and concurred in by the house. So this resolution has [ finally passed. The house then resolved itself into a committee of the whole house, Mr. McDuffie in the chair, and resumed the consideration of the report of the committee of elections, in the case of Thomas D. Arnold and Pryor Lee. The petitioner was conducted by the sergeant at arms to the place assigned to him within the bar of the house; when Mr. Arnold resumed his remarks, and, after having occupied the attention of the committee about two hours, concluded. Mr. Standifer, Mr. Buchanan, and Mr. Polk severally addressed the committee in reply to some observations which were made by the petitioner during the course of his argument. On motion by Mr. Lea, the committee then rose, rereported progress, and obtained leave to sit again. The electoral laws of Tennessee were, on motion of Mr. Tagor, of New York, ordered to be printed, for the use of his house. [By most of the gentlemen from Georgia, and by Mr. ed that the language of the petition was highly disre Drayton, of South Carolina, particularly, it was contendspectful and indecorous towards a sovereign state of the union, and that it would be sanctioning the indecorum to receive the petition and dispose of it in the ordinary mode, which they strenuously opposed. Moreover, that the attention of congress had been called to the subject by the quiry and investigation by the proper committee; and that president of the U. States, and was now undergoing inthis memorial was in fact nothing more than an argument no action on the part of the house, &c. &c. against the views of the chief magistrate, and demanded the petition was not indecorous towards Georgia, because On the other hand, it was argued that the language of ment to avert, was hypothetical and suppositious; that the injustice which it deprecated and invoked the governa right to address to their representatives on a subject the language was strong indeed, but such as freemen had which they deemed of national concernment; that, even it it were indecorous towards one of the states of the memorial, inasmuch as indecorum in its language towards union, that was not sufficient to justify the rejection of the congress could alone justify congress in refusing to receive it; that the right of petition was a sacred right, and should not be curtailed or denied without the clearest and most indisputable grounds for such a step, &c. &c.] ing on resolutions submitted, which we shall notice in Some time was occupied in receiving reports and acttheir progress-when the speaker laid before the house a letter from the secretary of war, transmitting the correspondence which had taken place between the department and the executive of Georgia, within the last three years, relative to the depredations of the Creek Indians upon the property of the frontier inhabitants of that state, The house took up the resolution of Mr. Hunt, rela- decision thereon, called for by the house on the 6th intogether with the testimony connected therewith, and the tive to a distribution of the public lands, with the amend-stant; which letter and correspondence were ordered to ment offered by Mr. Martin. Mr. Burges having the floor, in an eloquent and impressive speech, opposed the amendment, and had not concluded his remarks when he was arrested by the speaker. The house then adjourned. Friday, Jan. 8. Mr. Bates, from the committee on military pensions, reported the following resolution which was laid upon the table and ordered to be printed, Resolved, That the committee on military pensions be instructed, agreeably to the president's recommendation in his message of the 6th of December last, to review the pension law, for the purpose of extending its benefits to every soldier who aided in establishing our liberties, and who is unable to maintain himself in comfort; and to report to the house a bill for that purpose; and also, that said committee be further instructed agreeable to said recommendation, to report a bill for the relief of all those who were, during the last war, disabled from supporting themselves by manual labor. On motion of Mr. Findlay the house resolved, that when it adjourns, it will adjourn to meet on Monday next. A number of bills were referred to appropriate committees, when, on motion of Mr. Alston, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. McDuf fie in the chair, on the report of the committee on elections, in the case of Thomas D. Arnold. other of the five thousand voters. lie on the table. committed, and then the house adjourned. terday, the following resolutions of the legislature of Resolved by the general assembly of the state of Tenspectfully asked to make an order on the secretary of war, nessee, That the president of the United States be rea skilful officer, to examine into the most practicable to cause to be detailed from the engineer department, mode of removing the obstructions to navigation at the report, particularly, the probable expense of effecting Harpeth shoals; and that the said officer be charged to such removal, to the width of two hundred and fifty feet, and of two hundred feet, severally. Mr. Lea