104 In all schools, one leading object should be, to teach the science and art of reading and speaking with effect: they ought, indeed, to occupy seven-fold more time than at present. Teachers should strive to improve themselves, as well as their pupils, and feel, that to them are committed the future orators of our country. A first-rate reader is much more useful than a first-rate performer on a piano, or any other artificial instrument. Nor is the voice of song sweeter than the voice of eloquence: there may be eloquent readers, as well as eloquent speakers. Proverbs. 1. He that seeks trouble, it were a pity he should miss it. 2. Honor and ease-are seldom bed-fellows. 3. It is a miserable sight to see a poor man proud, and a rich man avaricious. 4. One cannot fly without wings. 5. The fairest rose at last is withered. 6. The best evidence of a clegyman's userness, is the holy lives of his parishoners. 7. We are rarely so unfortunate, or so happy, as we think we are. 8. A friend i.. need, is a friend indeed. 9. Bought wit is the leave truth in the middle, and the parnes at both best, if not bought too dear. 10. Disputations-ends. 11. We must do and live. 12. A diligeat pen supplies many thoughts. 105. G has three sounds: first, name sound, or that of J, before e, i, Authority and Truth. Who has not observed how much more ready mankind are and y, generally: GEM; Gen-erto bow to the authority of a name, than al Ghent, of gi-ant ge-nius, suggests that the o-rig-i-nal mag-ic yield to the evidence of truth? However of the frag-ile gip-sey has genstrong and incontestible-the force of reasoning, and the array of facts of an individer-a-ted the gen-e-al-o-gy of Geor- [G in GEM.] gi-um Si-dus; the geor-gics of George Ger-will weigh and measure him by the obscuual, who is unknown to fame, a slavish world man are ex-ag-er-a-ted by the pan-e-gyr-ics rity of his name. Integrity, research, sciof the log-i-cal ser-geant; hy-dro-gen, og-y-ence, philosophy, fact, truth, and goodness--gen and ging-seng, ger-min-ate gen-teel ginger-bread for the o-rig-i-nal ab-o-rig-i-nes of Ge-ne-va. are no shield against ridicule, and misrepresentation. Now this is exceedingly humilia106. It is of the first importance, that the necessity of looking at the truth itself for the ting to the freed mind, and shows the great reader, speaker and singer be free and unre- evidence of truth. Hence, we are not to bestrained in his manner; so as to avoid using lieve what one says, because he says it, but the chest as much as possible, and also of because we see that it is true: this course is being monotonous in the flow of his words: well calculated to make us independent reathus, there will be perfect correspondence—soners, speakers, and writers, and constitute of the feelings, thoughts and actions. Look us, as we were designed to be-FREEMEN, in out upon Nature; all is free, varied, and ex-feeling, thought and act. pressive; such should be our delivery. Naure-abhors monotony, as much as she does a vacuum. Varieties. 1. How long was it, from the discovery of America, in 1492, by Columbus, 107. Irregulars. J generally has this to the commencement of the Revolutionary sound. The je-june judge just-ly jeal-ous War, in 1775 2. Most of our laws would of Ju-lia's joy, joined her to ju-ba James in never have had an existence, if evil actions June or July; the ju-ry jus-ti-fy the joke, in had not made them necessary. 3. The grand jerk-ing the jave-lin of Ju-pi-ter from the secret-of never failing-in propriety of jol-ly Jes-u-it, and jam-ming it into the jov-deportment, is to have an intention-of ali-al Jew, to the jeop-ar-dy of the jeer-ing jock-ey. Notes. 1. This triphthongal sound, as are most of the other vocal consonants, is composed of a vocal and aspirate. To make it, compress the teeth, and begin to pronounce the word judge, very loud; and when you have made a sound, e. i. got to the u, sto instantly, and you will perceive the proper sound; or be gin to pronounce the letter g, but put no e to it: see engraving. 2. The three sounds, of which this is composed, are that of the name sound of d, and those of e, and h, combined. 3. Breath as well as voice sounds, may be arrested, or allowed to escape, according to the nature of the sound to be produced. Anecdote. A pedlar-overtook another of his tribe on the road, and thus accosted him: "Hallo, friend, what do you carry?" "Rum and Whisky,"-was the prompt reply. "Good," said the other; "you may go ahead; I carry gravestones." The quiet sea, which is sown here, will be reap'd hereafter. ways doing what is right. 4. Only that, 5. Is there more than one God? 6. The hutioned efforts of each individual—are never man race is so connected, that the well intenlost; but are propagated to the mass; so that what one-may ardently desire, another may resolutely endeavor, and a third, or tenth, may actually accomplish. 