General PASCHALL. No, sir. They have one Skynet satellite, which is up now. The United States launched it for them. They have their own Earth stations, and we have quid pro quo arrangements wherein we share, we get some of their use, part of the capacity of their Earth stations and can use some of their satellite power and vice versa. We do the same with the NATO satellite. Senator YOUNG. What do you mean by Earth stations? General PASCHALL. That is the ground radio station with the big antenna that looks up at the satellite. SIZE AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF DCA Senator YOUNG. What is the size and organization of the Defense Communications Agency? General PASCHALL. The fiscal year 1976 manpower authorization for the Defense Communications Agency is 3,311 (1,610 military and 1,701 civilian positions). The Agency includes a headquarters, with major staff elements (administration, comptroller, and personnel) and line directorates (plans and programs, operations, military satellite communications systems, technical support to the National Military Command System, and systems engineering). The field activities include: (1) The White House Communications Agency, which provides direct communications support to the President of the United States and his immediate staff wherever they are located; (2) the Defense Commercial Communications Office, which procures leased communications circuits, services, facilities and equipment for the Department of Defense, where authorized, and for other Government agencies as directed; (3) the Defense Communications Engineering Center whose range of activities encompass future communications systems engineering, survivability, research and development, subsystem and project engineering, and standards and engineering support to the operating DCS to include quick response assistance to field activities with special problems; (4) the DCA Operations Control Complex, which maintains continuous surveillance over the operating DCS within assigned geographical areas of the world (Western Hemisphere, Europe, and Pacific). The capstone of this group of activities is the DCA Operations Center, collocated with the headquarters. (5) the DCA National Military Command System Support Center (NMCSSC) operates the computer facilities of the National Military Command Center and the Alternate National Military Command Center. It provides computer driven display and remote query capabilities and distribution systems as required, and furnishes direct-automatic data processing (ADP) support to the command centers of the NMCS and to certain offices of the Joint Staff and Secretary of Defense which utilize NMCS data bases and applications software. The NMCSSC also prepares analyses of attack hazards and vulnerabilities of forces and resources on a worldwide basis. (6) The DCA joint technical support activity (JTSA) provides centralized technical support to the JCS, the services and defense agencies, the unified and specified commands, and other activities that comprise the WWMCCS standard ADP community. This technical support includes the planning, design, development, maintenance, test, and evaluation of WWMCCS system software and other JCS-assigned standard software, as well as system configuration management support. DCA MISSION Senator YoUNG. What is the mission of DCA, and how are the service responsibilities determined to prevent duplication? General PASCHALL. The mission of the Defense Communications Agency is to (a) Perform system engineering for the Defense Communications System (DCS) and insure that the DCS is planned, improved, operated, maintained, and managed effectively, efficiently, and economically to meet the long-haul, point-to-point, and switched network telecommunications requirements of the National Command Authorities (NCA), the DOD, and as authorized and directed, other governmental agencies. (b) Provide system engineering and technical support to the national military command system (NMCS) and the minimum essential emergency communications network (MEECN). Provide other engineering and technical support to the worldwide. military command and control system (WWMCCS), as assigned. (c) Perform system architect functions for current and future military satellite communications (Milsatcom) systems. (d) Provide analytical and automated data processing (ADP) support to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of Defense, and other DOD components as directed and authorized. (e) Procure leased communications circuits, services, facilities, and equipment for the DOD, where authorized, and for other Government agencies as directed, by the Secretary of Defense. Initiate or process actions relating to regulatory and tariff matters, including rates for communications facilities leased by the DOD. Responsibilities between the services and DCA are assigned in such a manner as to avoid duplication. Effective coordination further precludes duplication. The division of responsibilities between the different elements of the Department of Defense for WWMCCS and DCS activities is best illustrated by outlining "What Others Do" and "What DCA Does." (a) Responsibilities for WWMCCS: WHAT OTHERS DO WHAT DCA DOES 1. JCS states NMCS technical support 1. (a) DCA provides NMCS system operational requirements. (b) engineering. DCA determines best means of meeting requirements, develops plans for accomplishing technical support requirements, and provides technical project management. (c) DCA field activity provides ADP operational support. 2. JCS manages MEECN, coordinates 2. DCA provides MEECN system engiactions with MILDEPS/CINCS. neering. 