then took the floor in reply to the argument of Mr. Arnold. He contended, in the commencement, that if the seat should be vacated by the house, Mr. Arnold had no more right to be head at the bar than any he had a right, according to the constitution and laws of If he did not believe his country, he would not remain there one moment. He would much rather be a spectator than an actor in this serio-comico farce or drama, and he could hardly take a part in it it the petitioner had not made assertions and our representatives requested, to use all proper and Resolved, That our senators in congress be instructed, entirely without proof. After proceeding, Mr. Lea ask-respectful means to procure an appropriation sufficient ed leave to read portions of the pamphlets which have to secure an object so important to the future military heretofore been acted upon by the committee, and after operations of our common country, and so desirable to a division the committee decided that they should be the western_states." read. The clerk accordingly read the extracts designated, after which Mr. Lea finished his argument. On motion of Mr. Taylor, the committee rose,,reported progress, and the house refused to sit again in committee on this subject. Monday, Jan. 11. This being the day for the reception of petitions, the speaker proceeded to call the states in rotation, and having reached New York Mr. Cambreleng moved that the memorial heretofore presented by him, and laid on the table, from a meeting of the inhabitants of the city of New York, invoking the interference of the general government, to protect the southern Indians from injustice and oppression, be referred to the committee on Indian fairs This motion gave rise to a debate on the character of the memorial and the propriety of referring it, which occupied the house two hours, and in which Messrs. Thompson, Spencer, Drayton, Wilde, Lumpkin, Wayne, Foster, Storrs, Mallary, Cambreleng, and Archer, took part. The resolutions were referred to the committee on internal improvement. means, reported a bill making appropriations for the Mr. McDuffie, from the committee of ways and twice read, and committed to a committee of the whole support of government for the year 1830: which was house on the state of the union. solution, moved by Mr. Hunt on the 17th December, Martin on the same day, to amend the same. Mr. Burges, of Rhode Island, resumed the remarks cluded when the hour allotted to the consideration of interrupted by the last adjournment. He had not conresolutions had expired. of holding the sessions of the legislative council of the The engrossed bill entitled "an act to alter the time territory of Florida," was read the third time, passed, and sent to the senate for concurrence.. The house resumed the consideration of the report of the committee of elections on the memorial of Thomas D. Arnold, contesting the election of Pryor Lea. Mr. Arnold (being at the bar) asked whether it would be in order for him to answer now, in the house, arguments delivered in the committee of the whole. The speaker answered in the negative. Mr. Arnold said, he had been informed that such was the rule of the house, but wished to know the fact from the chair. There were, he said, some things said in committee [The speaker said it was not in order to reply in the house to arguments which had been urged in committee of the whole.] of the executive documents and legislative reports of the house of representatives and of the senate, as are important to be preserved, from the first to the thirteenth con gress, both inclusive, and that they report by resolution or otherwise. Mr. Thompson, of Geo. offered a resolution calling for a statement of the moral and political condition of certain Indians in several states, &c. which lies on the table, according to rule. Mr. Pettis, of Missouri, followed him, but had not concluded when, the hour having elapsed for resolutions, the house resumed the consideration of tre report of the committee of elections, on the memorial of Tho mas D. Arnold, contesting the election of Pryor Lea, The question recurred on the amendment proposed by Mr. Taylor yesterday to the resolution submitted in the report of the committee of elections, to reverse the said report, and declare the seat of the sitting member vacant. The house resumed the consideration of the resolution moved by Mr. Hunt on the 17th of December ult. concerning a distribution of the public lands among the several states. The question recurred on the motion made by Mr. Martin on the same day to amend the said resoMr. Arnold said he was anxious to reply to some re-lution. Mr. Burgeo resumed and concluded his remarks which had been made m debate, immediately.