7. All thought is dependent on the will, or voluntary principle, and takes its quality therefrom: as is the will, such is the thought; for the thought-is the will, in form; and the state of the will-may be known by that form. Go abroad, upon the paths of Nature, and wher · 108. Elocution is not, as some errone- 112. Freedom of Thought. "Beware ously suppose, an art of something artificial of pinning your faith to another's sietve—-of in tones, looks and gestures, that may be forming your own opinion entirely on that learned by imitation. The principles teach of another. Strive to attain to a modest indeus to exhibit truth and nature dressed to pendence of mind, and keep clear of leading advantage: its objects are, to enable the rea- strings: follow no one, where you cannot der, and speaker, to manifest his thoughts, see the road, in which you are desired to and feelings, in the most pleasing, perspic-walk: otherwise, you will have no confidence uous, and forcible manner, so as to charm the in your own judgment, and will become a afections, enlighten the understanding, and changeling all your days. Remember the leave the deepest, and most permanent im-old adage—“let every tub stand on its own pression, on the mind of the attentive hearer. bottom! And, "never be the mere shadow of another." 109. The second sound of G, is hard, or gutteral, before a, o, u, l, r, and often before e, and i; also, at the end of monosyllables, and sometimes at the end of dissyllables, and their preceding sylla Proverbs. 1. He dies like a beast, who has done no good while he lived. 2. 'Tis a base thing to betray a man, because he trusted you. 3 Knaves-imagine that nothing can be done without knavery. 4. He is not a wise man, who pays more for a thing than it is worth. 5. Learningis a sceptre to some, and a bauble-to others. 6. bles. GAME; a giddy goose [G in GAME.] got a ci-gar, and gave it to a gan-grene beg-No tyrant can take from you your knowledge. 7. gar: Scrog-gins, of Brob-dig-nag, growls Only that which is honestly got-is true gain. over his green-glass gog-gles, which the big 8. Pride-is as loud a beggar as want; and a ne-gro gath-er-ed from the bog-gy quag-mire; great deal more saucy. 9. That is a bad child, a gid-dy gig-gling girl glides into the grog- that goes like a top, no longer than it is whipge-ry, and gloats over the gru-el in the great ped. 10. It is hard for an empty bag to stand upvig-gin of the rag-ged grand-mother, ex-right. 11. Learn to bear disappointment cheerclaim-ing, dig or beg, the game is gone. 110. Foreigners and natives may derive essential aid from this system of mental and vocal philosophy; enabling them to read and speak the language correctly; which they most certainly ought to do, before they are employed in our schools: for whatever children learn, they should learn correctly. Good teachers are quite as necessary in the primary school, as in the Academy or College: at least, so thought Philip, king of Macedon, when he sent his son Alexander to Aristotle, the great philosopher, to learn his letters: and Alexander says, he owed more to his teacher, than to his father. 111. Irregulars. Gh, in a few words, has this sound: tho', strictly speaking, the h is silent. The ghast-ly bur-gher stood aghast to see the ghost of the ghyll, eat the ghas-tly gher-kins in the ghos-tly burgh. They are silent in-the neigh-bors taught their daugh-ters to plough with de-light, though they caught a fur-lough; &c. Notes. 1. This vocal sound is made, by pressing the roots of the tongue against the uvula, so as to close the throat, and beginning to Lay go, without the o; the sound is intercepted lower down than that of first d, and the jaw dropped more; observe also the vocal and aspirate; the sound is finished, however, in this, as in all oth. er instances of making the vocal consonants, by the organs re. suming their natural position, either for another effort, or for silence. 2. If practice enables persons with half the usual number of fingers to accomplish whatever manual labor they undertake; think, how much may be done in this art, by those who pos. sess their vocal organs complete, provided they pursue the course bere indicated, there is nothing like these vocal gymnastics. 'Tis autumn. Many, and many a fleeting age Hath faded, since the primal morn of Time; And silently the slowly journeying years, All redolent of countless seasons, pass. fully. 12. Eradicate your prejudices. Anecdote. A sharp Eye. A witness, during the assizes, at York, in England, after several ineffectual attempts to go on with his story, declared, "he could not proceed in his testimony, if Mr. Brougham did not take his eyes off from him." Varieties. 1. Which does society the most injury, the robber, the slanderer, or the murderer? 2. In every period of life, our talents may be improved, and our mind expan ded by education. 3. The mind is powerful, reduced to practice. 4. Give not the meats in proportion as it possesses powerful truths, and drinks of a man, to a child; for how should they do it good? 5. A proverb, well applied at the end of a phrase, often makes a very happy conclusion: but beware of using such sentences too often. 