forty-five per cent. ad valorem, until the thirtieth of June, eighteen hundred and thirty, and fifty per cent. ad valorem thereafter.

3d. All goods composed of wool, or of which wool is a component part, (except as aforesaid) costing in a foreign country over fifty cents per square yard, and not exceeding two dollars and fifty cents per square yard, to be taken and deemed to have cost two dollars and fifty cents per square yard, and the duty to be charged as in the preceeding section.

4th. All goods composed of wool, or of which wool is a component part, (except as aforesaid), costing in a foreign country more than two dollars and fifty cents per square yard, and not exceeding four dollars per square yard, to be deemed and taken to have cost four dollars per square yard, and the duty to be charged as in the Second section.

5th. All goods composed of wool, or of which wool is a component part, (except as aforesaid), costing more than four, and not exceeding six dollars per square yard, to be deemed and taken to have cost six dollars per square yard, and the duty to be charged as in the second

section.

6th All goods composed of wool, or of which wool is a component part, (excepted as aforesaid,) which shall cost in a foreign country more than six dollars per square yard, to be charged as in the second section.

7th. The adequate protection of woollen blankets, is respectfully submitted to congress, so as to secure their manufacture in the United States.

consistent friends of a general system-one that has ne-
ver refused protection to the "merchants and others,"
but equally supported measures for the protection of the
agriculturalists and manufacturers; and he ventures to
suggest that country hawbucks may as rightfully ask con-
gress for a "break-woollens," as the "merchants and
others" for a break-water. This, to be sure, is rather
bold, and will, no doubt, be resented by the privileged
class, who pronounce upon questions of war or peace,
and decide all matters relative to the internal and ex-
ternal affairs of our country, by gathering half-a-dozen
persons together, natives or foreigners, and dubbing
themselves a "chamber of commerce"--and the names
of those present, if not kept concealed by compact,
are not to be obtained by ordinary inquirios. At least,
this was the result some years since, when a little
knot of individuals in Baltimore, the "chamber of com-
merce," pronounced upon a broad sy stem of the national
policy, and against the almost unanimous vote of both
houses of congress. These "merchants and others" have
the modesty to ask that a ship of the line may be sent
to protect their property vested in the cargo of a schooner,
and are "full of fight," when they are molested, or in-
terfered with, in their pursuits; and they succeeded so far as
to produce a war on their account, and build up the naval
establishment, for their protection, which costs us three
or four millions of dollars a year. But the time has
nearly arrived, when the people will not vote money for
"break-water" unless they have also a "break-wool-
lens"-when they will see it is not less absurd to im-
port British goods, which we can just as well make for
ourselves, than keep up a navy for the protection of Ame-
rican ships, when British ones will as well carry our pro-
ducts to market and bring us all that we are able to pay
for. The principle is the same, and it will be applied
IF THE PROTECTED REFUSE PROTECTION. Let the "mer-
chants and others" look to it. The real friends of the
"American system,' "who have always supported nati-

hold supplies for the protecting squadrons in the Pacific,
South Atlantic and Mediterranean; and they ought to do
it, and will do it, unless more decently treated than here-
tofore, by those whose every wish they have endeavored to
gratify; and these will be made to feel, seeing that they
will not do unto others as they would that others should
do unto them, but on chastisement for wrongs wilfully
and arrogantly committed. We ask the boldest of these
"merchants and others" to tell us why their property,
10,000 miles off, shall be protected, and other persons,
property, even on the Schuylkill, be "let alone," to pro-
tect itself.