-marks. He therefore hoped that some gentleman would move that the house would go into committee of the whole on the subject. Mr. Archer, consider ng it but fair, from the character of the discussion, that the request of the petitioner should be complied with, moved to recommit thef report to the committee of the whole. Mr. Taylor of N. Y. supported this proposition, and desired that the question of recommitment should be taken by yeas and nays-Mr. Ellsworth opposed the motion; and, at the Mr. Johnson of Tennessee, rose and opconclusion of his remarks, the question was taken and decided in the affirmative by a majority of about thirty votes. posed the amendment offered by Mr. Taylor, in a Mr. Arnold then addressed the house in a speech speech of some length. Mr. Strong of New York, of about an hour, in reply to speeches delivered on followed in a short speech, in support of the amendpreceding days, and in further argument upon the tes-ment. Mr. Ellsworth, of Connecticut, opposed the timony. amendment, and briefly gave his reasons for deeming it Mr. Huntington, of When he concluded, Mr. Carson expressed his hope improper to set aside the election. that the sitting member and other members from Ten- Connecticut, took the other side, and argued at some nessee, would forbear from reply, and Mr. Lea de-length in support of the amendment. Mr. Alston folclared his intention to do so. lowed against the amendment, and in support of the report of the committee. Mr. Daniel, of Kentucky, also opposed the amendment and defended the report of When he concluded his the committee of elections. speech (it being near 4 o'clock,) The committee then rose and reported; and, The question being stated on agreeing to the resolution reported by the committee of elections in the following words. Resolved, That Pryor Lea is entitled to retain his seat in the 21st congress of the United States as the representative of the 2d congressional district in the state of Tennessee Mr. Haynes, of Georgia, required that it should be decided by yeas and nays; and the house having confirmed this appeal, the question was about to be taken; when Mr. Taylor, of New York, in a short, argumenta. tive, and dispassionate speech, stated his views of the question, concluding by moving to amend the resolution reported by the committee, by striking out the whole of it after the word "resolved" and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "That the election in the second congressional district in the state of Tennessee, for a representative in the 21st congress of the United States, was illegally conducted, and the seat of the sitting member therefrom is vacant. Whereupon, on motion and request of Mr. Johnson, of Tenn. The house adjourned-and the question comes up again to-morrow. Mr. Barringer, to put an end to the debate and to bring the subject to a close, called for the previous question. The call was sustained, ayes 119; nays 55. The main question was then put, viz: "Will the house coneur in the resolution submitted in the report of the committee of elections," viz. Resolved, That Pryor Lea is entitled to his seat in the 21st congress of the U. States. The above resolution was then decided in the affirmative by yeas and nays as follows-yeas 149 Nays-Messrs. Bailey, Campbell, Clark, Coke, Crane, Crowninshield, Hodges, Hughes, Ingersoll, Johns, Letcher, Martindale, Pierson, Rose, Taliaferro, Taylor, Vance, Vinton, Whittlesey-19. And so the said Pryor Lea was declared to be entitled to a seat in the house, and the prayer of the memorial of Th. D. Arnold was rejected. And then the house adjourned. THURSDAY'S PROCEEDINGS. The senate was principally occupied in discussing the bill providing for extinguishing the Indian titles to land in Indiana. It was amended by reducing the sum Wednesday, Jan. 13. Mr. Spencer, of New York, from the committee on agriculture, reported the follow-for holding treaties from $40,000 to $20,000, and by adding a section providing that no present should be ing resolutions: Resolved, That the president of the United States be given to any chief or chief of any tribe with whom the requested to cause to be procured, through the command-act author sed a treaty; but before the question was taers of the public armed vessels, and our ministers and ken, it was laid on the table. consuls abroad, such varieties of the sugar cane, and other cultivated vegetables, grains, seeds and shrubs, as may be best adapted to the soil and climate of U. States. Resolved, That the secretary of the treasury cause to be prepared a well digested manual, containing the best practical information on the cultivation of sugar cane, and the fabrication and refinement of sugar, including the most modern improvements; and to report the same to the next session of congress. These resolutions were read and laid on the table, for one day of course, according to rule. Mr. De Witt moved the following resolution, which was read and adopted by the house: Resolved, That the committee on the library be instructed to inquire into the expediency of re-printing such In the house of representatives, the discussion on the resolution offered by Mr. Hunt, on the subject of the public lands, was resumed, when Mr. Pettis, concluded his remarks, and Mr. Speight obtained the floor.The house then went into a committee of the whole on the state of the union, and acted on the bill making appropriations for the payment of revolutionary and invalid pensioners, and the bill making appropriations for arrearages in the naval service. The