6. Extrav agant and misplaced eulogiums-neither honor the one, who bestows them, nor the person, who receives them. 7. Apparent truth-has its use, but genuine truth a greater use: and hence, it is the part of wisdom-to seek it. "Tis midnight's holy hour-and silence now The still and pulseless worla, Hark! on the wing Is sweeping past,-yet, on the stream, and wood, Like the far wind-harp's wild and touching wa PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION. 113 These principles of oratory-are well calculated to accustom the mind to the closest investigation and reasoning; thus, affording a better discipline for the scientific, rational, and affectuous faculties of the mind, than even the study of the mathematics: for the whole man is here addressed, and all his mental powers, and all his acquirements, are called into requisition. This system is a fery ordeal; and those who pass through it, understandingly, and practically, will come out purified as by fire: it solves difficulties, end sads the mind to correct conclusions, respecting what one is to do, and what one is not to do. different. 2. Keep thy shop, and thy shop will Proverbs. 1. Impudense, and wit, are vastly keep thee. 3. Listeners-hear no good of themselves. 4. Make hay while the sun shines. 5. Ar ounce of discretion is worth a pound of wit. 6. Purposing, without performing, is mere fooling 7. Quiet persons-are welcome every where. 8. Some have been thought brave, because they towards God, and a coward towards men. 10 were afraid to run away. 9. A liar is a brave Without a friend, the world is a wilderness A young man idle,—an old man-needy. 12 Resolution, without action, is a slothful folly. might be done to the present and the rising Reading Rooms. Incalculable good generation, by the establishment, in every town and village in our country, of Public Reading Rooms, to be supported by voluntary subscription: indeed, it would be wise in town authorities to sustain such instituwhen shall we wake up to a consideration tions of knowledge by direct taxation. Oh! of things above the mere love of money-ma 114. The third sound of G is that of Zh which, tho' common to s and z, is derived to this letter from the French; or, perhaps we should say, the words in which G has this sound, are French words not Anglicised -or made into English. The [G in ROUGE.] pro-te-ge (pro-ta-zha, a person protected, or patronized,) during his bad-e-nage, (bad-e-king. nazh, light or playful discourse,) in the menag-e-ry, (2 place for the collection of wild evil than good-to mankind? 2. A necesVarieties. 1. Did Napoleon-do more animals, or their collection,) on the mi-rage, sary part of good manners-is a punctual (me-razh, an optical illusion, presenting an observation of time; whether on matters of image of water in sandy deserts,) put rouge, civility, business, or pleasure. 3. It is ab(roozh, red paint for the face,) on the char-surd-to expect that your friends will rege-d'af-fair, (shar-zha-dif-fare, an ambassa-member you, after you have thought proper dor, or minister of secondary rank.) 115. This work informs the pupil, as the rowed trouble cost us. 5. Adversity-has to forget them. 4. How much pain has bormaster workman does the apprentice: it the effect of eliciting talents, which, in prosteaches the principles, or rules, and the way perous circumstances, would have lain dorto apply them; and when they are thus ap-mant. 6. When the infidel would persuade plied to practice, he has no more use for them: indeed, its rules and directions serve him the same purpose as the guide-post does the traveler; who, after visiting the place, towards which it directs, has no further need of it. 116. Irregulars. S often has this sound. and Z, generally. The az-ure ad-he-sion to the am-bro-sial en-clo-sures is a ro-se-ate treas-ure of vis-ions of pleas-ures; the seizure of the viz-ier's en-thu-si-asm is an inva-sion of the gla-zier's di-vi-sions of the scis-sors; the ho-sier takes the bra-zier's cro-sier with a-bra-sions and cor-ro-sions by cx-po-sure, and treas-ures it up without elis-ions. Notes. 1. This vocal triphthongal consonant sound may be made, by placing the organs, as if to pronounce sh in show, and adding a voice sound, from the larynx; or, by drawing out the sound of the imaginary word zhure, zh-ure. 2. Analyze these sounds thus; give the first sound of c, keep the teeth still compressed, add the aspirate of h, and then prefix the vocality; or reverse the prooves. G is sent in-the ma-lign phlegm of the poig-nant gnat, impregus tae en-sign's di-a-phragm, and gnaws into Char-le-magne's -ragl-io. Anecdote. A considerate Minister. A very dull clergyman, vhose delivery was monotonous and uninteresting to his hearers, putting many of the old folks asleep-said to the boys, who were playing in the gallery; "Don't make so much noise there; you will awake your parents below." For me, my lot—was what I sought; to be, you to abandon the Bible, tell him you will, The spacious firmament-on high, 17. Be very particular in pronouncing the jaw, or voice-breakers, and cease not, till you can give every sound fully, correctly and distinctly. If your vocal powers are well exercised, by faithful practice on the more difficult combinations, they will acquire a facility of movement, a precision of action, a flexibility, grace, and force truly surprising. 