steps without waiting for her refused or post- of the line, she might have built forty more in poned co-operation? And if they do, what her rivers ready to enter the salt water manceaseless pretexts for further quarrel! If they ned, rigged, and armed at a week's or a month's do not, what an ineffective proviso will the notice; and we should have been in no way second of the "four points" become! To be entitled to remonstrate or prevent. Or she really effectvie, the syndicate should be of might have built and commissioned a fifth and the Four Powers, not of the Five. sixth on a plea that one or two of the others On the fourth point we have only two re- needed to be refitted or replaced:-and all marks to make. The first is that, as long as protests or menaces on our part would have the protectorate of the Christians in Turkey been futile. She would have answered as ciis conceded to any foreign Powers whatever, villy, lied boldly, corresponded slowly; and it would virtually and finally end in being ex- when the fact was complete and undeniable, ercised, mainly if not exclusively, by that should we have gone to war on a question of Power whose co-religionists those Christians one or two ships more, and more than we are, and who has the most sinister and selfish did about the Danube, about Cracow, about interest in interference. Pretexts and occa- Adrianople, about Unkiar Skelessi? It would sions for interference will never be wanting have been but one evaded treaty more. Or to Russia-or if wanting, can always be made. finally, she might have increased her comThe second remark is this,-and it is one we mercial and her steam marine as enormously make with pain. If this general protectorate as she pleased; she might have built her merof the Christians of Turkey-i. e., of four-chant screws and paddles on any construction fifths of the subjects of the Sultan-had been that she pleased; she might have had a vast embalmed in a formal European treaty, the fleet of small transport and steam tugs on independence of the Ottoman Empire would which 50,000 men with arms and artillery have been at an end. Perhaps it is so already. might have sailed from Sebastopol to ConstanAssuredly it cannot be denied that Lord Strat- tinople, before any pretext or any time had ford's circular to the English consuls in Turkey, been given for summoning the Western fleets instructing them and empowering them to from Malta or Toulon. A limitation of ships "protect the Christians in their respective of war, unaccompanied by a limitation of districts, is worthy to rank with Prince Men- steamers and transports, when her victim was zichoff's demands, and is an impeachment of within 48 hours' sail, would be a futile and the Sultan's sovereignty, scarcely one whit unreal security. less audacious or comprehensive than the note But we are reminded (of what indeed seems of the Russian Envoy. The one insolently to have been somewhat unaccountably forgotdemanded rights of interference; the other ten in the Parliamentary discussion) that the coolly assumes and exercises them. The in- proposed limitation of the Russian fleet was to consistency into which we have fallen is deep- be accompanied by the counterpoise of an ly damaging to our position in this matter. equal number of allied ships which were to The Dissenters in Russia, the Protestants in have the right of cruising in the Euxine. No Austria and Spain, and the Bible readers in doubt this, if gained, would be a great and imItaly, are as completely oppressed, as harshly portant concession, and combined with the liand unjustly treated as the Christians in Tur-mitation of the Russian navy, might afford an key-as far as the respective Governments are effectual security to Turkey, if two additional concerned far more so: yet who dreams of postulates could be obtained;-viz., that Enga "protectorate" for them? No one since the days of Cromwell. We "protect" only the sufferers of a State whose independence already is a dream.

land and France should always be at peace and in alliance, and that the English and French fleets should have a secure harbor like Sebastopol to ride in. Unfortunately neither We are delighted to find any points on postulate is within our reach. Future politi which we can agree with men whom we re-cal combinations are notoriously unpredictable; spect and regard so highly, and yet from whom and the Black Sea contains no harbor of any we differ so widely, as Lord Grey and Mr. size or security except those which Russia has Gladstone. We concur with them in thinking monopolized. Thus the privilege demanded that the demand upon Russia for the limita- for the Western Powers, of maintaining a tion of her fleet in the Black Sea, under the actual circumstances of the case, was a double error. It would have been a humiliation which nothing in the success of the war warranted us in expecting her to submit to; and we cannot think that, even if conceded, it would have been an effectual security for Turkey. If we had limited her to four ships

squadron in that inhospitable sea, would be virtually worthless for nearly half the year. The Russian fleet would ride in comfort and safety at Sebastopol, while ours was tossed about in storms, or smashed on rocks, or lost in impenetrable fogs.