committee then took up the judiciary bill, the debate on which was opened by Mr. Buchanan, the chairman of the judiciary committee. An amendment was then offered by Mr. Strong. The committee then rose and reported the appropriation bills, which were ordered to be engrossed and read a third time to day, FOURTH SERIES. No. 22-VOL. I.] BALTIMORE, JAN. 23, 1830. [VOL. XXXVII. WHOLE NO. 958. THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H., NILES & SON, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, To relieve ourselves a little, the present number is concern with its merits, or the respect due to the right of We well recollect that when Mr. Monroe's made to consist of twenty four pages, by an inset of eight. petition. The latter contains, among other things, two interest-claims were once before the house, that something of the ⚫ing articles on Indian affairs, which we thought might be same sort was said that, "though he was a Virginian," better presented together, for an understanding of the by one of the representatives from that state: and we recondition and prospects of this unfortunate race of men. member a third simdar case on the appointment, we Petitions of like purport to that from New York, have think, of a chaplain. It is a "practice more honored in been presented from Piladelphia and other places. At the breach than the observance;" and affords grounds for that just named, the venerable bishop White presided. - a fear, that local partialities may have influence over the It was numerously attended by the respectable and wor- decision of general questions, even in the minds of those thy people of the city. There was some discussion, in justly regarded as honorable men. We impute nothing which the rev. Dr. Ely took a part-and certain proposed of the kind to Mr. A. or any other particular individual amendments of the memorial offered by him were accept--but, "the thing is wrong in itself." ed; the substance of which follows-That the honor of Mr. Wilde, of Geo. also made a remark that cannot the nation may be preserved by an inviolable adherance be passed over, without pointed observation. The chairto all her covenant arrangements; that none of the Indi nman of the meeting at New York, was the venerable patribes may be removed from their present reservations without their free consent; and that if it shall be found practicable, some covenant may be made between the United States, the state of Georgia, and the Cherokee Indians, resident in Georgia, whereby those Indians shall be admitted to all the rights and privileges of citizens, and that until the Cherokees shall thus voluntarily become citizens, or voluntarily cede their rights of soil to the United States, no state government by its agents, may be permitted to molest them." triot and artist, col. Trumbull-a soldier of the revolution, one of the military family of Washington, we believe a brave and gallant officer, who passed through the whole contest, beloved and approved and applauded by his country, and who has since added no little to its fame as an artist, being also a gentleman, perhaps, as well informed on almost any general subject as even Mr. Wilde. But the latter, in reference to the veteran patriot, indiscreetly, it not indecently, said, "he thought it would be proper for the painter to stick to his pallet." This is in perfect correspondence with some new views of things entertained in the south-which will be repented of, we have do doubt; but this aristocracy must not be suffered to proceed unregarded. Let the "painter stick to his pallet"-is a poor copy of what was said by a new man in old times-ne sutor ultra cre -pidum; and if applied to Mr. Wilde, himself, what would he be "at?"-sticking to the breeding of quarrels among his neighbors as an attorney, or managing negro slaves? We rather suspect that col. Trumbull's name will be recollected half-a-dozen years hence, by as many persons as Mr Wilde's—and must think that col. Trumbull has as much right to hold and express an opinion on any public concern, as "the gentleman from Georgia!" The presentation of the New York memorial caused a pretty sharp discussion in both houses of congress. Af ter it had been offered by Mr. Cambreleng, with a motion that it should be referred to the committee on Indian affairs, Mr. Thompson, of Geo, said, that, without an intention to oppose the reference, "he would, however, question the propriety of entertaining every petition or memorial which might be addressed to congress, whether it be the result of an accidental meeting at a grogshop, or not." Mr. Spencer, of New York, having waited to see if the mover of the memorial "would rise to repel the allusions" of Mr. T. made a few pertinent remarks. He was followed by Messrs. Wilde, of Geo. Bell, of Ten. Drayton, of S. C. and Lampkin, of Geo. to whom Mr. Spencer replied. On the suggestion of Mr. Wayne, the memorial was read. Mr. Mallary then replied to We had prepared a brief paragraph pointing out Mr. Lumpkin, particularly. Mr. Thompson rose again a mistake into which the editor of the Frankfort “Com-be had read that paper, he said, "and felt