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long ago. The concluding paragraphs of this number, |
however, have much force, and the facts stated cannot be
too often urged.
EDITORS REGISTER.]

market, than venture the idea of a rail road, or canal, by which several hogsheads might be cleanly carried to market, and in a fourth of the time, by the labor of two In every country, there are seasons of distress and ein- good horses, and one white man But those who stand barrassment, the result of failures of crops-of improvi-still, must be distanced. A tortoise may beat an Achildent speculatious-of production outrunning consump-les in a race, by diligence.

tion-of the occlusion of foreign markets-and the va A late number of the "Journal of the Franklin Instiriety of casualties and contingencies, to which human al-tute," thus notices a patent lately obtainedfairs are liable. These are the seasons of which inter- For an improvement in the cylinder paper machine; perate or ambitious men avail themselves, to create dis-Isaac Saunderson, Milton, Norfolk county, Massachucontent and sedition-and these are the seasons when the setts, April 18. friends of order and of freedom and human happiness ought to exert themselves to allay the fermentation; and to procure a calm and candid hearing for the "small still voice of reason."

A general defect in the paper made upon cylinder machines, is, the inequality of its strength when tried lengthwise and across. This is in consequence of a greater number of fibres running in one direction than in the other, and a consequent want of that perfect interlocking which takes place upon mould-made paper. A part of the present machine is intended to remove this defect. For this purpose there is a "horizontal whirl wheel, which plays or revolves under the wing cylinder, so cal

Distress and embarrassment prevail to the south, the result of the depreciation of the prices of the great staples of that section of the country. This is absurdly as cribed to the tariff. It might as well be ascribed to the downfall of Napoleon, or the successes of the Russians against the Turks. It may be as surely traced to overled upon which the paper forms, and by distributing the production as any effect was ever traced to its cause.

I hope I have satisfactorily proved these positions in the Common Sense Addresses recently published, to which I refer the reader. But as hundreds of persons will never see that pamphlet, who will read this paper -consider myself as justified in touching briefly on the subject here.

current and counteracting the continuous motion of the pulp rising upon the cylinder, improves the quality, and increases the strength of the paper, by casting the fibrous parts of the pulp in every direction, and at the same time throwing the knots and motes on the outward surface of the sheet, (instead of depositing in the body of the paper), from which they can easily be removed without injury to the paper.

The other improvement is "the sheet forming roller; this roller is used, and put in the place of the upper water bressing voller, (so called), of the cylinder paper ma

The destruction of so many manufacturing establishments by the fatal tariff of 1816, converted thousands and tens of thousands of citizens in various parts of the United States, from manufacturers into farmers-from cus tomers of farmers, into their rivals. This ruinous policy,chines. The sheet is formed on this roller, the circumadded to the occlusion of the British markets against our flour, reduced farming to a low ebb, as may be seen from the following statement:

The export of flour in 1817 and 1818 averaged

$14,669,396 5,199,995 This reduction of price effected the whole quantity sold in this country, equal to 5,000,000 barrels, making pro bably a to reduction of the income of our farmers in this one article, to the amount of $20,000,000. Most other farming productions partook of the reduction.

The average of 1819, 20 and 21, was

Farming no longer remunerated th labor it required, even without the interest of the capital invested Farms in the middle states sunk in value from 25 to 50 per cent. Farmers, thus broken down, turned their attention to the culture of cotton wherever soil and climate favoured the change of occupation.

The consequence was, that although the consumption in this country and in Europe, greatly increased from 1819 to 1823; and from the latter year to 1828, yet our production greatly outran consumption. The export of upland cotton was more than doubled in the first period, and increased nearly 250 per cent. in the second beyond that of 1819. Export in 1819.

Uplands

80,508,270 lbs.
7,488,775

Sea Islands

Uplands

161,586,582

Sea Islands

12,136,688

Uplands
Sea Islands

279,169,317
15,140,798

ference of which must be graduated according to the dimensions of the sheet required. The additional kinds of paper that can be made on the cylinder paper machine, by means of the improvement, or invention, of the sheet forming roller, and the counteracting horizontal whirt wheel, are, press paper, bonnet paper, pasteboard, and band-box paper."