118. H has but one sound, which is an aspirate, or forcible breathing, made in the glottis: HALE: his high-ness holds high his high-ty head, and ex-hib-its! his shrunk shanks to the ho-ly horde in the hu-mid hall; the (H in HALE.] hard-heart-ed hedge-hog, heed-less of his hav-oc of the house-wife's ham, hies him self home, hap-py to have his head, his hands, and his heart whole; the harm-ful hum-ble-bee hurtles through the hot-house, and ex-horts his ex-haust-ed hive-lings to hold their house-hold-stuff for a hob-by-horse till har-vest-home. 119. It is said, that no description can adequately represent Lord Chatham: to comprehend the force of his eloquence, it was necessary to see and to hear him: his whole delivery was such, as to make the orator a part of his own eloquence: his mind was view'd in his countenance, and so embodied was it in his every look, and gesture, that his words were rather felt than followed; they invested his hearers; the weapons of his opponents fell from their hands; he spoke with the air and vehemence of inspiration, and the very atmosphere flamed around him. Proverbs. 1. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 2 One may be a wise man, and yet not know how to make a watch. 3. A wicked companion invites us to hell. 4. All happiness and misery—is in the mind. 5. A good conscience is excellent divinity. 6. Bear and forbear-is good philosophy. 7. Drunkenness—is a voluntary madness. 8. Envy shoots at others, and wounds herself. 9. Fools lade out the water, and wise men catch the fish. 10. Good preachers give fruits, rather than flowers. 11. Actions are the raiment of the man. 12. Faith is the eye of love. Anecdote. Frederick the Great, of Prussia, an ardent lover of literature and the fine arts, as well as of his people, used to rise at three or four o'clock in the morning to get more time for his studies; and when one of his intimate friends noticed how hard he work ed, he replied,-"It is true, I do work hard,but it is in order to live; for nothing has more resemblance to death, than idleness: of what use is it, to live, if one only vegetates?" To know Wrong Choice. How miserable some people make themselves, by a wrong choice, when they have all the good things of earth before them, out of which to choose! If good judgment be wanting, neither the greatest monarch, nor the repeated smiles of fortune, prince-may become a poor wretch, and the can render such persons happy; hence, a peasant-completely blessed. one's self-is the first degree of sound judg ment; for, by failing rightly to estimate our own capacity, we may undertake-not only what will make us unhappy, but ridiculous. This may be illustrated by an unequal marriage with a person, whose genius, life and temper-will blast the peace of one, or both, forever. The understanding, and not the Varieties. 1. What can the virtues of 120. H is silent at the beginning and end of many words. The hon-est shepherd's ca-tarrh, hum-bles the heir-ess in her dish-a-billes, and hu-mors the thy-my rhet-will-should be our guide. o-ric of his rhymes to rhap-so-dy; the hu mor-some Thom-as ex-plained diph-thongs and triph-thongs to A-bi-jah, Be-ri-ah-Ca- our ancestors profit us, unless we imitate lah, Di-nah, E-li-jah, Ge-rah, Hul-dah, I. them? 2. Why is it, that we are so unwilling sa-iah, Jo-nah, Han-nah, Nin-e-vah, O-ba-to practice a little self-denial for the sake of a di-ah, Pis-gah, Ru-mah, Sa-rah, Te-rah, Uri-ah, Va-ni-ah, and Ze-lah. wound in a whisper, and proceed to a vocality; shaping the organs Notes. 1. This sound is the material of which all sounds are made, whether vowel or consonant, either by condensation, or modification. To demonstrate this position, commence any to form the one required, if a vowel or voca. consonant, and in a proper way to produce any of the aspirates. 2 Those who are a the abit of omitting the A, when it ought to be pronounced, can such sentences as this; Hi took my 'orse hand went hout to 'unt my 'ogs, hand got hoff my 'orse, hand 'iched im to a hoak tree, hand gave 'im some hoats. 3. It requires more breath to make this sound, than any other in our language; as in producing it, even mildly, the lungs are nearly exhausted of air. It may be reade by whispering the word huh: the higher up, the more scat tering, the lower in the throat, the more condensed, till it becomes Vocal. practice on the preceding and similar examples: and also correct I am well aware, that what is base, No polish-can make sterling-and that vice, future good? 3. The toilet of woman-is too But now, the past is bright to me, and all the future-dears 121. Important Remarks. Every pupil should be required to notice, distinctly, not only all the specific sounds of our language, simple and compound, but also the different and exact positions of the vocal organs, necessary to produce them. The teacher should, unyieldingly, insist upon having these two things faithfully attended to: for success in elocution, and music, absolutely demands it: no one, therefore, should wish to be excused from a full and hearty compliance. Master these elementary principles, and you will have command of all the eams for communicating your thoughts and feelings. Proverbs. 