3. JCS/WWMCCS elements state ADP 3. DCA field activities develop software, technical support requirements. provide ADP installation support and technical assistance to WWMCCS. (b) Responsibilities for DCS: WHAT OTHERS DO WHAT DCA DOES 1. JCS, CINCS and MILDEPS state the 1. DCA determines best means of requirements. meeting requirements. 2. SECDEF approves DCA-developed 2. DCA develops plans for system implans. provements and evolution. DCA performs overall system engineering. 3. MILDEPS accomplish detailed proj- 3. ect engineering and implementation. 4. MILDEPs budget, fund, man, and 4. DCA establishes standards and operate DCS facilities. evaluates system operation. 5. JCS sets priorities for system use. 5. DCA directs manner of use. CHAIN OF COMMAND FOR DCA REPORTING Senator YOUNG. Does the Director of DCA report to the Secretary of Defense or the Joint Chiefs of Staff? General PASCHALL. The chain of command runs from the Secretary of Defense through the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Director, DCA. However, guidance to the Director, DCA, may be furnished by the Secretary of Defense or by the Joint Chiefs of Staff by authority and direction of the Secretary of Defense. Chairman MCCLELLAN. Thank you very much, sir. QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY CHAIRMAN M'CLELLAN I have a few more questions, but I think I'll have you submit them for the record. Without objection, they will be inserted at this point in the record. [The questions and answers follow:] DCA-SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FACILITY Chairman MCCLELLAN. Why has funding for the Defense Communications Agency-Systems Engineering Facility been transferred to this appropriation from the Research and Development appropriation? General PASCHALL. During FY 1974, the DCA-Systems Engineering Facility (DCA-SEF) and the Defense Communications Engineering Office (DCEO) were combined into the Defense Communications Engineering Center. The DCA-SEF, an R&D funded engineering organization, concentrated on long range plans for the post 1985 era. The DCEO, an O&M funded activity, had as its primary mission, near-term engineering of the DCS. In an effort to streamline our engineering organization, we combined these two activities into the Defense Communications Engineering Center and for economical administration, we are funding the entire organization out of O&M which is the predominant account. INCREASED COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT Chairman MCCLELLAN. Explain what increased communications support of the President will be provided by Defense Communications Agency in FY 1976. General PASCHALL. The increase in communications support is primarily related to the increased activity which experience indicates we should expect during Presidential campaign years. Using fiscal year 1972 as a guide, a ten percent increase can be expected in fiscal year 1976 over 1975 to support the higher level of activity. In addition we are including for the first time a realistic estimate of requirements to support the National Security Advisor. INCREASES DUE TO INFLATION Chairman MCCLELLAN. Defense Communications Agency shows increases of about $1 million for "inflation from fall of 1973 to fall of 1974." In what categories of services/expense elements does the increase fall-identify. 49-101 O 75-54 General PASCHALL. The increase of $990 thousand is to catch up with previous year price increases. The following are the expense elements in which the increased costs are reflected: (Thousands) Supplies and equipment (Our predominant cost in supplies is for paper and paper products. The costs in these areas have skyrocketed. For example, some types of computer paper have increased 400 percent. All other kinds of supplies and equipment have increased an average of 17 percent) $598 Other purchased services (Increased cost per man-year of contractual effort) 335 Printing and reproduction (Higher cost of paper and increases in printer's 40 17 Total DCA CONTRACTS 990 Chairman MCCLELLAN. With whom is the Defense Communications Agency contract for support of the Advanced Airborne Command Post, Nuclear Operations Monitoring System and the NMCS Information and Display System. Is the $1 million increase already negotiated, or estimated. What caused this increase? General PASCHALL. The $1 million effort in support of the Advanced Airborne Command Post, Nuclear Operations Monitoring System and the NMCS Information and Display System is to meet new requirements and is not an increase in previously planned efforts DCA is responsible for ADP support to the NMCS. The AABNCP effort will be to begin the development of computer programs on the ground based NMCS computers to enable them to interact with the AABNCP being acquired by the USAF. The Nuclear Operations Monitoring System activity will make those changes in computer programs required to support changes in policy with respect to nuclear weapons employment. The NMCS Information and Display System (NIDS) is to improve the capability of the NMCC to review, file, retrieve, process, integrate, and display dynamic command and control and intelligence data. This is a new capability and the effort will provide a functional description, and software and hardware specifications. No contracts have been negotiated and while final determination of contractors has not taken place, portions of the effort will be done by Computer Sciences Corporation and System Development Corporation because the requirements call for extensions to computer programs previously produced by them. JTSA CONTRACT COSTS