There are eight floats on the horizontal whirl wheel, which are placed obliquely, the more perfectly to agitate the water. The whirl wheel and sheet forming roller constitute the claim.

We have heard the opinion of a disinterested and practical man, in relation to this improvement,and closely examined many specimens of the paper made on the machine so constructed. It would appear, that all the disadvantages that have hitherto attended the machine-manufacture of paper are not only overcome, but that an article is made stronger and better than the samme materials would furnish, when carefully manufactured, after the old fashioned way, by hand. We think that we never saw such strong paper, of the same thickness, as in these specimens-however choice were the materials used. Thus the great and seemingly fatal objection to machine-paper, for many purposes, is completely overcome.

$21,081,769 Export in "THE MECHANICAL AGE." 1823. $20,445,520 Government contract-for conveying the muil by steam Export in coaches, in Ireland. 1827. $29,169,317 The Irish post office have entered into a contract with Thus, while the aggregate export of both kinds was sir James Anderson, by which he undertakes to convey very nearly doubled from 1819 to 1823, the proceeds were the mails throughout Ireland at the rate of twelve miles reduced-and while from 1819 to 1828 the export was an hour, in coaches impelled by steam, calculated to car. more than trebled, the proceeds were increased only ry two or three passengers in addition to the coachman about 40 per cent. In a word, the planters glutted the and guard. This invention of sir James Anderson, for markets of the world with their cotton-rendered this which he has obtained a patent, has seldom been exhibitmost invaluable article a mere drug every where-nowed out of the yard in which it was constructed; but it is vituperate the government as the cause of their sufferings, and threaten a separation for evils the result of a system which they pertinaciously supported!!! Philadelphia, November 9, 1829.

HAMILTON.

CYLINDER PAPER MACHINE. One improvement treads so closely on the heels of its predecessor, that the whole seems like one solid line against old habits-however dangerous some of the Virginia political-philosophers think it is to make experiments, and who would rather employ six little horses and two large negroes, to roll one hoghead of tobacco to

said to bear very little resemblance to the drag coach of Mr. Gurney. The contract between the Irish post office and sir James is understood to be for fourteen years, and the only pecuniary stipulation made by him is, that he shall receive half the money which the government may save by adopting his system. Sir James will commence operations by carrying the mails between Howth and Dublin during the present month. The road is level and good, and the distance not more than nine or ten miles.

It is difficult to conjecture what effects will be produced by the application of steam for the purposes of land carriage. The demand for draught horses must of course

materially diminish; lands now cropped with oats, hay, pidly increased and steam-power been wonderfully exbeans, or other horse provender, will hereafter be culti-tended; and so it is, or will be, in many parts of the vated solely for the production of human food; travelling U. States, until the aggregate population shall amount will become more cheap and expeditious; internal com. merce or interchange of commodities be facilitated and rendered less costly than heretofore; every particular, in short, relative to trade and intercourse will experience before long an extraordinary revolution.

