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til the note reaches the very dregs of the people, shall measure it? I cannot-it must be done by a new collected and treated with whiskey fresh from the rule; the old standard of feet and inches will not still, and so prepared to "roll along bellowing" what touch it, because what was wrong is right, and what they know not. Heaven forbid, that these remarks was right is wrong. It is fashionable to speak of the should be considered as generally applicable-but degeneracy of the times and extol things that were. every body knows that they are applicable in too This may be not only allowable, but also wholesome many cases, though, perhaps, rather going out of in many cases. In a toast lately given in reference to fashion just now. This spirit of dictation comes of the congress of 1776, it was said "there were giants the difference between meum and tuum-the ins and in those days:" if so, and we should look at the last the outs-the receivers and the payers of the pub- national legislature, we must admit that there are lie monies; and its standard is fixed at the precise pigmies in the present. It is in vain that among point which subserves personal interest or gratifies them we should look for the integrity, talents, higha felonious ambition. It is thus that some physicians souled honor and rugged independence that disrejoice at the spread of an epidemic--that too ma- tinguished their body in the year 1800, &c. The ny lawyers delight in quarrels between their friends want of these things is plain, palpable, embodied! and neighbors-that some priests are gladdened It is admitted, and it would not be either decent or at the progress of scepticism, provided it alarms the true to say otherwise, that the last congress con people and opens their pockets, that it may be com-gress contained some great, many good men-bus batted-that the poor grave-digger finds consola- the latter never had so little influence; they were tion in the rage of a pestilence! And, while this cast aside to give room for the babblers, a numeprinciple operates, they pat the people on their rous class that make speeches like old women spin heads, as we do a favorite dog, saying to them, (if coarse flax, valuable according to the length of the they shew a disposition of resistance,) as the ordi- yarn. When the fountain is polluted the stream must nary of Newgate did to a fellow about to be execut- needs be impure-the rag system has filled the reed, that had not any relish for the operation, "do public with all that is debasing and disgusting, and be hung, good man; do be hung, HANDSOMELY." But "the end is not yet"-it has generated rapine and sometimes the people will even yet resist, and re- robbery, meanness and pride, servility and authoriply to the prefects pretty much after the manner ty, prodigality and distress, and fully broken down that an Irishman did to a person who ordered him to much of that spirit which foreigners thought impuhold his horse: "Does it take two to hold him?" en. dence, because they could not comprehend the quired Paddy. "No-any one can hold him," repli- feelings that belonged to a state of personal and ed the other. «Then hold him for yourself," said the political independence. The influence of wealth has Irishman, as he turned his back upon the dictator. astonishingly increased, and a sense of moral recI have seen things like each of these in the political titude is blunted by the frequency of fraud or repeworld, and known many people who lent them. tition of crime. a fellow rolls, in money, whether selves to others, to raise them up-who, having he has obtained it from the blood of men or widows' mounted to the top of their ambition, nobly kicked tears, he is at the top of the wheel; and, being a down the instruments by which they reached it.- great man, takes upon himself the office of a preThis is what I call office-hunting gratitude: to-day, fect, and attempts to give opinion to the district in meanly courting the meanest of men--to-morrow, which he lives; though if he was poor, his brutal riding over them "rough shod." ignorance and dishonest practices might render That there has been a great declension in politi- | him despicable among convicts in a penitentiary. cal virtue, no one, "republican" or "federalist," who interested himself in public affairs twenty years ago, will, I apprehend, attempt to deny. The then existing vigilance of partics kept each within bounds, and matters that then would have agitated the whole country, are now passed over as if unknown to any one. Bless me! what a clatter I help. ed to make about the loans negociated in Mr. Adams' administration-but now, to oppose the borrowing system is "disaffection:" aye, and so it was then but the queerness of the thing is, that they who opposed the leans in 1798-9, when the United States were in a semi war, think them right in 1821, when we are at perfect peace! What a difference there is between the ins and outs! Who

