intricate confusion. How shall we bring order out of this chaos; account for the existence of these contradictions? It is serious work to decompose these phenomena/ so various and conflicting; to detect the one cause in the many results. But in doing this/ we find the root of all in Man himself. In him is the same perplexing antithesis which we meet in all his works. These conflicting things existed as ideas in him before they took their present and concrete shape. Discordant causes have produced effects not harmonious. Out of man these institutions have grown; out of his passions or his judgment/ his senses or his soul. Taken together/ they are the exponent which indicates the character and degree of development the race has now attained; they are both the result of the past and the prophecy of the future. From a survey of society/ and an examination of human nature/ we come at once to the conclusion/ that these institutions out of man are but the exhibitions of what is in him/ and must be referred either to eternal principles/ or momentary passions. Society is the work of man. There is nothing in society which is not also in man.-Theodore Parker.

(94.) AS IT FELL UPON A DAY.

Oh! what's befallen Bessy Brown/
She stands so squalling in the street?
She's let her pitcher tumble down/

And all the water's at her feet!

The little school-boys stood all about/

And laughed to see her pumping/ pumping;
Now with a courtesy to the spout/

And then upon her tiptoes jumping.

Long time she waited for her neighbours/
To have their turns:-but she must lose
The watery wages of her labours/—
Except a little in her shoes!

Without a voice to tell her tale/

And ugly transport in her face;

All like a jugless nightingale/

She thinks of her bereaved case.

At last she sobs-she cries-she screams!-
And pours her flood of sorrows out/
From eyes and mouth/ in mingled streams/
Just like the lion on the spout.

For well poor Bessy knows her mother
Must lose her tea/ for water's lack/
That Sukey burns-and baby brother

Must be dry-rubb'd with huck-a-back!-Hood.

(95.) JOHN ANDERSON, MY JO.

John Anderson/ my jo/ John/

When we were first acquaint/
Your locks were like the raven/
Your bonny brow was brent/
But now your brow is beld/ John/
Your locks are like the snaw;
But blessings on your frosty pow/
John Anderson/ my jo.

John Anderson/ my jo/ John/
We clamb the hill thegither;
And mony a canty day/ John/
We've had wi' ane anither:
Now we maun totter down/ John/
But hand in hand we'll go;
And sleep thegither at the foot/
John Anderson/ my jo.--Burns.

(96.) MORALITY.

There can be no right or wrong/ virtue or vice/ without morality— that is/ without duty or obligation; and there can be no morality without a Being superior to man/ who has the right to say “thou shalt/" and "thou shalt not." And without morality/ what knowledge is there powerful enough to give life to the world? Once dethrone conscience from its supremacy in the mind/ and elevate selfism there instead/ and then-God help the race! Yet this is what all mere naturalism aims at/ and would/ if possible/ achieve. Nature's million voices/sweet as may be their tone/ cannot tell the soul the wherefore of its deepest wants/ cannot respond to its life-long yearnings/ cannot inform it whence it is/ what it is/ or whither it is going. All the problems of sin/ and evil/ and misery/ are beyond their power to solve. When oppressed with dread of the future/ and terrible anxiety regarding its relation to its God/ it cries for more light: there is none to answer in all creation. He who goes to science or philosophy alone for this bread/ will come away with a stone instead. -M'Cann.

RULE IX.

The sense of the passage must govern the emphasis-pause both before and after a word emphasized.

(97.) Every sentence has a principal word-judgment deciding which, and also the power of emphasis to be laid on it. When the subject and predicate have not previously occurred, both must be emphasized, as, "The train has started;" but when the subject and predicate have been stated, the new member in the sentence must be made emphatic. The accent is generally shifted in contrasted words, as: "He must increase, but I must de'crease." Subject to the context, small words, pronouns, or rhyming words should not be emphasized. To give power to emphasis, let the words preceding and following the emphatic one be read quicker; and in cases where the reader wishes to be more than usually emphatic, let him limit the emphasis to one word in the sentence, as: "Jesus saith, I am the resurrection and the life." Words used in sarcasm should be emphasized, as: “This man is now become a god.” Never emphasize any word which might be omitted without violation of the sense. Avoid emphasizing small words such as and, at, was, &c.

EXERCISES ON RULE IX.