indignant at mentator" had fallen, in respect to an article inserted in the insult apparently intended to be offered by the memo- this paper. We notice, however, that it has been handrialists" to Georgia. Mr. Storrs, of N. Y. followed, and somely corrected, as we were sure that it would be, when vindicated the manner of the memorial and the right of suggested. Such things will sometimes happen with the the memorialists to present it. If, as Mr. T. had said, most careful--and one mortifying circumstance of the "the language was indecorous to the state of Georgia" kind occurred to ourselves, which a wretched creature, it was "not objected to as disrespectful to this house"- addicted himself to all sorts of forgery and falsehood, im"this was enough" for the house: but he denied that it puted to us as having taken place by design-judging other was disrespectful to Georgia, &c. Mr. Foster, of Geo. men by his own measure of honesty. We regret that followed and responded the opinions expressed by Mr. this mistake has caused any unpleasant feeling to the edThompson. Mr. Cambreleng hoped that the discussion itor of the "Commentator." The manner in which we would stop, and urged the question on the reference.--- inserted the article, may have lead others into error, Mr. Archer, of Virginia, "though a southern man him-hastily taking up the British text, instead of our commenself," as he expressed it, supported the reference. "Hetary on it. We shall take care to make a better separaput it to the gentlemen of Georgia themselves to say how tion, hereafter. they would brook such an assumption by this house,* if it were attempted in regard to a memorial from their own state." Mr. McDuffie, to end the debate, called the previous question, and was sustained; and the reference was then made as originally proposed. We thought this brief history necessary to a rightful understanding of the subject. We regret on the present occasion (as we have on some others), to see a gentleman so distinguished and high-minded as Mr. Archer-and there is no one more so in either house of congress-feel it necessary to excuse, as it were, his support of the reference, in using the terms "though a southern man himself." Whether the memorial came from the north or the south, had no *To lay it on the table, as proposed by Mr. Drayton. The Richmond Enquirer," released from the business of the convention, has pounced upon the tariff, and Mr. Mallary's report, with much fierceness "Cried havoc, and let ship the dogs of war." Unless the majority in the house, and it is certain that we have a majority in favor of the protecting principle, shall act promptly and resolutely, when occasion res quires, we may expect another long and wordy and useless war. Within a short period, we have several times met with, *****, Carey and Niles," or "Messrs. ****, Niles and Carey," published in the newspapers-as a sort of triumvirate engaged in the work of deluding the people and spreading artful sophistries" through the land, and doing bad things enough to sink the nation..The accusation is severe; but, in the magnitude of the compliment to the unknown person, our valued friend and ourselves, we, perhaps, may find some consolation. But we never expected to be charged with "sophistry!" If worthy of being thus published, we must be worthy of being refuted. And our "sophistries" being almost always supported by figures, it world seem to be an easy matter to correct our errors. For our part, we never see an opponent who ventures so far in figures as even to give us a date, without cherishing a hope that we shall hold him "uneasy," by an investigation of facts that cannot be explained away! We think that the figures are with us, and the "sophistries" with our opponents. If mista-ed the United States!!! Heaven help the fool, who venken, our errors admit of prompt and plain exposure. It is noticed, however, that nearly all these severe assaults upon us, (except made by some senseless blockhead, who has somehow obtained an old fount of type and a cast-off press, and supposes that he must do something to please his "patrons,") come from a quarter of the country in which the dogma extensively prevails-that all who labor are slaves; that Franklin was a slave, Sherman a slave, and Greene a slave: and that "involuntary labor" is preferable to that which is free. And it is as if urged, that the latter should yield itself to the former; or, at least, that free white men and women, who earn their own living, should be placed on an entire equality with black men and black wenches, who work in the corn or cotton fields, at the command of their masters. Now, we do not think that the latter kind of laborers are best fitted to advance the prosperity of our country, and should not like to see arms placed in their hands to defend it but if others prefer them, so be it. We have not the smallest disposition to interfere with their opinions or pursuits. The end of the two systems will appear, anon. And until fully informed, every succeeding census will instruct us. tain resolutions of the "sovereign states" of Virginia and South Carolina, which proceeded