58 WAR ANTI-CHRISTIAN AND UNNATURAL. Then like an Até, bent on deeds of ill, And scarce had Earth smil'd to the new-born sun, Centre in the moral world? Shall matter Move by reg'lar laws around some central When lo! sweet notes are heard, and music fills "My peace I leave:" through all the world proclaim The joyful news. The Gospel is the law Of love; it is the ethics of the skies; O, WHAT a glory doth this world put on For him who, with a fervent heart, goes forth THE FUTURE. THE FUTURE. BY A. HILL. DARK and portentous Future, in thy womb Is black as midnight, when no star appears. Although so dark-"dark through excess of light”— What wonder then, If man's weak brain should whirl, and giddy turn, He could not "see thee face to face and live." * There have been holy men, in ages past, Who, favored much, and highly prized of heaven, Those days are past. With fear. The real, veritable now- And they will come, The monster king shall hold his last sad feastAll, all shall come; and thou, with each and all, Grave settlement must have. O, thrilling hour! When crime his victim meets, and man his God. www 59 TO THE MEMORY OF DR. FISHBACK. BY MRS. LAWSON. "If it be sad to speak of treasures gone, How shall we mourn thee-sainted one! That earth may not efface. Bring garlands-hang his resting place Bring music from a thrilling strain, All hushed its tuneful strings; Thanks be to God who gave thee thus The highest style of mortal mold In thee we saw combined; And when we reach th' immortal shores, Like spirits we shall find. O, in eternities bright morn, The ransomed gathered home! Earth's benefactor shalt thou stand, In peace before the throne. NOTICES. NOTICES. THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. The Text divided into Chapters, with an Introduction, &c. By Stephen B. Wickens. New York: Lane & Tippett. THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, with a Life of J. Bunyan. By R. Southey, Esq., LL. D. New York: Harper & Brothers. Mr. Cheever's lectures upon Bunyan seem to have created an increased demand for the Pilgrim's Progress. Many new editions have been published; some of them in such elegant style as to attract the eyes of the fashionable, and secure an honorable position upon the centre-tables of the rich. There is a class of readers who look more at the outside than the inside of a book, and who, by the attractions of gilt edges, good engravings, and Turkey morocco, can be made to seize upon works which they once discarded as too gross for a refined taste. Glad are we, then, to see the Pilgrim's Progress in good dress. A few days since we sat down, for the first time, to the perusal of this noted work; and we would say much about it, but for the consideration that what is new to ourselves, is, perhaps, old even to our youngest reader. We limit ourselves, therefore, to a few general remarks. 61 for a minister's theology. This is encouraging to ourselves. Though we are fond of learning, and are striving, with at least sufficient zeal, to increase our little stock, and encourage our juniors in the ministry to do likewise; and although we entertain the hope that the time is not distant when every Methodist minister will be a respectable scholar, yet, in regard to systematic theology, we confess our knowledge is very limited, and that we have no desire to extend it. When the Almighty makes a system of divinity, we will study it. As for commentaries, we have but part of one: that was presented to us by a friend, and it is kept as a memento. When we can be persuaded that four or five hundred weight of books is necessary to enable us to understand the Bible, we shall pray to the divine Being to give us a new edition, revised and enlarged; for if supreme wisdom has failed to make a book intelligible to mortal, can we expect that fallible wisdom can make a commentary sufficiently luminous to explain it? May we not fear that, in the effort, commentary will succeed commentary ad infinitum? If God will forgive the world for the theology and commentaries it has already made, it ought surely to promise to make no more. When the Jews neglected the Old Testament, and relied upon the commentaries of their Rabbis, they became blind to the prophecies, deaf to the precepts, and insensible to the spirit of religion. When the Church Notwithstanding the opinion of some critics, we think the second part as much inferior to the first as is Paradise Regained to Paradise Lost. Bunyan's other religious tracts and parables have passed into merited oblivion. "Virtue" appears to have passed out of him after wri-neglected the Bible, and trusted to studious and learned ting Pilgrim's Progress. monks to explain it to her, she sunk down into the dark ages. Important theological errors generally originate at the famed seats of theological lore. We do not wish to be understood that the scholar has no advantages in the study of the Scriptures, and we think that every minister would