to its means and in accordance with what is expected of it, than the board of navy commissioners-for it is composed of practical men who know "all about" the matters over which they have a controul; thus greatly relieving what may be called the civil head of that department of the nation's force, by bringing the results of experience into every branch of the service. The navy is a favorite means of defence-and if we are to have ships, let them be That the said sixty, or more, members of con-efficient-let "each count one," as we venture to gress, instead of attending to the duties which ap-say that they will do under the present organizapertained to them, were running to and fro to gather friends in their favor, and, with open mouths, asking for some of the cheese-parings of certain offices which they legislated into existence, that they themselves might fill them— That some of the said sixty, or more, persons authorized Mr. and Mr.and Mr.to assure you that they were devoted to your views, tion and arrangement of things. Hitherto the building and equipment of ships was pretty much submitted to chance or governed by caprice-now every thing is under regulation. The speakingtrumpet and the 32-pounder are made, tried and approved by rule!-not adduced from theory but as resulting from practice. The ships lately built, or building, are the first of their classes in the |