to the full length of our wishes in support of opinions-the old "continental" spirit being revived, by a "living coal" from the altar of '76. At a recent period, the revered patriot who is well called "the father of the constitution," the venerable MADISON, unequivocally sanctioned them. And yet we-a nameless gentleman, and "Carey and Niles," who have not one cent at stake in the preservation of such principles, other than belongs in common to the rest of our fellow citizens, are charged with teaching new doctrines! Why-it was only a few days since, that the humble writer of this was accused of having ruintured to say that such power was lodged in the pen and press of a plainly educated mechanic! But the effects of these doctrines are not hidden-verily, they are not! The progress of population and wealth in certain of the states, (wherein the "continental" testimony was fully received, and in which "the people," like the great apostle, are not ashamed to labor with their own hands), has been without parallel. If the "sophistries" that have descended to us from the revolutionary fathers, make great states out of small ones we are content. If the theories of our opponents reduce great states to small ones-or every day lessen the moral, physical and political power of such states, they should not complain. We wish for them every advantageous thing that we desire for others, as members of a common family. We envy them not the possession of "involuntary laborers," whom the governor of South Carolina is so much in love with-but rejoice in that sublime condition of society, which caused it to be said of a printer— "Eripuit fulmen cœlo, septrumque tyrannis," and permitted a blacksmith to save the southern states→→→ that has enabled a child born in the poorest and meanest conditions in which a mechanic can be placed, (that But we have taught no new doctrines. They are older of "whipping the cat" round the country), to become one than the treason of "Hancock and Adams." A moral of our most prominent politicians, though, in his statelirevolution preceded the appeal to arms. The "giants of ness, he forgets those glorious institutions which enabled those days" felt it necessary to subdue the prejudices of him to escape from "thread, tape and buckram" and betheir countrymen, before they met the enemy in the field. come what he thinks that he is a very great man; though It was not easy to accomplish this. Several years were it is by no means manifest to us that society has been beemployed for the purpose; and the approaches to inde-nefitted by his change of caste! The making of breeches pendence were made step by step. It became fashiona- is a not less important business, than that of making ble to prefer home-made commodities. They were recommended by nearly all the colonial, or provincial, legislatures; and the "sons of liberty" prided themselves for refusing the use of tea, and in wearing buckskin breeches! The pampered aristocracy of this day will smile at those suggestions-but these, if not imported patriots, despise their honest and honorable fathersprovided the latter were not tories! War followed, and whatever was "continental" had a preference. The "continentals" succeeded,-they established a confederated government; and, by the first congress held under the constitution, what some are pleased to call the "sophistries" of ******, Carey & Niles" were established by law. WASHINGTON had no doubt concerning the right of them-his secretaries, of state, JEFFERSON, and of the treasury, HAMILTON, in their respective reports on the fisheries and on manufactures, advanced and supported every principle that we contend for, and all were cherished and nursed by every congress from the days of the "giants" to the present time; and by every chief magistrate of this republic, including president JACKSON,who, in his late message, has entirely recognized the protecting principle.* And we might refer also, to cer *The Columbia Telescope, quoting an article from the Evening Post, relative to the tariff, says "we are sorry to be obliged to add, that our information corresponds but too closely with the foregoing remarks. We have before us a letter from a very distinguished member of congress, whose means of information are not inferior to those of any other member, from which the following is an extract: speeches. We teach that labor is honorable--we rejoice in the establishment of public schools and spread of education--it delights us that the smith, while resting on his anvil, can think and speak as rationally concerning the interests of his country as a lawyer on a "stump"--that the farmer who holds or drives his own plough, has a little library and knows the full use of his books. We believe that this farmer has as much right to claim the protection of government for the consumption of his grain, as an East India merchant can have to claim it for the preservation of his richly laden ship. Land-pirates or sea-pirates are the same to us. We think that if foreign articles are introduced and consumed, which we can as well make for ourselves, that the manufacturers of them will be fed