do well to acquaint himself with the languages in which they were originally written, and study Biblical antiquities with diligence and care. We are far from insinuating that the Bible requires no in We can see no benefit in the notes appended to the work. Excrescences have an inferior life to that of the animal on which they grow. So, generally, with notes to a book. Moreover, they break the train of thought, reduce the temperature of feeling, and are at once an inconvenience and a deformity. This edition is like a man covered with tumors and warts that weigh half as much as his body. As for illustrations, we think they might be dispensed with. The book itself is all illus-vestigation. Let the minister apply himself carefully tration. Though fiction, it is not only harmless, but calculated to make a deep religious impression. It is but an expansion of our Savior's parable of the sower and the seed; and with admirable skill does it delineate the various classes of Christians which that parable presents. Hopeful, Christian, Talkative, and many others, are well conceived and well sustained. There are faults in the style and the language, incongruities in the allegory, and discrepancies in the plot; but they are scarce noticeable, so abounding and charming are the excellences. Vain would be the efforts of criticism to condemn the work. It has stood the test of ages, and passed unrivaled through hosts of imitators. It is tinctured with enthusiasm and bigotry; but when we consider the ignorance in which the author was reared, the character of the times in which he lived, and the persecutions which he suffered at the period he was writing, we are astonished that it does not manifest more that is objectionable. and prayerfully to sound its depths. Let him bring into requisition all the aids at his command; but let not his mind be warped by a previous study of "systems of divinity," or cramped by the commentaries of one who has written with a particular system in his eye. We believe that a man of no critical learning can educe from the Bible every thing essential to salvation, and we think Wesley was right when he sent forth holy, sensible men, conscious of a call to preach, having only King James' translation of the holy Scriptures, from which to draw their lessons. Familiar with its narratives, penetrated with its mysteries, wrapped in the vision of its seers, and imbued with the spirit of its author, they, like Bunyan, could perform the highest functions of the ministry as with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven. While Protestants contend that the Bible is the rule of faith, and condemn the Catholic because he makes the voice of the Church that rule, they should be careful not to set up a rule far worse-the systematic divinity of particular sects. We would by no means discard works illustrating the cardinal doctrines of the Bible, which lie upon its surface, and are essential to The work is full of sound thought and divinity. Coleridge has denominated it the best summa theologia evangelicæ ever produced by a writer not divinely in-salvation; but we do think the prayerful study of the spired. Yet Bunyan was no divine in the ordinary acceptation of the term. A poor ignorant soldier, he relied upon common sense and the Bible for his theology. Behold a striking illustration of an important truth! The human heart and the Bible are sufficient heart and the Bible is of itself sufficient to make a useful minister of any man called of God to preach the Gospel. Still a knowledge of science, literature, and the world may make him more useful by extending the sphere of his operation, and giving him variety in illustration. We hope never to see the day, when the Church shall try her ministers more by their literary and theological attainments, than by their gifts, their graces, and their fruits. Ministers cannot be made by "cramming." Better they should be taught to reflect, observe, and pray-to acquire knowledge less by conning than ad rem-less by memory than by rationale. Then will they know things as well as words. Much is said, at this period, about union of the Protestant Churches. The only sure way to produce a lasting union, is to pay less attention to systematic theology and more to the Bible. This will attract our attention from the non-essentials to the fundamentals, and bring us to seek more of that grace which establishes and unites. Alas! alas! how we talk! The world will not hear us. Men will continue, with few exceptions, to go to the Bible, not to learn, but to have their peculiar notions confirmed; and yet they ridicule the alchemists who first determined to find the elixir of immortality, the universal solvent, and the philosopher's stone, and then spent all their lives in fruitless efforts to make nature yield to them what she never contained. A LECTURE ON DRUNKENNESS AND INSANITY. By M. B. Wright, M. D., Professor, &c., in the Medical College of Ohio.