Chairman MCCLELLAN. Explain the $2.2 million increase in contract costs of the JTSA to support growth of the WWMCCS ADP community. Are these support/ contract costs projected to continue increasing-if so at what rate during the next five years? General PASCHALL. Standard commercial software does not meet unique military command and control requirements; therefore, a significant number of enhancements or improvements must be made to the commercial version to fulfill operational requirements. These changes necessitate contractual support. The volume of enhancements required is increasing coincident with increasing utilization of ADP by the WWMCCS community. This increased utilization contributes to the discovery of shortcomings of the commercial software and the need for additional contractual support to modify the software with minimum disruption to the users. Because of the growth in ADP use and support software and the anticipated requirements to test, evaluate, improve and modify, it is anticipated that contractual support requirements will increase significantly in FY 1977 (approximately 40%). However, for the ensuing four years, costs are projected to stablize at about the FY 1977 level. QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY SENATOR THURMOND Chairman MCCLELLAN. Senator Thurmond was unable to attend today's hearing, but he has given me some questions for you. Will you please respond to those for the record? [The questions and answers follow:] LEASE AND RENT COST INCREASES Senator THURMOND. General Paschall, explain for the record the nature of the increases in lease and rent costs cited in your statement. General PASCHALL. The increases in lease costs are for communications leases to finance local telephone and subscriber rate increases. Our rent increases are for reimbursement to GSA for building occupancy costs. COMPUTER USE Senator THURMOND. General, could you comment on the justification for the higher rate of use of the ADP computers by the Joint Chiefs and others? General PASCHALL. The increased rate of use of ADP equipment by the JCS is the result of their continuing recognition of the potential of the computer to assist in the analysis of rapidly developing operational situations. Many more functions are now being performed by means of computers today than ever before. These include more detailed considerations of alternative responses to crisis problems, operational planning, international negotiation support (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), Mutual Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR)), and simulation of various tactical and strategic situations-all of which require significantly large amounts of computer time. This greater utilization of computer support analysis has also required more extensive detail and volume of data to support these functions. Acquisition and manipulation of these supporting data have further amplified the computer demands. JUSTIFICATION FOR PROPOSED INCREASE Senator THURMOND. What is the justification for the proposed 50% increase in FY 1976? General PASCHALL. The increase in terminal usage by the NMCS users is a reflection of improvements in the state-of-the-art of the computer industry as a whole. A display terminal provides a more effective man-machine interface than the more traditional batch methods. It gives faster response and more efficient usage of analyst's time. Recent technological developments which have increased the speed of hardware in general, and decreased costs per unit of processing capacity have made these terminal capabilities possible. NMCS users are primarily analysts who must retrieve, aggregate, and present data in response to command requests. They are highly skilled in their fields, and have, over the recent years, become aware of the fact that the use of terminals is not only effective, but contributes to both the accuracy and the timeliness of response. The terminal allows the user a range of options, whereby he can evaluate alternatives to varying situations. The terminal allows him to retrieve and aggregate information from a data base, display it, evaluate the output and then repeat the process if required. This ability to respond in what is often called "real time" is necessary in answering the kind of questions posed to the NMCS. The establishment of the WWMCCS Standard ADP Program recognized this need for on-line terminal response and along with the efficiencies of standardization was a primary factor in computer selection. As the system is now becoming operational following the extended conversion period such terminals are essential to provision of the responsive support for which the WWMCCS ADP systems was designed and procured. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Senator THURMOND. General, I note you are requesting $29 million for R&D. Are you developing and testing your own equipment, or is this for improvement of current equipment? General PASCHALL. The bulk of DCA's R&D funds is used for conducting studies in support of our DCS, satellite communication and WWMCCS-related planning activities; performing system engineering for the NMCS, MEECN, and DCS (including the DSCS); developing a prototype intercomputer network in support of WWMCCS; and developing new software techniques. A small amount of our R&D funds, approximately $2.8 million, is used for developing and testing prototype hardware and testing commercial equipment. The development of equipment for the inventory is conducted by the Military Departments using their own funds. The above distinction also applies to improvement of current equipment |