There is something more strange than that which I have just mentioned: those who denounced political and spiritual dammation on all who lent inoney to government, when resisting an enemy whose avowed purpose it was to burn, destroy and plunder "ALL PLACES ASSAILABLE," (though some of them were secretly engaged in shaving the public stocks at the rate of 40 or 50 per cent. discount), are now among the greatest advocates for loans, and supporters of such measures as they know must render them indispensable, unless it is agreed that the government shall stop the payment of its ordinary expenses. I hope that I have forgiven the conduct here reprehended, and think that I might even forget it, if the old leaven did not shrew itself occaStontally.

"State banks," too, without capital-stop laws, stay. laws, and appraisement laws, are among the most efficient causes that depreciate the public and pri vate character of this people. They al belong to the rag-system, and operate for the benefit of a few at the cost of the many.

1

In such a state of things, there is no condition in life so unpleasant as that of the editor of a popular journal, unless the pursuit of his interest or the gratification of his ambition has swallowed up every other consideration. He must either stand with his pen ready nibbed to advocate any thing that the pre fect suggests, whether it is right or wrong, and re fuse to express his own mind, or become liable to a charge of disaffection to "the cause," being called also a self-conceited fellow, puffed up with vanity, &c. Generally, such a charge will work his ruin, for he is the only one that is not allowed to hold some. thing like an opinion for himself. His "differences of opinion" are construed into "differences of principle," and he is sacrificed by those who lustily talk about the freedom of the press, and so forth: it was thus that the "Holy Inquisition" caused people to be burnt to death to furnish evidence of the mer. ciful dispensations of the gospel of CHRIST; it is thus that the "Holy Alliance" tramples upon the natural rights of the people and nations, to shew their regard for the preservation of libertyand so it is that many of our presses are under as severe a surveillance as those of France, under charge of the censors-with this advantage, howe ver, that parties and factions may establish premis.

per.

a particular office—that is, they said freely that
they were determined to obtain the appointment,
or else their weight should be felt on a certain
question about to come before the house-they
made no secret of this: the appointment was made.
On another occasion, a certain great man was
pleased to advocate the claims of a person to an ap
pointment-it was objected to, because there were
already too many from the state to which that
son belonged; on this being reported to the great
man, he swore, by his Maker, that the appointinent
should be made; it was made. Look at the annual
lists of appointments, and see how many of them
are members of congress and their relatives, and
who dares doubt the existence of an influence
that cannot be too severely deprecated? But in
mentioning those cases, I do not presume to insinu-
ate that the executive was driven from its ground
by the threats above mentioned-it is proba
ble that they never reached the ear of the admi
nistration; but they go to shew the fact that some
have supposed it possible to force their friends into
office, as the "noble lord" did in England. This
is a buying and selling world, and the American
people are super-eminently gifted with a spirit of
trade-we deal in every thing, and make a traffic
of honor as well as of "wooden nutmegs." Ire
collect to have seen a carricature print, in which
there was a representation of a celebrated black
gentleman, with horns on his head, a cloven foot
and forked tail, who held up a paper marked with
the words "Chancery suit," to the delighted view

