7 immediately by an extensive antiproton-proton colliding beam run. The latter will involve two major detector facilities: the upgraded CDF (Collider Detector at Fermilab) detector and the complementary new D-Zero detector which is scheduled for completion and commissioning in the summer of 1991. With these capabilities, the physics utilization of the Tevatron collider will effectively be doubled from its previous run. Physics research at the SLC will emphasize use of the new polarized electron beam capability which will be commissioned during the year. This new capability has the same effect, for some measurements, as increasing the collision rate by factor of 10. With this new polarized beam, the collision rate near the design level, and a new detector scheduled for completion late in 1990, we expect that the SLC will be at the leading edge of high energy physics research in FY 1991. The Positron-Electron Project will also be operated at SLAC utilizing the improved Time Projection Chamber detector. The AGS will operate primarily for High Energy Physics rare kaon decay experiments. The new AGS Accumulator/Booster will be commissioned during FY 1991. It will improve the performance and capabilities of the AGS, in part by providing more intense beams, and will significantly increase the data collection rate for the experimental program. The FY 1991 Operating Expenses request also includes funding to support longrange accelerator and detector R&D to develop the new concepts and technologies that are essential to the efficient operation, continued enhancement, and extension of accelerator and detector capabilities. 8 The FY 1991 Capital Equipment request of $88.2 million will provide the particle beam-line components, detection apparatus, and data analysis systems essential to forefront High Energy Physics research. In FY 1991, priority will be given to final completion of two major new collider detectors, one for SLC and one for the Tevatron, and to an upgrade of computer and data analysis equipment at universities participating in the program. The FY 1991 Construction request of $38.8 million includes continued funding for the Fermilab Linac Upgrade project, a key element in maintaining a productive research program with the Fermilab Tevatron in the years before the SSC becomes operational. The Construction request includes $12.0 million for this $22.8 million project. The Linac Upgrade will replace a portion of the existing accelerator hardware for which commercial replacement parts are no longer available. This upgrade will increase the output energy of the linac from 200 to 400 million electron volts. The increased output energy will increase both the Tevatron collider collision rate and the beam intensity for the fixed target program, thus permitting additional experiments and increasing the likelihood of observing rarer occurrences such as the creation of the top quark. The Construction request also includes $14.5 million for Accelerator Improvements and Modifications (AIM) and $12.3 million for General Plant Projects (GPP). AIM projects provide for improvements to research accelerators and related experimental facilities, while GPP projects address the need to upgrade general laboratory facilities. These projects are needed to maintain the scientific effectiveness, reliability, and efficiency of High Energy Physics facilities. SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER 9 Although scientists working in high energy physics have made great progress in understanding the basic structure of matter and the fundamental forces, many important questions remain unanswered. The SLC and Fermilab Tevatron, together with other High Energy Physics facilities, will keep the U.S. program competitive and at the forefront in the search for answers to these questions for the next several years. However, to push the frontiers of knowledge into the trillion electron volt (TeV) mass region, where new and exciting discoveries are anticipated, a new, more powerful particle accelerator, the Superconducting Super Collider, is required. The SSC will allow physicists to continue along a path of research that has dramatically altered the way we live, though the consequences often are not apparent for many years. Man's first steps on the moon would have been impossible without the basic conceptual understanding of gravity developed centuries earlier by Galileo and Newton. Radio and television and all the other electronic wonders of our age rest on the understanding of electricity and magnetism developed during the last century by Faraday, Maxwell, and Hertz. Nuclear power and nuclear medicine can be traced to the quests in the first half of this century by Rutherford, Bohr, and Fermi for a deeper understanding of the atom and the nucleus. The positive impact on individual lives of the new knowledge gained through this research can be seen in many areas. In nuclear medicine, for instance, it has been estimated that several million Americans each year receive medical diagnosis or treatment from techniques which were developed from the technologies and particle |