Awake/ my heart

(98.) To arms to arms/ to arms/ they cry. awake. Green vales and icy cliffs/ all join my hymn. And Agrippa said unto Paul/ Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Aud God said/ Let there be light/ and there was light. For God sent not his Son to condemn the world/ but that the world through Him might be saved. He that believeth on Him is not condemned/ but he that believeth not is condemned already: because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God: and this is the condemnation/ that light is come into the world/ and men loved darkness rather than light/ because their deeds were evil. I come to bury Cæsar/ not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them/ the good is oft interred with their bones.

(99.) THE IRREPARABLE PAST.

Time is the solemn inheritance to which every man is born heir/ who has a life-rent of this world--a little section cut out of eternity and given us to do our work in: an eternity before/ an eternity behind; and the small stream between/ floating swiftly from the

one into the vast bosom of the other. The man who has felt with all his soul the significance of time will not be long in learning any lesson that this world has to teach him. Have you ever felt it? Have you ever realized how your own little streamlet is gliding away/ and bearing you along with it towards that awful other world of which all things here are but the thin shadow/ down into that eternity towards which the confused wreck of all earthly things are bound? Let us realize that: until that sensation of time/ and the infinite meaning which is wrapped up in it/ has taken possession of our souls/ there is no chance of our ever feeling strongly that it is worse than madness to sleep that time away. Every day in this world has its work; and every day as it rises out of eternity keeps putting to each of us the question afresh/ What will you do before to-day has sank into eternity and nothingness again? Every period of human life has its own lesson/ and you cannot learn that lesson in the next period. The boy has one set of lessons to learn/ and the young man another/ and the grown-up man another. Life is like the transition from class to class in a school. The schoolboy who has not learnt arithmetic in the earlier classes cannot secure it when he comes to mechanics in the higher: each section has its own sufficient work. He may be a good philosopher or a good historian/ but a bad arithmetician he remains for life; for he cannot lay the foundation at the moment when he must be building the superstructure. The regiment which has not perfected itself in its manoeuvres on the parade-ground cannot learn them before the guns of the enemy. And just in the same way the young person who has slept his youth away/ and become idle/ and selfish/ and hard/ cannot make up for that afterwards. He may do something/ he may be religious—yes; but he cannot be what he might have been. There is a part of his heart which will remain uncultivated to the end.-F. W. Robertson.

(100.) THE ALL-SEEING.

There is an Eye that never sleeps
Beneath the wing of night;
There is an Ear that never shuts
When sink the beams of light.

There is an Arm that never tires
When human strength gives way;

There is a Love that never fails

When earthly loves decay.

That Eye is fixed on seraph throngs;
That Ear is filled with angels' songs:

That Arm upholds the worlds on high;

That Love is throned beyond the sky.—Heber.

(101.) PREJUDICE.

Among the workings of the hidden life within us/ which we may experience but cannot explain/ are there any more remarkable than those mysterious moral influences constantly exercised either for attraction or repulsion/ by one human being over another? In the simplest/ as in the most important affairs of life/ how startling/ how irresistible is their power? How often we feel and know/ either pleasurably or painfully/ that another is looking on us/ before we have ascertained the fact with our own eyes! How often we prophesy truly to ourselves the approach of friend or enemy just before either have really appeared! How strangely and abruptly we become convinced/ at a first introduction/ that we shall secretly love this person and loathe that/ before experience has guided us with a single fact in relation to their characters!- Wilkie Collins.

RULE X.

Suit the tone to the nature of a passage, and sometimes to that of a word. Let the voice sympathize with the imagination.

(102.) Regarding the Tone: the voice possesses three distinct toneshigh, low, and middle "pitch." The Middle Pitch is used in ordinary conversation, calm narration, descriptive statement, and moral reflection. The High Pitch is used in the expression of rage, violent grief or joy, threatenings, denunciations, or invectives. The Low Pitch is usually associated with suppressed emotion, grief, reverence, and deep thought. According to the size of the hall, the power of the Tone must be regulated; the middle tone is the most agreeable, convenient, and audible. The key is not to be changed, but, according to circumstances, its force is to be increased or diminished. Whatever "Pitch" is used, let it be a Natural one. An Artificial or made voice is always disagreeable and defeats its own end. Always read as if you were addressing the person at the furthest from you.