on foreign grain; and are at a loss to know why we may not as well import ready-made clothing as the cloth to make it. Nay, we could import congressmen and presidents that would serve us at half the price which our own costs us! These are some of our notions-but there is nothing new in them. And, if it has pleased the duties, as well those intended to protect manufactures, as those exclusively laid for revenue. However this may be, it is certain that he recognises the principle of a protecting tariff, and does not contemplate any material change in the policy connected with such a tariff. It is also certain that whatever may be the opinion of the president, the majority, the undiminished majority of congress, will adhere to what has been done." We esteem this letter as being from tip-top antitariff authority. Gentlemen in congress, however, ought not to speak their public speeches to the private ear of "Washington city, December 22, 1829. their friends! It seems to shew that they cannot enter"I regret to say that there is not the remotest proba-tain more than one idea at a time-especially if that hapbility that congress will mitigate the oppressive burthen pens to be a profound one. How awful,to find out that of what is miscalled the protecting system, in the smal- the president recognises the principle of a protecting lest degree. The message of the president will certain- tariff and that his message required a commentary on ly admit of an interpretation favorable to a reduction of that subject, "What next”—from Columbia? *sovereign states" of Virginia and South Carolina, with better state of things for themselves and their children some of the most distinguished of their citizens, to change in distant places-where labor is honored, and the poor their opinions, it is no reason why we should change have a prospect of acquiring independence and a respectours. We have steadily pursued one course from the be-able standing among their fellow men. No amount of ginning--through good report and evil report, and whe-money-millons on millions of a sound currency, would ther fashonable or unfashionable. This may be constru- avail nothing, if it was not used; we need the "right sort" ed into obstinacy, by those more enlightened than our of people to use it advantageously, and create a home selves but is strong evidence of honesty, seeing that we market. With the present prices of grain and tobacco, cannot have had a personal or private interest in the if regarded as our chief articles for profit in their export, success and protection of the domestic industry, no the value of lands cannot advance. The world is at matter how applied. peace, and the people of different nations mainly supply themselves. Still we cultivate for the foreign market to excess, and reduce the prices of our commodities by over-production. This is rendered as "clear as a sunbeam,"by the facts that relate to tobacco. We believe it has uniformly happened for many years, that a crop of 25,000 or 26,000 hhds. has yielded more money to the planters than a crop of 30,000; and, if prosperity is hoped There was also a case of a disputed seat between Mr. for, the planters must turn their attention to something Wallis and Mr. Travilla, of Kent county. The former else, and the farmers locate manufacturers among them; was returned and took the seat; but it has been vacated and all must practice industry and economy more than to make room for the latter. It appears, that a few tick-heretofore-more than, perhaps, is compatible with the ets having the name of Mr. Travilla on them, did not de- continuance of so many slaves and other persons of color signate the office to which the voters wished him elected.in the state-whose very presence seems to be at war The circumstances however, satisfied the judgment of the house, that Mr. T. had been voted for as a member MARYLAND. It will be recollected that Mr. McNeill's right to a seat in the house of delegates, was suspended, because of the omission of the word "junior" on some of the tickets. It appearing undoubted, that Mr. McNeill junior, was intended to have been voted for, he has since been admitted. of it. with those habits by which communities or nations acquire a wholesome and dense population, and wealth. Is proof of this required? We have it at hand, in the comparison Mr. Teacle, from a select committee of the same of certain counties of our state with others; the first class house, has made a report, assuming that the progress of of which, notwithstanding our unpropitious position, the wealth and prosperity in Maryland has been arrested radical defects in our constitution, the want of wisdom in because of the "deleterious effects of that absorbing insti- our laws, and of economy in the government of the state, tution," the bank of the United States; and proposing to resist the pressure of the times, and afford a resting place establish one great bank to be called "The bank of the for many of our citizens, who, otherwise, would withstate of Maryland," on the plan of the bank of the state draw themselves and their capital from us forever. By of South Carolina, which