to perhaps one hundred millions: THEN, we think, that the relations between America and Great Britain will be "pretty considerably" changed! But, admitting that the most densely settled pa ts of our country must depend upon coal, instead of wood, for fuel-may not coal be as England from her inexhaustible stores of coal, deposit cheaply obtained in them as in Britain and Ireland, geed in all directions upon the very verge of the sea, sure-nerally? The coal beds are not confined to "Newfound ly must possess a vast superiority over most other na- land, Cape Breton, Canada, and some of the provinces tions, so far as steaming operations are concerned. Coal of New England. So far from it, these districts as yet fit for generating steam is found in France, at considera-supply very small quantities and the "provinces" are furble distances from the ocean. Russia is already depend-nished from a terra incognita, called Pennsylvania or ent upon Great Britain for coal; as her steam vessels in Virginia, the coal-beds in which, only, probably occupy the Baltic now receive their supplies of fuel from Shields a greater space than in all England, with her "inexhausti or Sunderland, notwithstanding the heavy export duty. ble stores." But coal is found abundantly in other The coal in Sweden is principally of the kind called culm, states; and, without new discoveries, which, however, or kolm, not calculated for steam vessels, owing to its seem as if happening every day, we seem to have enough, liability to cake or elinker. Portugal, Spain, and Italy and at convenient locations, for a few thousand years. have little coal near the sea coast. Austria is almost And what is the progress making for the supply of coal? without a sea port. Will not Great Britain, therefore, It is only four or five years since it began to descend the derive more benefit from the discovery of steam than any Schuylkill to Philadelphia; but the navigation has been other European nation? In America, it is true, steam improved, and 100,000 tons will be received in the prenavigation prevails to a great extent, but it is principally sent year--the quantity, for the next, is expected to exemployed upon the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and ceed 200,000 tons-in 1826, only 16,767 tons. The supother great rivers and lakes of the interior, where whole plies by the Delaware river, and the canals, from the forests of pine trees are yearly disappearing from the Lehigh, already large, will soon rival those of the Schuyl banks to furnish fuel for steam boats. As these supplies, kill, and from the shores of the Susquehannah, the rehowever, become daily more difficult to procure, the ceptions at Baltimore, &c. will be enormous. Richmond, Americans must soon resort to coal as fuel, instead of Va. has long been famous for supplies of coal, as conve burning wood as at present, and from the moment that niently located as at Newcastle, in England, and in incalthe necessity of this change arises, America will have culable quantities. The shores of the upper Potomac reached the ne plus ultra of steam conveyance. The abound with it, and its transportation will soon be easy chief strata of coal yet discovered westward of the At- and rapid, by the rail road, or canal, both now making. lant c are situate in Newfoundland, Cape Breton, Canada, The Laxawana nines are opened to the city of N. York, and some of the provinces of New England, but in all by the Hudson and Delaware canal, &c. and the parts adthese countries the coal is of a quality much inferior to jacent, say within the small distance of 150 or 200 miles, the British, and entirely unfit to be used in many manu- will be thus supplied, by river navigation or the canals factures, so that they import coal from Britain tor various now in operation; and, if needed, Buffalo and Montreal, purposes. In short, coals, though not an exclusive, yet Detroit or Quebec, will speedily be reached by an interior may with propriety be styled a peculiar blessing to Brit- navigation from Richmond, the Morris canal, now in ain, from their great plenty, their acknowledged excel- much forwardness, only being wanted to complete it. lence, and, above all, from their being found in such We believe that this canal is just completed and in useplaces as are conveniently situated for exportation. so we have an interior water communication frora North Carolina to New York, and from thence to New Orleans or Montreal, and by the sound, &c. and Blackstone canal, into the heart of Massachusetts, by way of Providence. Thus, and as we happen also to have some coasting vessels, and are thought to know something of navigation, it does not appear that the Atlantic states will suffer for the want of coal: and, as to the western states, as much can be annually delivered on the shores of the Ohio, at from 3 to 5 cents a bushel, as would freight all the military and commercial marine of Great Britain and Ireland! The writer is informed that there are steam boats on our western waters; but it did not occur to him that these might draw millions of tons after them, if required, and return the boats used for transportation, at a small expense. But, with coal thus abundant on many parts of the Ohio river, a river navigable more than twice the distance from the Land's End" to "John O'Groat's," to say nothing of the Mississippi and Missouri navigation, 4 or 5,000 miles, and some twenty, or fifty, other water-courses, some five, or twenty, times longer than "old father Thames," and as old too, as the oldest of British rivers,-wood is yet preferred for steam boats, though coal is used in a few hundred steam engines, working on the shores; and we "have a notion" that what moves an engine on the land, may also move it on the water! An engine of an hundred horse power is a small affair in the west! There are some of the power of two hundred horses, using coal. We do not think that coal is imported for any of our "manufactures." It is brought hither only in the place of ballast, and to a small amount. And the writer should have mainly recollected, that we may do, by rail roads or canals, or river or coasting navigation, or in any other way, whatsoever his countrymen can do, as to the transportation of commodities. That on land or at sea, we acknowledge no superiors.