We feel as strongly as we have felt from

Russia they were in earnest. They had it in their power to prevent the war, by a positive THE German Governments appear to us, declaration to the Emperor NICHOLAS in throughout the great transactions of diploma- April, 1854, that his refusal to submit to terms cy and of war which have for the last two would be regarded as a casus belli by the years engrossed the attention of the world, to whole of Europe. Austria had it again in have taken a very inaccurate and incomplete her power to compel Russia to terminate the view of their own interests and of their du- struggle by declaring her resolution to go to ties towards the other Powers of Europe. war in April, 1855, if the Third Point of the They have negotiated without effect, they negotiation was not fully accepted and put have partially armed themselves without an into execution. Having failed on these occaobject, they have even signed protocols and sions by their own want of decision and courtreaties without the resolution to act up to age, these Courts are entirely mistaken if their engagements; and, as we advance more they imagine that they can continue to exerand more deeply into this contest, we are re- cise any influence whatever on the policy of luctantly compelled to lay aside and to dismiss the belligerent Powers. They might have all faith in the assurances or the energy of been powerful against Russia, but they are those States. At the present crisis in the war, powerless against us. The same incapacity at the outset of the second campaign, and of action which has confined them within a when the operations of the allied armies are neutrality guarded by protocols blunts the beginning to tell with effect upon the enemy, edges of their weapons, and the West has we hold it to be not only our right but our nothing to fear from their desertion or their reduty to point out to the Cabinet of Vienna sentment. If they imagined that their assistance and Berlin the results of their own puerile was necessary to our success, or their counsel and undecided conduct. We say of Vienna to our policy, the events of the past week and and Berlin, because, from the recent language those which are rapidly succeeding each other of the Austrian Government, we infer that it on the theatre of war may undeceive them. must, for all practical purposes, be ranked They might have shared in the measures of with that of Prussia.-Indeed, of the two lead- the Western Powers, destined to restore seing German powers, Prussia is at least entitled curity to the East, and to reduce the preto the merit of greater consistency than her ponderance of that empire which hangs like a rival. Prussia has not incurred the expense cloud upon their own frontiers. They might of raising, equipping, and maintaining an ar- have participated in the arrangements which my of 600,000 men which she is afraid to use. victory will one day enable the allied Powers Prussia has not signed a treaty of alliance to dictate. Great concessions and an extreme with one of the belligerents in June, and forbearance have been resorted to for the another treaty with the Western Powers in purpose of enabling Germany to resume her December, binding herself to unite her whole proper position in Europe. Those conciliatory efforts with those Powers until the just objects measures not having been attended with sucof the war are thoroughly obtained. Prussia cess, and Germany having withheld her supwas not present at the Conferences of Vien- port when it might have been of use to us, it na, and therefore did not give her unqualified moral support to the propositions of the Western Powers. Thus far Prussia at least escapes the charge of inconsistency which may be urged against Austria, and the only practical difference between the two States now is, that while the Court of Berlin has long since neutralized and extinguished whatever influence it once possessed in Europe, that of Vienna is somewhat more slowly following its example.