is represented as having suc-capital" we mean labor. Any other sort of capital ceeded admirably well. The new bank to be owned by without that, "will take to itself wings and flee away." It the state, and make one half of its loans on real property cannot any more be retained, than the course of the Sus in the several counties, &c. anticipating that the charter quehannah be turned to the north. The richest mining of the bank of the United States will not be extended, districts of Mexico and Peru, have always been the poorand that all the local banks will terminate at their re-est, and remain so,-though the political character of spective periods-the "bank of the state" being establish- these countries has recently been changed-because ed. The report was read a second time, and laid on the that labor in other districts, or countries, applied to table. other purposes, has produced more value than when deAs the subject to which it relates is one of very seri-voted to digging for silver and gold. The people of the ous and important interest, we should promptly publish mining listricts are far from being the most wealthy class this report, at length, if we had room; for, though we can- of their own fellow citizens. They have quantities of not accord with the most of its leading principles, as re-the precious metals, but know not how to use them ferrible to practice, there are some speculations and facts most advantageously. Labor among them is not respectstated that are ingenious, if not useful. But the ground-ed; hence no one labors except of present necessity-as work of the whole, we regard as erroneous. The reason why "Maryland has not advanced in wealth and prosperity, in any degree, proportioned to the advantages she possesses in her propitious location, "* &c. is not because of the incorporation of the bank of the United States, as intimated by the committee. The main reason for our stationary condition, if not retrogade movements, as to population and wealth, belong to our "unpropitious" position. We are located, as it were, between the free states and the slave-states. Free labor is not honored and encouraged as it should be, and slave labor has become unprofitable. Virginia and Kentucky are conditioned pretty much as we are; and neither has latterly advanced in population and wealth more rapidly perhaps, than Maryland. These have comparatively receded in the states named, if not actually declined. The census of the present year will teach us an unpleasant, but wholesome lesson. No management of banks, or banking, can remedy the evils alluded to. A radical change of our constitution might, in time, relieve them. The laws which govern Maryland, may be enacted by the representatives of about one fourth of the people of the state. And from these causes, (and others that might be specially pointed out), we are annually losing thousands of our most valuable citizens-PRODUCERS; who seek a We quote the report. "Propitious location" or something equivalent thereto, is often used as to the location of any or every state in the union. It is happily implanted in the human mind, that the country of a man's birth is preferred as the dearest spot in creation. We think that the natural location of Maryland is a good one-but we have no surplus of rich land. do our free people of color and slaves. THEY MAKE NO ACCUMULATIONS. The maxim that "money gets mo ney," is practically unknown to them; and their gold and silver, affording themselves only a mean and miserable subsistence, pass rapidly away, to enrich other persons. EDUCATION too, in the mining districts, may be said to be entirely neglected among the people, and hence like all other persons so conditioned, and without hope of a change for the better, the passing moment only is regarded by them. Our Indians are capable of wonderful exertions-but the wants of the day being satisfied, they will hardly take the trouble to kill a buck, though offering himself to their rifle at the very door of their wigwam, even if without a supply of food for to-morrow on hand. It is thus, more or less, in a greater or less degree, with all uneducated classes of persons; and hence-in the meaning of the term as we use it, they are not prosperous, and always decline in population or power, as they are approached by an educated and well informed people. The latter think, from habit-the former never think, if they can avoid it. In the things here suggested, are the real causes of the comparative decline of prosperity in Maryland. But still, we have a great deal of public spirit and intelligence in this state-which, if rightfully cherished and properly aided, may redeem us from the unpleasant circumstances which press upon us. A spirit of improvement is abroad. It is of vital interest that it should be encouraged. The creation and support of a sound currency, forms no small part of any good system of political economy. The creation always gives a stimulus to industry; but if the latter be not successful, the support ceases, and the currency becomes morbid, it not depreciated. It is not the abundance, but the circulation of money, (or whate |