ii

Roman fleet. That it is a matter of great difficulty to stop
the passage of good ships. The Romans, by reason of
grievous losses received under Claudius and Junius their
consuls, abandon the seas again
SECT. XI.-The city of Eryx is surprised by the Romans,
and recovered by Hamilcar, who stoutly holds war with
them five years. The Romans, having emptied their com.
mon treasury, build a new fleet at the charges of private
men. The great victory at sea of Luctatius the consul,
whereby the Carthaginians are forced to crave peace.
The conditions of the peace between Rome and Car-
thage.......

PAGE

63

73

CHAP. II.

Of divers actions passing between the first and second Punic

wars.

SECT. I.-Of the cruel war begun between the Carthaginians
and their own mercenaries ...................

80

SECT. II.-Divers observations upon this war with the mer-

cenaries.......

91

(1.) Of tyranny ; and how tyrants are driven to use help of

ib.

mercenaries...

....

(2.) That the tyranny of a city over her subjects is worse
than the tyranny of one man; and that a tyrannical city
must likewise use mercenary soldiers.....
(3.) The dangers growing from the use of mercenary sol.
diers and foreign auxiliaries....................................
(4.) That the moderate government of the Romans gave
them assurance to use the service of their own subjects in
the wars.
That in man's nature there is an affection
breeding tyranny, which hindereth the use and benefit of
the like moderation
SECT. III.-How the war against the mercenaries was di
versely managed by Hanno and Hamilcar with variable
success. The bloody counsels of the mercenaries, and
their final destruction
SECT. IV. How the mercenaries of the Carthaginians that
were in Sardinia rebelled, and were afterwards driven out
by the islanders. The faithless dealing of the Romans with
the Carthaginians, in taking from them Sardinia, contrary
to the peace

94

98

102

112

... 128

SECT. V. How the affairs of Carthage went, between the
· African rebellion and the second Punic war.

132

SECT. VI. The estate of Greece from the death of Pyrrhus
to the reign of Philip, the son of Demetrius, in Mace-
don

SECT. VII.-How the Illyrians infested the coast of Greece;
and how they were subdued by the Romans.....
SECT. VIII. Of the war between the Romans and the
Gauls, somewhat before the coming of Hannibal into
Italy...........

PAGE

CHAP. III.

Of the second Punic war.

SECT. I.-The wars of Hannibal in Spain. Quarrels be
tween the Romans and Carthaginians.

Hannibal be-
siegeth and taketh Saguntum, whilst the Romans are
busied with the Illyrians. War proclaimed between
Rome and Carthage ...........

200

203

207

***** 187
SECT. II.-Hannibal takes order for the defence of Spain
and Africa. His journey into Italy ........
SECT. III.-How the Romans in vain solicited the Spaniards
and Gauls to take their part. The rebellion of the Cisal-
pine Gauls against the Romans ..........
SECT. IV. Scipio the Roman consul overcome by Hanni.
bal at Ticinum. Both of the Roman consuls beaten by
Hannibal in a great battle at Trebia ....
SECT. V. The departure of Hannibal from the Cisalpine
Gauls into Etruria. Flaminius, the Roman consul, slain,
and his army destroyed by the Carthaginians, at the lake
of Thrasymene .....
SECT. VI. How Q. Fabius, the Roman dictator, sought to
consume the force of Hannibal by lingering war. Minu
tius, the master of the horse, honoured and advanced by
the people, for bold and successful attempting; adventures
rashly upon Hannibal, and is like to perish with his ar-
my, but rescued by Fabius ..................
SECT. VII.-The Roman people, desirous to finish the war
quickly, choose a rash and unworthy consul. Great
forces levied against Hannibal. Hannibal taketh the Ro-
mans' provisions in the castle of Cannæ. The new con-
suls set forth against Hannibal.....................................
........ 239
SECT. VIII-Dissension between the two Roman consuls.
Whether it be likely that Hannibal was upon the point
of flying out of Italy, when the Romans pressed him to
fight. The great battle at Cannæ
SECT. IX.-Of things following the battle at Cannæ.................... 266