We had, from the beginning, great faith in the equity and safety of these propositions, for they were adjusted and offered by a body of practical and intelligent men, with a view to the protection both of agriculture and manufactures, on broad national principles, and to relieve our country of its dependence on Europe for essential articles of clothing-and with a settled belief that the effect would be, a reduction in the price of woollen goods, such as has taken place in those made out of cotton.-gation as a part of it, have, at least, the power to with We repeat it, that the interests of the growers and manufacturers of wool cannot be seperated withou. injury to both, or the actual ruin of one or the other business, and a consequent advance of the price of foreign goods, for the profit of foreigners. The (above) proposed duty upon wool will instantly exclude all that can come into competition with our own coarse or common wools, and encourage the growth of the finer and best qualities-immediately, by a duty that cannot be evaded, equal, perhaps, to an average of thirty-three per cent. on the cost of the commodity, prospectively rising to one hundred per cent. except for very choice parcels; and, though there is some wool worth more than even a dollar per pound in Saxony, &c. the quantity of such fine wool is much smaller than any other than a practical man would suppose, unless specially informed on the subject. We have seen an authentic statement of the sorting at a most respectable factory, of 80,000 lbs. of American merino wool, costing about 40 cents per pound, which yielded less than 500 pounds of wool worth more than a dollar per pound.

These modest gentlemen are very much like a tailor of our acquaintance who was opposing an increase of the duty upon woollens, because, as we knew, he made less profit on the sale of American than of British clothsthe price of the first being known to his customers and of the latter concealed. We said to him-"well-you oppose our system, and we will adopt your's, if you insist upon it. We will not only import the cloths, but encourage the importation of ready-made clothes!" The There are other great interests involved in the bill re- eyes of the blind were opened, and he spoke quite learnparted by the committee. The operation of these are, edly about the loss of employment that would follow, however, better understood and more easily appreciated and of its effects upon the state of society, and of the poor by those who shall take the trouble to reflect upon them.women and children, and so forth. The shoe "pinched But we suppose that the objects intended to be accom- the tailor and he recanted his opinions. So will the plished cannot be brought about by the rates of duties to "merchants"-when the people resolve that commerce be levied, on, at least, one or two leading articles. and navigation shall really be left to themselves when the

We have just received a copy of the "minutes of navy shall be laid up in "dry dock," or the ships i evidence taken before the committee on manufactures." only and exclusively used for the purposes of discipline We have no doubt that it contains much valuable infor--when all our agents, ministers and others, in foreign mation-but time is not allowed for the present reading. We render to the committee great credit for its industry, and for redeeming the pledge given, that a bill should be reported in January. The whole matter is now with epngress, and we are anxious, indeed, for the result.

"COFFEE HOUSE" POLITICIANS. We have an admirable article in the "American Republican," published at Westchester, Pennsylvania, on the proceedings of the "merchants and others," at the coffee-house, in Philadelphia, to prevent the passage of any law for the further protection of domestic industry-and must give it a place. The author, we suspect, is one of the old fashioned and

countries, shall be withdrawn--for their chief, or whole business appertairs to commerce-when an insult to our flag flying on the mast of a schooner in the Pacific, shall not be more of a national affair than a like insult, by a British agent or his partizans, to the same flag displayed on the beltry of a cotton mill; when the grower of grain and the carrier of flour, shall be equally respected by the laws of the land, in being equally supported by the national legislature.

DOMESTIC SALT. We have been interested in examining a "memorial of the manufacturers of salt, in the county of Kenawha, in the state of Virginia, against tho

repeal of the duty on imported salt," printed by order of the senate of the United States. It is rich in statistical matter as to this important article, and the facts stated strongly incline us to favor the memorialists, not for the sake of the manufacturers, but for the security afforded to consumers from the domestic competition and supply; and it is made manifest that the home manufacture has had an irresistible tendency to keep down the price. There were made at Kenawha 787,000 bushels in the last year, (and the quantity may be increased as desired, water and fuel being abundant), at an average price of 25 cents for a bushel of 50lb. The whole product of salt in the United States is estimated at 4,113,000 bushels; and last year there were imported 4,564,000-together showing the whole consumption. We shall at some more leisure period, gladly make a record of the facts collected in this valuable paper. It is not probable that any alteration will at present be made as to the duties levied upon salt; the admission of it, free of duty, would certainly reduce its price to some of its consumers, but, in our opinion, this would not counterbalance the injury that might be inflicted, and especially in a state of war must be suffered, by the destruction of the domestic manufacture, now nearly equal to one half of the whole demand, and capable of supplying it, if exerted in a time of

need.