and print for themselves what they please. In the senate of the United States, a member in his place, gave his opinion that not more than forty out of four hundred of us editors were above purchase at a very low rate: "an office hunter," said he, "has nothing to do but enclose a fifty dollar bill to the editor, and he becomes pre-eminently qualified to fill the first office in the state or nation, without, perhaps, a single qualification for either, unless it is in his talent for intrigue, for which there is so large a demand in this country." Well now, what of all this? -perhaps the office hunter is the prefect of a district, the organ of a state, through whom the bounty of government principally flows, (and I think that I could name some such persons), is he a man to be slighted by a manufacturer of paragraphs and setter-up of types? By no means: the editor would be hunted down for it, and his family be deprived of bread, for his contumacy. But let me ask the gentleman, why we editors have not as good a right to sell ourselves as members of congress, dignified officers civil and military, lawyers and clergymen? If he wants cases of these sales, I could give him enough to make a book of in a very short time, without saying any thing about contracts, a fruitful mat. ter in such buyings and sellings. But time will not admit of it-two or three cases may suffice:does he believe that every member of congress who voted on the famous Yazoo question, or more recently about the concerns of the bank of the United States, were more disinterested than I should be, if I sold one of my best paragraphs for, "fifty" dollars--is a lawyer who takes a fee to clear murderers, pirates of a crowd of persons, also dressed in black and bank-robbers, &c. guiltless, and the poor editor guilty-each being paid for telling lies or disguising truths?-are the clergy, such as those who are "called" for from 1,000 to 2,000 dollars a year, who are like their predecessors in what is named "the reformation" in England, that, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, gave up their opinions of the truth for the preservation of their "livings," more virtuous than the venders of paragraphs No-each of us have our wares, and the price of them is the chief ting that is higgled about. Refer to Mr. Holmes' specch, mentioned in our last paper, and say whether the principle of the appointments mentioned by him was any thing else than a buying and selling? Nor should the reader believe that such incidents are uncommon: many things have happened that had a strong resemblance to a well known circumstance said to have occurred years ago in England, perhaps, under the administration of the infamous Walpole. A certain "noble lord," who had twenty votes in the house of commons at his perfect dispo sal, by owning the boroughs that sent the members or from some other cause, as some "noble lords" have now-asked the minister to give a certain place to one of his age and no men. It had been promised to another, and the minister, with considerable humility, stated it; to which the other said, "we are twenty." "But consider, my lord, we are pledged, and the promise was made without an idea that you wished the office for one of your friends." "We are twenty," said the lord. "Pray do not press us, my lord-name any other place and it is at your disposal." "We are twenty," repeated the noble lord; and the minister gave way and violated #It is no matter when these things happenedhis word, in favor of the commander of the twenty. it is sufficient to express my perfect assurance that I myself have some knowledge of two cases, and they have happened. Indeed, I may be almost I might give the names and circumstances without said to know that one of them did, and the other apprehension, if I could bring myself into personalities- but I will not. In one instance, the representatives of a certain state in congress made it a sine qua non that one of them should receive

wigged; they were all rushing upon it, but the hindmost cried out, "LET US ALL START FAIR." Now, we editors are hindmost, and have the most res son to push on to "feather our nests"-for, with 10, 20 or 30,000 dollars justly due by our "patrons," some of us that are hardly pressed to pay an honest debt of fifty or one hundred dollars-50 that a sale of fifty dollars worth of praise is a handsome affair. A single advertisement may yield ths: sum, and "our advertising friends" must not be neglected!

To be serious, and bring this matter to a close

if the people desire an independent press they can easily possess as many as they want. The editors are not any better or any worse than other people: and, I believe, it is the disposition of almost every man rather to do what is right than to commit wrong-provided he can make as much by it. Here and there, in every walk of life, you may find a man who is superior to a wilful act of wrong; but with most persons, the chief consi deration is to "make money," and acquire power. Yet, such a press cannot exist unless it is liberally supported-if the editor has to beg and borrow money to keep his establishment afloat, he must become subjected to some special influence; must be independent or he cannot keep his press free. All persons interested in such a press, should act upon the principle that the Frenchman did in large company, that had been greatly moved with an account of the sufferings of some unfortunate woman: "I pity her a guinea" said he, putting

rests on testimony that I cannot question. It is with unfeigned regret that such things are met. tioned-but a thousand times more so to feel that it is right to notice them.

