GAUNT on a couch; the DUKE OF YORK, and others standing by him. GAUNT. Will the king come? that I may breathe my last In wholesome counsel to his unstaid youth. YORK. Vex not yourself, nor strive not with your breath; GAUNT. O, but they say, the tongues of dying men Enforce attention, like deep harmony: Where words are scarce, they are seldom spent in vain; Than they whom youth and ease have taught to glose; (As the last taste of sweets is sweetest,) last, Where doth the world thrust forth a vanity, "T is breath thou lack'st, and that breath wilt thou lose. GAUNT. Methinks I am a prophet new inspir'd; And thus, expiring, do foretell of him: His rash fierce blaze of riot cannot last; For violent fires soon burn out themselves; Small showers last long, but sudden storms are short; He tires betimes, that spurs too fast betimes; Consuming means, soon preys upon itself. The ordinary reading of this passage is as follows: "The setting sun, and music at the close, As the last taste of sweets, is sweetest last; We have adopted the change in the punctuation which was suggested by Monck Mason; by which slight alteration the word last, at the end of the second line, is read as a verb, of which the sun and music form the nominative case. All the ancient copies read infection. In 'England's Parnassus' (1600), where the passage is quoted, we read intestion. Farmer suggested the substitution of infestion, which Malone has adopted. Infestion is taken, by Malone, to be an abbreviation of infestation, in the same way that, in Bishop Hall, acception is used for acceptation. Infestation appears to have designated those violent incursions of an enemy—those annoying, joy-depriving (infestus) ravages—to which an unprotected frontier is peculiarly exposed; and from which the sea, "as a moat defensive to a house," shut out "this scepter'd isle." Still, infection, being a word of which there can be no doubt of the meaning, is to be preferred, if we can be content to receive the idea in a limited sense-that the sea in some sort kept out pestilence, though not absolutely. This happy breed of men, this little world; This precious stone set in the silver sea, Or as a moat defensive to a house, Against the envy of less happier lands; This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England, (For Christian service, and true chivalry,) As is the sepulchre in stubborn Jewry Of the world's ransom, blessed Mary's son: This land of such dear souls, this dear dear land, Enter KING RICHARD and QUEEN; AUMERLE, BUSHY, GREEN, BAGOT, YORK. The king is come: deal mildly with his youth; For young hot colts, being rag'd, do rage the more. QUEEN. How fares our noble uncle, Lancaster? K. RICH. What comfort, man? How is 't with aged Gaunt? Old Gaunt, indeed; and gaunt in being old: Within me grief hath kept a tedious fast; Pelting. Whatever doubts there may be as to the origin of this word, its application is perfectly clear. It invariably means something petty-of little worth. The "pelting farm" in this passage, and "the poor pelting villages" of Lear, would leave no doubt as to its use. In 'Measure for Measure' we have, "Could great men thunder As Jove himself does, Jove would ne'er be quiet, For every pelting, petty officer Would use his heaven for thunder." The pleasure that some fathers feed upon Whose hollow womb inherits nought but bones. Since thou dost seek to kill my name in me, I mock my name, great king, to flatter thee. O, had thy grandsire, with a prophet's eye, Possess'd. The second possess'd in this sentence is used in the same way in which Maria speaks of Malvolio, in 'Twelfth Night:'-" He is, sure, possessed, madam." This is the reading of the folio of 1623. So the folio. The first quarto reads thus: Dar'st with thy frozen admonition Make pale our cheek; chasing the royal blood, With fury, from his native residence. Now by my seat's right royal majesty, Wert thou not brother to great Edward's son, This tongue, that runs so roundly in thy head, Should run thy head from thy unreverend shoulders. That blood already, like the pelican, Hast thou tapp'd out, and drunkenly carous'd: Live in thy shame, but die not shame with thee !- [Exit, borne out by his Attendants. To wayward sickliness and age in him: He loves you, on my life, and holds you dear As Harry duke of Hereford, were he here. K. RICH. Right; you say true: as Hereford's love, so his: As theirs, so mine; and all be as it is. Enter NORTHUMBERLAND. NORTH. My liege, old Gaunt commends him to your majesty. NORTH. Nay, nothing; all is said: His tongue is now a stringless instrument; Words, life, and all, old Lancaster hath spent. YORK. Be York the next that must be bankrupt so! Though death be poor, it ends a mortal woe. • Crooked age. It has been suggested that age here means Time; and that crooked age is not bending age, but Time armed with a crook, by which name a sickle was anciently called. The natural meaning of the passage seems to be, like bent old age, which crops the flower of life. |