1. Almost, and very nigh, save many a lie. 2. A man may buy even gold too dear. 3. He, that waits for dead men's shoes, may long go barefoot. 4. It is an ill cause, that none dare speak in. 5. If pride were an art, there would be many teachers. 6. Out of sight, out of mind. 7. The whole ocean is made of single drops. 8. There would be no great ones, if there were no little ones. 9. Things unreasonable-are never durable. 10. Time and tide wait for no man. 11. An author's writings are a mixror of his mind. 12. Every one is architect of his own character. In the Truth. How may a person be said to be in the truth? This may be un 122. L has only one sound which is derstood, rationally, by a comparison: we its name-sound. LAY; the say-such a man is in the mercantile busi laird's little fool loudly lauds the ness; by which we mean, that his life-is lily white lamb the live-long that of merchandizing, and is regulated by day; Lemuel Ly ell loves the the laws of his peculiar calling. In like lass-lorn lullaby of the land. manner, we say of a christian, that he is in lord's love-ly la dy, and, with the truth, and in the Lord, when he is in the bliss ful dal li-auce, gen tecl ly listens to true order of his creation; which is to love the low-ly lol-lard's lively song; the law the Lord, with all his heart, and his neighbor yer le-gal-ly, and plain ly tells his luck-less as himself; and to do unto others as he client, that he lit-er-al-ly re-pels the il log would they should do unto him: such a one i-cal re ply of the ul-ly-fy ing legis lais, emphatically, in the truth, and the truth tor, who, in list-less lan guor, lies, and re- makes him free; and this is the only freedom gales hum-self over the el-der blow tea: (not on earth, or in heaven; and any other state is 1-oo-t loot.) abject slavery. 123. Pronounce my, you, your, and that, when emphatic, with the vowels full and open. My harp is as good as yours. He told you, but would not tell me. said he was my friend, not yours. That man related that story. When these words are not emphatic, the sounds of y and u are shortened, the o silent, and u having its second sound, while the a is entirely suppressed. My pen is as bad as my paper. How do you do? Very well; and how do you do? Have you got your book? This is not your book; it is my book. I said that you said, that you told him so. Notes. 1. This vocal lingual de stal sound (from the harynx, tongue and teeth,) is made by pressing the tongue against the upper gums and the roof of the mouth: pronounce the word lo, by prolonging the sound of I; 1-0. 2 Do not let the eye mis leal the car in the comparison of sounds; gay and ghay are alike to the ear, tho' unlike to the eye: so are ph in philosophy and f in folly: the same may be observed of th m thine and thou 3. Never forget the difference between the names of letters, and their respective sounds; weigh their natures, powers and qualities. 4. Notice the dissimilarity between the letters o-n-e, and the word one (wun ;) also e-i-g-h-t, and eight (ate ;) e-n-o-u-g-h, and enuff. Is there not a better way? and is not this that way? 5. L is silent in bn, salve, could, psalm, would, chalk, should, talk, hal-ser (Lav-ser,) fal-con (faw-k'n,) salm-on, folks, malm-sey (da) altods, &c. Anecdote. One Tongue. Milton, the author of Paradise Lost and Regained, was one Jay asked, by a friend of female education, if he did not intend to instruct his daughter m the different languages: "No Sir;" replied Milton," one tongue is sufficient for a woman. Ye despots, too long-did your tyranny hold us But we learn'd, that the links of the chain, that enthraïd us, Varieties. 1. Why is the L, in the word military, like a man's nose? Because, it is between two ii. 2. No one is wise at all times; because every one is finite, and of course, imperfect. 3. Money-is the servant of those, who know how to use it; but the master of those, who do not. 4. Romewas built, 753 years before the christian era; and the Roman empire-terminated 476 years after it; what was its duration? 5. The tales of other times-are like the calm dew of the morning, when the sun is faint on its side, and the lake is settled and blue in the vale. 6. As is the state of mind, such is the reception, operation, production, and manifestation-of all that is received. 7. Ends of actions show the quality of life; natural men ever regard natural ends; but spiritual men—spiritual ones. Changing, forever changing!-So depart |