The discovery of the power of steam was said by Canning to resemble the invention of a new elament; and it is wholly beyond human comprehension to estimate what mighty changes in the universe may be produced by this cause alone. Steam navigation formed the first link of this wonderful chain of effect-steam coaches may now be considered the second-to what other purposes it may yet be applied time only can elucidate. With a power so gigantic, perhaps mountains may be levelled Jakes drained-rivers turned-harbors excavated-estuaries opened-isthmuses demolished-straits filled upand the whole face of nature changed!

Some important facts are made known and others suggested in the preceding article, which apply as well to the United States as the British islands. It shews however, no small part of the ignorance profound that so generally prevails in Europe, as to the affairs of the United States. It is only 15 or 16 years since that frames of brigs of a "particular construction," were said to have been sent from England to Canada, to sail up the cataract of Niagara! The writer fixes a ne plus ultra of the use of steam in America, because of the destruction of our forests of pine trees, and the want of coal. He knows nothing of the abundance of our water-power, and measures our means for the supply of wood by the dimensions of his own little island, the whole circumference of which is less than the length of some of our navigable rivers! And we have

"pools

"In which to souse Great Britain's island whole!" With millions heaped on millions of acres of land that will long remain in a forest state; and he is ignorant of the rapid growth of the pine, on lands seemingly fitted for no other purpose than to yield fuel--accessible, and located on important rivers. On the shores of the Chesapeake and its numerous waters, the new supplies of fuel are about equal to its demand, though population has ra-ent states.

*John Bull is not yet sensible that these are independ

MAJOR GENERAL SCOTT. From the New York Courier and Enquirer. We have long been in possession of a conversation that occurred at La Grange between the venerable Lafayette and the general, on the subject of his claim to rank, and the course he ought to pursue under the decisions that have been made. On the occasion alluded to Lafayette concluded his remarks in nearly the following words:

tion and conviction; but, since the constituted authorities of the government have, with the best feelings entertained, come to a conclusion adverse to your own, no other opinion was cherished, or was hoped for, but that on your return to the United States, you would adopt the course your letter indicates, and with good feelings resume those duties to your country, of which she has so long had the benefit.

To major general Winfield Scott.

--

J. H. EATON.

Through the politeness of a friend we are enabled to publish the following document, which decides the question of rank in the case of general Scott:

Adjutant general's office," Washington, 20th Nov. 1829. ORDER, NO. 74.

"A sordid man would, in your position, return to duty Agreeably to your request, the furlough, heretofore from the paltry consideration of pounds and pence. A granted you, is revoked from and after the 20th instant. second rate man, superior to so low a motive, but of lim-You will accordingly report to the commanding general ited understanding, would lay down his commission from Alexander Macomb, for duty. &c. &c. mere misapprehension of what was fit and proper; and even a magnanimous man, general, equally free from the imputations of imbecility and meanness, might, in the first moment of feeling, determine in favor of the last course, but would ultimately be governed by the first. Accustomed to venerate the laws of his country, he would yield up his particular judgment of their scope and effect, to that of those who must be admitted to be their legitimate interpreters. However pure the feelings that prompted him to discharge himself from his official trust, he would soon perceive that the act might admit of great and dangerous misconstruction-that it involved no less a responsibility than the extinction of subordination, that vital principal of all armies. If such have been your determination, consider, I beseech you, general, consider it maturely. Be assured that your great services and your high rank have put it out of your power to follow, in this matter, the bent of your inclinations. Who so proper, in fact, to set the example of obedience, that great virtue of the soldier, as he who has purchased fame and station with his bicod? Who so fit, by a contrary course, to become an instrument of evil, as he whose acts take an irresistible degree of moral authority from their past unexceptionable tenor?"

western department.
Bt. Major general Gaines will assume command of the

Bt. Major general Scott will assume command of the eastern department.

Bt. Major general Gaines will continue in the inspec tion in which he is now engaged, and when completed, will make his report thereof to the general in chief, for his information.

By order of ALEXANDER MACOMв, major general com→ manding the army. R. JONES, adj. gen. We are further informed that in conformity with the above order, major general Scott has assumed the com mand of the eastern department of the army. [Balt. Amer.

The effect of this address, joined to mature reflection, We copy these articles in the order and manner the opportunity for which has been given, we are left in which they were originally published-for reference. only to conjecture at. We persuade ourselves, bow-We sometime since heard much about the "illegal susever, that neither has been lost upon the general, and pension of gen. Scott," though the proceedings have been that he who has so nobly served his country, and enforc-sustained by both houses of congress, and are now re-esed obedience, will not forget that it is his duty to prac tice it.