of the allied fleet are of sufficiently small will cost his Sovereign and his country millions draught to navigate these waters, and this flo- of treasure and thousands of lives. tilla has instantly swept all resistance before Such we believe to be at this time the prosit. The fort of Arabat, commanding the south- pects of the war. A career of success seems ern extremity of the tongue of land along opening before us, which we trust that our of which one of the post roads passes into the ficers, both by sea and land, will energetically peninsula, has been shelled and blown up. pursue to its furthest consequences, without The town of Berdiansk, one of the best ports fear of being impeded by any further negotiaon the north coast of the Sea of Azoff, burn- tions during the course of the campaign. Any ed its magazines and scuttled its steamers on attempt of the German Powers to renew these the approach of our ships; and we shall with- discussions at the present time deserves only out difficulty retain possession of these waters, to be regarded as an attempt to make a diver forming an integral portion of the Russian ter- sion in favor of the enemy. The basis on ritories, during the continuance of the war. which the negotiations were opened in April The possession of the north eastern coast of is no longer applicable to the present state of the Crimea enables the allies to cut off the affairs. Russia has had numerous and ample supplies, and even to menace the retreat of the opportunities of averting the calamities and enemy, while the increased force of the allied reverses which seem destined to befall her, but armies enables them to assume a more threat- she has deliberately rejected them, because, ening attitude in his front. On the same day in the ignorance and presumption which have that the forces occupied Kertch a French corps marked her conduct throughout this quarrel, d'armée crossed the Tchernaya and encamped she had miscalculated the power really arrayat Tchorgoun, on the right bank of that stream, ed against her. Austria and Prussia have had and there is reason to believe that the Turk- similar opportunities of arresting the effusion ish army at Eupatoria has received reinforce- of blood, but they have failed as mediators bements, which will speedily enable OMAR cause they had failed as allies, and they have PASHA to advance. The general plan of seen nothing in this broad European question operations is still disguised in secrecy, and, as but their own petty advantage. War, by its our observations are transmitted daily to St. stern reality, reduces these illusions and artiPetersburg in four or five hours, we shall not fices to their proper value. That principle of attempt to fathom it. But it is no secret that military honor, which is in the eyes of Mr. the allied commanders are now in full posses- GLADSTONE of such small account, is in realision of forces which must be greatly superior ty the ultimate test to which these contests of to those of the enemy, and of a position which mankind must be submitted, for the battles of enables them to use those forces with the ut- the world are its lessons, its judgments, and most facility. These preparations were made the sanction of its laws. Every success of our while Prince GORTSCHAKOFF was exhausting arms is a step to the restoration of order and the Conference of Vienna by the prolixity of of peace, on condition that we never recede, his speeches and the subtlety of his objections, but advance fearlessly to the end of our ef and the diplomatic scruples of that Envoy forts and the triumph of our cause.-Times,

2d June 1855.

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE-No. 582.-21 JULY 1855.

Oft by that sight for the coming fight was the youthful bosom. fired:

Let his passport be the memory of the valor he inspired!'

"Ye cannot pass. 'Soldier, alas! a dismal boon

we crave.

Say, is there not some lonely spot where his friends may dig a grave?

LOUIS DAVID, THE REGICIDE. Ir is now thirty years since his death at Brussels. On the subject of the interdict against his dead body by Charles the Tenth, a piece of brutality, bad taste, and blundering combinedwhich three attributes go together to constitute a perfect Bourbonism-Beranger wrote one of the most beautiful of his patriotic odes, which was rendered into English verse by the celebrated Father Prout, and published in Frazer's Maga-Oh! zine a few years afterwards. As the fifth of a century has passed away, and another generation has sprung up since this beautiful translation, scarcely second to the original, appeared in the then glorious pages of "Regina," it may be unknown to most of the readers of the Evening

Post.

"That corpse can't pass! 'tis my duty, alas !'
said the frontier sentinelle.
'But pity take, for his country's sake, and his
clay do not repel

From its kindred earth, from the land of his
birth!' cried the mourners in their turn.
'Oh! give to France the inheritance of her
painter's funeral urn:

His pencil traced, on the Alpine waste of the
pathless Mount Gothard,

Napoleon's course on a snow-white horse !-let a grave be his reward!

For he loved this land-ay, his dying hand to paint her fame he'd lend her,

Let his passport be the memory of his native country's splendor!'

You cannot pass,' said the guard, ‘alas '—and tears bedimm'd his eyes

'Though France may count to pass that mount a glorious enterprise.'

Then pity take, for fair Freedom's sake,' said the mourners once again:

'Her favorite was Leonidas, with his band of
Spartan men.

Did not his art to them impart life's breath, that
France might see

What a patriot few in the gap could do at old
Thermopyla?

DLXXXII. LIVING AGE. VOL. X. 9

pity take, for that hero's sake whom he gloried to portray

With crown and palm, at Notre Dame, on his coronation-day.

Amid that band the withered hand of an aged pontiff rose,

And his blessing shed on the conqueror's head, forgetting his own woes.

He drew that scene, nor dreamt, I wean, that yet a little while,

And the hero's doom would be a tomb, far off in a lonely isle!'