ene into a hat and presenting it to the person near- same to us who holds or succeeds to the preest him, "how much do you pity her?" So, when sidency, provided the republic is brought to rest an editor is spoken of with approbation, the par- en herself for her own existence in independence ties present should reflect whether they owe him and safety; and, of all the persons named for any thing, and if so, resolve to pay him off imme- that high office, we only appear to be united in diately, sending him also some new supporters, if opposition to one of them. But electioneering is they can. If in his zeal, he at any time over steps no part of my business, and I shall not say any thing the bounds of propriety, the hints of such custom. more about it. All I wish is, that the prefects ers, if rightfully tendered, must always be respect-above mentioned would come out openly and meet ed, else the editor cannot be either a prudent manus face to face: let us see who they are and learn or a gentleman. There is an immense difference what they have been; know what offices they hold between honest advice and arbitrary dictation. I and how much of the public money they have redo not speak of those things as specially regarding ceived. They will not-they prefer the use of myself they at least equally apply to others who the stiletto in the dark, to wound or murder those are far my superiors in point of talents and standing that they dare not encounter in the day-light. But in society; these are not sufficiently cherished-and we care not for them-we are assured that they there are few, if any, of them that continue to be must fall, and that their conduct will be disavowed editors from choice: to the incessant labor and toil by those whom they mistakenly think they are servof the profession, is joined the public and private ing. This paper has passed through one hiery attacks of their enemies, and the more severe and persecution from the money-manufacturers, and i less tolerable neglect of their friends,—which, all the good sense of the people will suffer it to all together, keep them in a state of continual anxiety on the present occasion, I shall consider it an eviand uneasiness, and confer upon them a greater dence that I have greatly erred in my opinions of share of "miseries" than falls to the lot of other what the welfare of my country required. of this men. Hence they are driven out of their establishments, which pass into the hands of more accommodating persons, who suddenly realise private fortunes at the expense of the public good.

however, though it be called vanity, I have no apprehension just now; and will resist to the utmost of my power every attempt to put me down, except that of fair argument and candid reasoning-aiways being ready to yield to the truth.

After this digression, which I flatter myself will not prove useless, I should return to the dark hints If my opinion is worth any regard, I will cheerabout "disaffection"--but room is not allowed for fully bear the testimony of my belief that Mr. Monit now. If it were otherwise, I would say so at once roe is as honestly devoted to his country's good as --but the idea of a personal opposition to the ad- either of his predecessors were; yet from the cirministration has never entered into my mind, nor cumstances in which he has been placed, the want that of any other friend of domestic industry that of energy in congress, &c. perhaps, the republic I know of; -on the contrary,I feel myself competent has suffered more damage in the last four years to demonstrate that we are the best friends of the than in any such period that ever preceded it. It is administration, as I shall attempt to do in a subse-probably the only period in which our prosperity quent paper. It is universally admitted, for it and the general happiness has retrograded. The cannot be denied, that the present plan of raising causes of these things should be enquired into. a revenue and of borrowing money, must be aban

doned and for this sufficient reason, that it is in-. THE NEW TARIFF BILL.-I am happy that the auadequate-unfitted to a state of peace or of war.thor of the essays on the meaning of words and apWe then, are laboring to prepare the public for plication of principles, has brought out Messrs. the imposition of taxes in other shapes, and lessen Gales and Seaton in opposition to manufactures the fear that it may be unpopular to resort to them. and a permanent revenue. We are at issue-the I am not an advocate for the new tariff in extenso, people of the country are the jury to try the cause but for the establishment of such domestic manu-on the evidence offered to them. I shall proceed factures as will give a sure market to the farmer, by the introduction of a document of much importand enable him and others to meet the new requi- ance, and, if I am not mistaken, of conclusive ausitions which must inevitably be made on them, un-thority-the answers of the New York Mercantile less there are some great changes in the condition of Europe, which we have no right to look for, and ought not to depend upon, even if they were to happen. If I know the dispositions of those with whom I act an humble part, they are totally destitute of electioneering views, except to bring about some changes of policy-it is all the