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New York, Nov. 10, 1829. Sin: I have seen the president's order of the 13th August last, which gives a construction of the 61st and 62d article of war, relative to rank or command.

tablished; and both general Macomb and general Gaines have precedence over him. Grateful for the services of gen. Scott, we have always regretted the stand that he took-but pleased to notice the forbearance with which both the last and present administration have treated him.

ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.
From the Washington Telegraph.
ORDER, NO. 71.

Adjutant general's office,
Washington, 10th Nov. 1829.
1.-At a general court martial, of which lieutenant
colonel J. B. Mayney, of the 7th regiment of infantry,
is president, held at Cantonment Jesup, in the state of
Louisiana, on the 6th of July, 1829, by virtue of order;
No. 15, emanating from the head quarters of the western
department, first lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, of the 7th
regiment of infantry, was arraigned upon the undermen-
tioned charges, to wit:

CHARGE 1.

Humbly protesting that this order deprives me of rights guaranteed by those articles, and the uniform practice of the army under them from the commencement of the government down to the year 1828, when the new construction was first adopted against me; in obedience to "Disobedience of orders." the universal advice of my friends, who deem it incum- Specification 1st.—In this: That he, the said lieutenant, bent on me to sacrifice my own conviction and feelings to W. S. Colquhoun, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry, what may, by an apt error, be considered the repeated did, at Cantonment Towson, (Ă. T.) on the 7th of decision of the civil authority of my country, I have March, 1828, refuse to consider himself in arrest, when brought my self to make that sacrifice, and therefore with-ordered so to do by his commanding officer, captain (now draw the tender of my resignation now on file in your department.

brevet major) R. B. Hyde, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry; but replied, "damn you, sir, I will not obey your

I also ask leave to surrender the remainder of the fur-arrest." lough, the department was kind enough to extend to me in April last, and to report myself for duty.

&c. &c.

WINDFIELD SCOTT. The hon. J. H. Eaton, secretary of war. (No. 2.)

War department, Nov. 13, 1829. SIR: Your letter of the 10th inst. is received, and I take pleasure in saying to you, that it affords the department much satisfaction to perceive the conclusion to which you have arrived, as to your brevet rights. None will do you the injustice to suppose that the opinions declared by you, upon this subject, are not the result of reflec

Specification 2d.-In this: That he, the said lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry, did leave Cantonment Towson, (A. T.) on the 21st of April, 1828, after being refused permission by his commanding office, captain (now brevet major) R. B. Hyde, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry.

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ordered so to do by his commanding officer, captain [now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry, but replied "damn you, sir, I will not obey your arrest, " and at the same time struck the said captain (now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, with a stick, which knocked the said captain [now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, down, and drew a knife on the said captain [now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, with an intent to kill, but was prevented by assistant surgeon Thurston, and lieutenant Casey; after which the siad lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, got a rifle, a pistol and a knife, and followed the said captain [now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, to the hospital, and would have shot the said captain (now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, had the said lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun not have been prevented.

CHARGE III.

"Breach of arrest.” Specification. In this: That he, the said lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry, did, on the 21st of April, 1828, leave the limits of Cantonment Towson, [A. T.] the said lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, being at the time in arrest, and confined to the limits of the said Cantonment.

To which the accused pleaded not guilty. The court, after the most mature deliberation on the testimony adduced, find the accused, lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry, as follows:

CHARGE I.

1st. specification, guilty.
2d. specification, guilty.
Guilty of the 1st charge.

CHARGE II.

Specification.-Guilty, except the words, "and drew a knife on the said captain [now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, with an intent to kill," and the latter part which says, "and would have shot the said captain [now brevet major] R. B. Hyde, had the said lieut. W. S. Colquhoun not have been prevented."

Guilty of the 2d charge.

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The court do sentence the accused lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, of the 7th regiment U. S. infantry, to be cashiered, and disqualified from ever holding any office in the army of the United States.