226

SECT. X.-Of the great supply that was decreed at Car.
thage to be sent to Hannibal in Italy. How, by the ma
lice of Hanno, and sloth or parsimony of the Carthagini.
ans, the supply was too long deferred. That the riches
of the Carthaginians grew faster than of the Romans. Of
Fabius and other old Roman historians, how partial they
were in their writings
SECT. XI.-Strange reports of the Roman victories in
Spain, before Asdrubal, the son of Hamilcar, followed
thence his brother Hannibal into Italy

SECT. XII.-The great troubles that Hannibal raised in all
quarters to the city of Rome. Posthumius, the Roman
general, with his whole army, is slain by the Gauls. Phi-
lip, king of Macedon, enters into a league with Hanni-
bal against the Romans. The Romans, joining with the
Etolians, make war upon Philip in Greece; and after-
wards conclude a peace with him, the better to intend
their business against the Carthaginians.....

PAGE

286

29'7

324

SECT. XIII.-How the Romans began to recover their
strength by degrees. The noble affection of the Romans,
in relieving the public necessities of their commonweal... 342
SECT. XIV. -The Romans win some towns back from Han-
nibal. Hannibal wins Tarentum. The siege of Capua.
Two victories of Hannibal. The journey of Hannibal to
the gates of Rome. Capua taken by the Romans.
SECT. XV.-How the Carthaginians, making a party in
Sardinia and Sicily, held war against the Romans in those
islands, and were overcome.........................

SECT. XVI.-How the war passed between the Romans and
Hannibal in Italy, from the taking of Capua to the great
victory at Metaurus

356

382

416

452

ib.

477

SECT. XVII.-How P. Cornelius Scipio, the Roman,
made entire conquest of Spain.........
(1.) How the Carthaginians were driven by Scipio, from
the continent into the isle of Gades..........
(2.) Funeral games held by Scipio. A duel between two
Spanish princes. A digression concerning duels......... 461
(3.) The last acts of Scipio in Spain. His return to Rome,
where he is chosen consul........
SECT. XVIII-Scipio obtains leave to make war in Africa.
His preparations. Of Masinissa, who joined with Scipio.
The victories against Asdrubal and Syphax
SECT. XIX.-The Carthaginians desire truce, and break it 514
SECT. XX.-In what sort Hannibal spent the time after the
battle of Metaurus. The doings of Mago in Italy. Han-
nibal and Mago called out of Italy, How the Romans
were diversly affected by Hannibal's departure............ 522

481

PAGE

SECT. XXI.-Hannibal in Africa prepares to fight with
Scipio; treats with him about peace in vain; loseth a bat-
tle at Nadagara; and persuades the Carthaginians to sue
for peace. Of the peace granted from Rome to Carthage 528

CHAP. IV.

Of Philip, the father of Perseus, king of Macedon; his first
acts and war with the Romans, by whom he was subdued.

SECT. I.-How the Romans grew acquainted in the east
countries, and desirous of war there. The beginning of
many princes, with great wars, at one time. The Eto-
lians over-run Peloponnesus. Philip and his associates
make war against the Ætolians. Alteration of the state
in Sparta. The Ætolians invade Greece and Macedon;
and are invaded at home by Philip
.......... 553
SECT. II.-How Philip was misadvised by ill counsellors,
who afterwards wrought treason against him, and were
justly punished. He invadeth the Etolians a second
time, and forceth them to sue for peae, which is granted

unto them

SECT. III.-Philip, at the persuasion of Demetrius Pharius,
enters into league with Hannibal against the Romans.
The tenor of the league between Hannibal and Philip 588
SECT. IV. How Philip yielded to his natural vices, being
therein soothed by Demetrius Pharius. His desire to
tyrannize upon the free states his associates, with the
troubles into which he thereby fell, whilst he bore a part
in the second Punic war. He poisoneth Arratus, and
grows hateful to the Achæans

591