Society to questions proposed to them by the committee on manufactures. These answers were made after much pains to procure the necessary information; various committees were appointed on the different subjects, who satisfied themselves and the society of their correctness. This society is composed of more than one hundred merchants of New York, among whom is Mr. Cambreleng, a member of congress elect from that city. He was opposed to the society giving any answers to the questions, but after they were reported by the committees, submitted to the society and approved of by them, acknowledged that they were correctly made. They have been printed by order of congress, and in N. York no answer has been made to them; no merchant can deny

*I am clearly admonished, that the present severity of attention which the business requires, and the frequently unpleasant incidents that I meet with in sustaining it, are neither consistent with my happiness, health or duration here; and hence it is that I have resolved, if possible, either to get along with less trouble hereafter, or to bend my whole mind to some other way to make a living." The public has little, if any interest in this-for Perhaps, this,is rather my own idea than the fact the editor of the St. Louis Enquirer, has positively of the case-for there have not been any public affirmed that the sun will rise and set, even after indications or private determinations, that I have my decease, or used words to this effect!-but the heard of, in opposition to the gentleman alluded people are deeply interested in the preservation to, except so far as the opinion of individuals may of an independent press-no matter by whom con- have acted against him without concert, from the ducted, if honestly devoted to their welfare, impulse of their own judgment and feeling.

any considerable part would be impracticable, without the connivance of the officers of the cus toms.

or question their truth. I have been informed, by credible men, that the utmost pains were taken by the committee of manufactures on these subjects to obtain information,-that a copy of the questions Under the duties of 1815 and 1816, the whole was put into the hands of Mr. Newton, chairman amount, smuggled from on ship-board in our comof the committee of commerce, with a request that mercial towns, did not probably, amount to a twenhe would send them to Mr. Bayard, president of tieth of one per cent, on the cargoes imported. the New York chamber of commerce, and request Watches, jewelry, laces, and sewing silks, are the his answers-thinking that he would furnish the principal articles that are, and would continue to answers at the request of the committee of com- be smuggled; because their bulk is so trifling that merce, but not if coming from the committee on they are imported by passengers and others, and manufactures: that a copy was sent to Mr. Mason, not entered on the manifest; therefore, the vigiof Boston, with a request that he would put them lance of the officers cannot in all cases, prevent their into the bands of some intelligent merchants, who being landed without paying the duties. As such bad retired from business, and had now no con- goods, so introduced, must almost necessarily be nection with commerce or manufactures, and re-sold by auction, any saving in the duty might be quest their answers: that a copy was sent to Mr. Warfield, of Baltimore, to be given to gentlemen who were named and known to be opposed to the new tariff-and to request their answers. The two last copies were delivered according to request -the gentlemen in Boston did not answer any question, the gentlemen in Baltimore said they had mislaid them.*

met by an equivalent auction duty.

Question 2d. Enumerate those which you think would amount to a prohibition.

Answer. Art. 5th will amount to a prohibition of all kinds of paper, except colored and stained paper, and paper hangings; all kinds of hats, except Leghorn straw; it will probably ultimately amount to a prohibition of prunelle and silk shoes, flint, cut and window glass, slates, and tiles for building, common corks, salted fish, and inferior kinds of gunpowder.

A copy was also given by the chairman of the Committee of manufactures, to the chairman of the committee of ways and means, with a declaration that they were sent for information, and in a spirit Question 3d. Generally would the rates of duty of amity and conciliation-that if the measures proposed,diminish or increase the revenue; in other about to be proposed would injure American com-words, would the increased duties equal the dimir. merce, it was because the committee of manufac.ished importation? If you think it would, state tures knew no better-that they wanted informa- the items specifically.

tion and sought it from mercantile sources, with Answer. The proposed tariff if adopted, would, every disposition to respect it. It was requested in our opinion, diminish the revenue. The artithat the questious should be shewn to an eminent cles enumerated, in the answer to the 16th quesmerchant, a member of the house of representation, are all now recollected, that will bear an intives, and that an answer would be given:-the,co. crease of duty without injury to the revenue. py of the questions was retained for perhaps

in this bill that would have an injurious effect o Question 4th. Are there any general provisions week, and returned. without an answer. Of the truth of these facts I am assured of good authority. the revenue or commerce? If so, specify them. These answers are a document which ought to be This does not refer to the rate of duties. kept by every one. I intreat the reader to comAnswer. In the 5th article of the tariff bill " pare them with the second publication of Galesowances or discounts", ought to be striken out, as and Seaton, and to peruse them till I make my they throw insurmountable difficulties in the way comments. [Communicated. many descriptions of goods.