239

of the army of the United States from the date of this
order.

commanding the army.
By order of ALEXANDER MACOMB, major general
R. JONES, adj. gen.

COTTON CORDAGE.
From the Columbia Telescope.

eretary of the navy.
Copy of a letter from gen. D. R. Williams to the ses
To the secretary of the navy.
Society Hill, 23rd Sept. 1829.

cotton cordage made here, for bale rope.
I ask leave with this, to present you a small sample of

A pound weight of it makes so many more feet in length
the particular purpose for which it is manufactured
than hemp cordage of the same size; it is cheaper at twen-
comparison of prices with tarred cordage will of course be
ty-five cents a pound than that of hemp at 12 cents, for
much more in its favor. I think you will admit that it
is a beautiful piece of cordage. If you shall see proper
to test its strength with new hemp rope, you will proba
bly find it to be weaker at first, but after both have been
hemp useless, that of cotton will probably be still good
as cordage.
so long exposed to the weather as to render that made of

Cotton fishing lines have been found to be more durable than any other, both in salt and fresh water; in the form of twine, wrought into seines, and used in our rivers, it is alike superior. Coarse shoes made of it, and subject to the greatest exposure, are much more durable than those made with flax thread; indeed every domesor hemp. Perhaps, it stretches too much to be trusted for standing rigging; but for running, and especially for tic test proves cotton to be more durable than either flax light sails, it may possibly prove superior to cordage made of any other substance. longer when served with a coat of warm tar. I have found it to last How has it happened that cotton cordage has not yet been tried, even among our river craft? Is it not wholly owing to a general opinion that it is much more costly? Such I confess was mine, until a gentleman, judging rope to be made of cotton yarns; from it has been discov ered to be the cheapest cordage with which we can rope more correctly, ordered three hundred weight of bale

our cotton bales.

rigging of any kind, there is a great variety of other purposes on ship board for whieh small cords are used, and If, contrary to my hopes, it shall be judged unfit for to which it may be advantageously applied.

II.-In conformity with the 65th article of the rules and articles of war, the major general commanding the army has transmitted the whole of the proceedings in the foregoing case, to the secretary of war, to be laid before the president of the United States, for his decision there-than your public duties, prompt you to the use of this on, and has received the following order in the case:

I am too well satisfied that your private wishes, not less
great, though depressed staple of our common country,
partment for it. Yours, respectively,
to suppose it necessary to ask the patronage of your de
DAVID R. WILLIAMS.

SIR: I have much pleasure in acknowledging the re-
Navy department, Oct. 6, 1829.

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Department of war, November 5th, 1829. "The proceedings of the general court martial held recently at Cantonment Jesup, before which lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun was put upon trial, for "disobedience of orders, mutiny, and breach of arrest," found guilty and sentenced to be cashiered, have been submitted to the consideration of the president of the United States.ceipt of your letter of the 23d ult. together with a small The energy and usefulness of an army consists in its sample of cotton cordage made for "bale discipline and subordination. The officer who refuses obedience to the laws and stands in opposition to the au-department in relation to this great staple of our country thority that is above him, is ill suited to control and direct for naval purposes, I herewith transmit you a pamphlet That you may be fully possessed of the views of the rope. those who are below. Rules and regulations are use- containing a correspondence on the use of cotton canless, if the violators of them, without some paliating cir- vass for the sails of ships of war or merchant vessels, &c. cumstance, shall avoid the consequences of an infraction. The first duty of every military man is subordination. to be a handsome piece of cordage; and the information Without it, an army can claim nothing of efficiency. If you have communicated, in relation to its strength, duraThe sample you have sent me, I frankly acknowledge a captain may prove insubordinate to his colonel, or ability and cost, in comparison with the same article made lieutenant to his captain, with equal right may a soldier of hemp, is very acceptable. throw off the respect due from him, to the next grade of officers above, and claim to be the arbiter of his own wrongs. The tendency of such a course if sanctioned, would be to unhinge every thing of regularity, and good order in the army.

The proceedings and judgment of the court are approved, with the exception of that part of the sentence which disqualifies lieutenant Colquhoun from ever holding any office in the army of the United States.