-This lecture is a defense of the principle laid down at the close of an article in the August number of this periodical, and controverted by Professor Harrison in the November number. We have read it with much pleasure. Its author generally states his positions clearly, and maintains them by forcible arguments, expressed in perspicuous language, and a style neither destitute of ornament nor encumbered with it. comes garrulous, and discloses peculiarities and thoughts, which in his sober moments he carefully conceals. There is a third stage, characterized by dizziness, considerable loss of consciousness, and want of due control over the muscular system. A fourth and last stage is marked by extinguishment of consciousness and apoplectic sleep. Why did not the Doctor precisely define what he means by drunkenness? Insanity, we suppose, is used by Professor Wright in the generic sense. He does not, however, say whether he wishes drunkenness to be considered a distinct species of insanity, or identified with dementia, mania, or some other acknowledged form. Until we have defined the terms of a proposition, it is impossible to determine whether they agree. If the term insanity be understood in its etymological import, that is, unsoundness or unhealthiness of mind, and if drunkenness be confined to those stages of inebriety in which the mind is considerably disordered, "drunkenness is insanity." But the term insanity is a technical word, and is doubtless so used by the Professor, who, if we understand him, thinks the drunkard is to be treated morally, legally, and medically as a lunatic. If we misapprehend him, the controversy is a merely verbal one: if not, we differ with him. Now it must be admitted that insanity is often induced by intemperance; that it often causes intemperance; and that there is a distinct form of it denominated, from the bottle, mania a potu, which evidently renders the individual non compos, and fit for the madhouse. It must be conceded, also, that there is an analogy between the respective symptoms of drunkenness and insanity. But is there not a broad distinction between the two conditions, as usually described? Can the drunkard be held and treated as a maniac, morally? The maniac is unaccountable. Is the drunk His present object is to show that drunkenness is insanity. We should be better pleased with this lecture were it more discriminating. Drunkenness has several stages. It is defined an immoderate indulgence in some intoxicating liquor. But what is an immoderate indulgence? What group of symptoms is essential to drunkenness? When gentlemen grow "warm in wine," and feel an increased activity of the bodily and mental powers, particularly the tongue and fancy, are they drunk? If so, and Dr. Wright's position be correct, it may appear that the foundations of our civil institutions and the best pages of our literature are to be ascribed to the insane, and that our government, at present, is under the management of persons deranged. Do not let us be understood as in favor of wine drinking, when we advert to the lamentable fact, that in many parts of the civilized world physicians practice, lawyers plead, statesmen legislate, and even clergymen preach, under the stimulus of the wine-cup. There is another stage of drinking, in which the individual loses his sense of propriety, be 1. Let us consult conscience. In the organization which God has set up within the soul, there is a principle which approves when we do intentional right, and reproves when we do intentional wrong. Where is the drunkard whose conscience leaves him at ease? The maniac may kill, the melancholist may attempt suicide, but neither are pierced by the stings of conscience, either while committing these violations of law or subsequently reflecting on them. If the drunkard were irre{sistibly inclined to drink, either by illusion or impulse, would his conscience kindle the fires of remorse? 2. The common sense of mankind. When did mankind satirize and reproach the maniac, or fail to satirize and reproach the drunkard? We have heard the lover and the poet ranked with the lunatic, but never, until recently, the drunkard. When the wise men of New England met to consider the means of reforming society from its intemperate habits, they proceeded upon the presumption that the inebriate is competent to subdue his propensity for intoxication. Though Samuel Dexter, Ex-Secretary of the Treasury, Nathan Dane, author of the ordinance of 1787, and Isaac Parker, Chief Justice of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, presided successively over the Massachusetts Temperance Society, during the first few years of its existence, they did not venture to suggest that it was based on a wrong principle, and that lunatic establishments were the proper instruments of the temperance reformation. These, however, were temperate men, and had no experience in regard to intoxication. How, then, did the Wash |