Questions addressed by the committce on manufactures, to the Mercantile Society in New York, with their

answers.

THE NEW TARIFF BILL. You will recollect that the 10th section was striken out, and the 9th so modified as to be objectionable.

of

Question 5th. What is the cost of a British ship, of say 300 tons? What of an American of the sane force and burthen, and generally, the difference in the price of shipping by the ton in each country, completely equipped?

Answer. A British ship of 300 tons, equipped for un-sea, will cost 24,000 dollars, or 80 dollars per ton. An American ship of the same quality will cost 18,060 dollars, or 60 dollars per ton.

Question 1st. State the items on which you think so high a duty was proposed as would lead to smuggling.

Answer. Smuggling cannot be carried to any extent, except on our frontiers, and generally speaking, there would be but little difference there, whether the duty was fifteen or forty per cent. Those who are most conversant with our revenue Jaws, know, that the difficulties attending smuggling from on ship board are so great, that the gain would not justify the risk. European and Indian ships and cargoes are so valuable, that, supposing character in no way affected, the owners would never jeopardize them for the sake of clandestinely introducing a small part; to thus introduce

Whose fault is it then that no answers were given, except from the New York society? It is not for me to assign the reasons why none other could be procured the public will draw their own infer

ance.

Question 6th. The quantity of iron and cordage to the 100 tons of shipping?

Answer. It will require 4 tons of iron, 1,500 lbs. of copper bolts, 44 tons cordage, and 20 bolts of duck to the 100 tons.

Question 7th. Would the proposed increase of duty on iron, hemp, and cordage, have the effect of inducing the merchants to build their vessels abroad, or of giving foreign a preference over our own shipping?

Answer. As to American merchants building vessels in foreign countries, it is out of the question; for, by our navigation laws, American papers could not be obtained for them. Foreign vessels would not have a preference in our ports over American built vessels, unless at a reduction in freight of 25 per cent. or advantages equivalent at the port of destination, as is now the case with French and other foreign vessels taking cargoes for France.

would be one man to twenty tons, equal to 5000 men; the same number of tons in the European trade, one man to twenty-three tons, equal to 4,347; in the West India trade, same number of tons, one man to twenty tons, equal to 5000; in the coasting trade, same number of tons, one man to fifteen tons, equal to 6,666 men.

Question 8th. State the price of the following articles in 1811, or any other year or years before the war, which will present a fair average of their price in the years of a flourishing commerce: coarse Cottons, umbrellas, nails, gunpowder,playing cards, carriages, cabinet wares, wafers, hats, &c. boots and shoes, and any other manufactured articles which were formerly imported, but are now, in a Question 12th. Does the consumption of cotton great measure, if not wholly made in the U. States; in the American manufactories, diminish the price the present prices of the same articles, the rela- of what is exported to Europe; in other words, are, tive quality of the imported and domestic articles. or can, the fruits of cotton manufactories be inju Answer. Common coarse cottons, such as are marious to those who raise this article? nufactured in the United States, may be fairly stated to be 50 per cent. lower than in 1811, and are much superior to the piece goods of similar description from Calcutta.

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Cabinet wares are greatly superior, and full 25 per cent lower.
Gunpowder,
do 25 to 50 per c't. do.
Umbrellas,
do 33 1-3
Carriages,
Hats,

Boots and shoes,

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do

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Silver ware is now made in this country as cheap as in London; and is 12 per cent. lower than in 1811.