By command of the president. JNO. H. EATON." III.-First lieutenant W. S. Colquhoun, of the 7th regiment of infantry, consequently ceases to be an officer

such parts of the rigging and outfits of a ship, as may
appear most suitable, from the knowledge at present
A fair experiment shall be made of cotton rope, for
possessed of its qualities. I am, very respectfully, your
The hon. David R. Williams, Society Hill, S. C.
JOHN BRANCH.

ob'dt. servant,

BRITISH REVENUE.

Oct. 1828, and the 10th Oct. 1829, showing the increase
Abstract of the net produce of the revenue of Great
Britain, in the years and quarters ended ou the 10th of
or decrease on each head thereof.

240

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Decrease.

£ 396,964 1,951

Total 47,619,101 47,472,659 252,475 398,915

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252,473

The military force consists-in infantry, of 23,800 guards and 294,600 of the line; in cavalry, of 63,520; of 24.000 irregulars, 360 pieces attached to the horse, and 732 pieces attached to the foot artillery, forming a total of 47,088. This is the amount of the regular establishment; but, m time of war, ke the present, it is greatly augmented by levies under the imperial ukase. The Polish army consists of 50,000.

The Russian navy, at the beginning of 1828, compris-
ed 50 ships of the line, 35 frigates, and above 100 other
large vessels, besides floating batteries, gun-boats, gal-
lies, &c.-the whole manned by somewhat more than
50,000 sailors. This establishment has of late been con-
siderably increased.

The whole empire does not present above 1,840 cities
146,442 and towns, 1,210 strong places and 227,400 villages and
hamlets. Among the first mentioned are Petersburgh,
De-
325.000; Ma-cow, 260,000; Warsaw, 126,443; Kiew,
crease.
40,000; Sandomu, 30,000; Odessa, 40,000; Rig, 47,000;
Tula, 36,000; Kaluga, 25,000; Kasan, 50,000, Astrachan,
36,000; and Irkutzk, 30.000.

1829.

Increase.

Stamps

Post office

Taxes

Miscellaneous,

£
£
£
4,664,932 5,028,656 363,724||
5,714,399 5,268,237
1,705,676 1,747,698 42,022
366,000 358,000
466,978 501,306 34,328
101,950 179,980 78.030

£ 446,162

8,000

Customs
Excise

THE RISING AND FALL OF THE FUNDS.
From the Gazette de Fance.

In order to appreciate and ompare the respective credit of the divers governments with relation to each other at the two epochs of 1815 and 1829, we must trace the

Total 13,019,935 13,083,877 518.104 454,162 progressive and retrogade steps which these credits have

Deduct decrease

454,162
63,942

Increase on the quarter

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RUSSIAN STATISTICS. From the Literary Gazette. Although we have given some details of the statistics I have diligently collated thera from both French and of this mighty empire on former occasions, we owe it to our readers not to withhold further elucidations of so engrossing a subject, at a period when it must be pecu-foreign journals of all parties without distinction, that inliarly desirable to them to possess data of a correct and sert the prices of stocks at Paris, London, Amsterdam, And such, we can assure them, is Vienna and Berlin, by which their correctness may be authentic character. the nature of the information which we now proceed to ascertained, and call them— lay before them.

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*This is a mistake. We have 44 and 5 per cent. stocks, but none paying an interest of 53. The "present" prices of the 3 per cents, are 86 to 87, of the 44 per cents. In financial respects, the following present general re- par, of the 5 per cents. 101 to 102, of the 6's, 101 to 1014. The two last being low, because of the expectation that The 6 per cents. stocks sults for the year 1827:Revenue (Poland incl've) r. 138,333,333 £17.291 600 they will be speedily paid off. r. 135,484,990-£16,935 620 of the city of Baltimore are worth 111-Maryland 5 per Expenditure, r 300,000,000-£37,500,0001 cents. 102. National debt,

10,000 Hayti...
6,000 Buenos Ayres.
3,000 Mexico...
Colombia.
Chili...

ditto 80 83

35

40

.6

75 ditto

80

19

21

6

ditto

75

80

18 20

6

85 ditto

90

15

16

80
75
ditto
.6
75
70
...5 ditto

15 16

6 10

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