Answer. The consumption of cotton at home, increases the price to the growers; the demand in this market for home consumption, is generally considered to keep the price from one to two cents per pound higher than it would otherwise be.

Question 13th. Generally speaking, do you think there would be as much employment for our ship. ping and seamen, in the transportation of raw ma terials and manufactures coastwise, as in their exportation and importation? This must be understood, as applying generally to our articles of con

Question 9th. Where the domestic has super-sumption. seded the foreign supply of our market, state the general effect it has produced, as to price and quality; and whether it has resulted in the benefit or injury of the consumer.

Answer. As far as our own information has given us an opportunity of judging, the consumer is supplied with a better article for the same price; it is particularly so with coarse cottons, hats, boots and shoes, cabinet wares, carriages, fancy chairs, looking glass and picture frames, silver plate, audirons, brass head shovels and tongs, grates for burning coals, gold leaf, woollen sattinets, cut nails, fancy, mock tortoise shell, and fine ivory combs, rifle guns, cut tacks, and brads, and tin wares.

Answer. The kind of foreign trade here named, employs more tonnage, and probably more seamen than the coasting trade would in exchanging the same amount of articles.

Question 14th. Except cotton, how much tonnage is employed in the transportation to other countries, of the raw material of the manufactures which we import?

Answer. We know of no raw material, of any magnitude, excepting cotton, the production of this country, which is exported and returned in a manufactured state.

port, if so, state of what? Is the price of these articles, and their demand abroad, regulated by the wants of other nations, or by the amount of manufactures we receive in exchange? State not only your opinion, but experience, and the infor. mation of others that is to be relied upon, if no general revision of the, tariff should be proposed.

Question 15th. State your opinion of the proba ble operation of this bill on commerce; if injurious, Question 10th. Taking the article of cotton as an point out specifically, the objections. Would it deexample, and supposing coarse cotton goods are crease our tonnage, or number of seamen? Would excluded, has the effects been injurious to com-it diminish the price of any of our articles of exmerce? Is there as much tonnage; are there as many seamen employed, in the transportation of the raw material, and the manufactured article coastwise, as there would be in the importation of the foreign manufacture, and the exportation of as much cotton, as would make the goods we import from Europe? If more or less, state the difference. Answer. The exportation of the raw material to Europe, and the importation of the article when manufactured, would give employment to a greater number of seamen, and more tons of shipping, than the transportation of the same raw materials, and manufactured articles coastwise. So far as relates to a prohibition of India cottons (manufactured) our commerce has no doubt been benefitted, because it Question 16th. State the articles on which an adcould only be employed in bringing an article manu-ditional duty might be laid for the purposes of re factured from a raw material of foreign growth, venue, without injury to commerce, and the amount whereas the raw material, of which the substitute of such additional duty. is made, as well as the manufactured article, are both transported coastwise, and give employment to more shipping, and a greater number of seamen, than the importation of India manufactured cottons could possibly do. It would take five cargoes of unmanufactured cotton to make one of manufactured goods.

Question 11th. Take a given number of tons of shipping, say 100,000, in the East India trade; what would be the number of seamen employed; what number would be employed in the European trace, the same number of tons; same in the West Indian; the same in the coasting trade?

Answer. Take 100,000 tons of shipping in the East India trade, the number of seamen employed

Answer. We think generally it will not be prejudicial to commerce; it would not diminish the value of any article of domestic produce exported the price of our articles abroad, and the demand for them, is regulated by the wants of other nations, and not by what we in return receive from them.

Answer. The following articles may be raised
from their present rate of duty to that annexed to
each article, for the purpose of revenue, and would
not diminish the importation or consumption.
Linen goods to

Silk goods manufactured in China, and other pla
places, beyond the Cape of Good Hope,
Silk goods from France and other places, except
beyond the Cape of Good Hope,

All staple and fancy hardwares under 25 per cent.
to be raised,
China and earthen wares,
Ale and porter, in bottles or casks,
Cassia, from China,
Almonds,

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