TANNER'S ATIAS. The North American Review thus speaks of this splendid work-"On the whole as an American atlas, we believe Mr. Tanner's work to hold a rank far above any other which has been published. It is a trophy of American enterprize which it becomes a discerning publie to regard with favor, and reward with substantial patronage.'

[This great work of Mr. Tanner well deserves the praise bestowed upon it. We have frequent occasion to admire its accuracy and perspicuity. The "Cabinet Atlas," of Mr, Lucas, of Baltimore, we would equally recommend, for its taste and truth, to the public. The one on a large scale, and the other on a small one, hold rank with any like productions that we have seen from any country, and in every respect—and at comparatively very moderate prices.]

"CONTINENTAL MONEY." The speaker of the house! of representatives lately presented a letter from Mr. Rush, dated treasury department, 24th Jan. 1828, shewing the number and amount of the issues of continental money during the revolutionary war, designating each issue of such money, and the amount thereof, and the rates at which, from time to time, it was made receivable by creditors of the United States, or persons engaged in their service, in payment of debts or wages due them. Statement of the issues of continental money. When authz'd by congress, pgs. of journals. Amounts. 1775, June 22, 125 $2,000,000 177 1,000,000

July 25,

Nov. 29,

1776, Feb. 17,

May 9, & 27,

vol. 1, p.

vol. 2, p.

July 22, & Aug. 13,

Nov. 2, & Dec. 28,

1777, Feb. 26,

vol. 5, p.

May 20,

Aug. 15,

THE SINKING FUND.

289 10,000,100

360 5,000,180

360 10,000,080

284 5,000,180

419 5,000,040

420 5,050,500

438 10,000,140

$241,552,078

We are glad to see from the following report, laid before the house of representatives on the 6th inst. that the annual appropriation of ten millions for the redemption of the principal and payment of interest on the debt of the United States, has been faithfully ap plied-and not diverted to other purposes, as sometimes happened a few years ago: We are not over anxious for paying off the public debt, but decidedly approbate regularity and order in the public business. The commissioners of the sinking fund respectfully re port to congress:—

That the measures which have been authorized by the board subsequent to the last report, of the 6th of February, 1827, as far as the same have been completed, are fully detailed in the report of the secretary of the treasury to this board, dated the second of the present month, and in the statements therein referred to, which are herewith transmitted, and prayed to be recieved as J. C. CALHOUN, part of their report. vice president.

Treasury department, Feb, 2d, 1828. The secretary of the treasury respectfully reports to the commissioners of the sinking fund

That the sums disbursed from the treasury during the year 1826, on account of the principal and interest of the public debt, amounted, as per last annual report, to $11,045,466 30. And have been accounted for in the following manner, viz:

There was applied for the payment of a
273 3,000,000 sum short, provided on account of the pub-
lic debt, prior to the 1st January, 1826, as
66 4,000,000
164 5,000,000 per statement B, annexed to the last re-
280,308 5,000,000 port,
440,509 5,000,000

831 1,000,000

555

There was repaid into the treasury, on
account of moneys advanced for the pay-

80 5,000,000 ment of the 6 per cent. stock of 1813, (loan
194 5,000,000 of millions), as per statement D, an-
nexed to the said report,
480 1,000,000 And there was applied during the year
1,000,000 |
12 1,000,000 1826, towards the payment of the principal
and interest of the public debt, as ascertain-
47 2,000,000 ed by accounts rendered to this department,
as per the annexed statement A, the sum
of $11,010,972 75, viz:

101
133 2,000,000
190 1,000,000

2,000,000

207 5,000,000

In the redemption of 6 per cent. stock 423 5,000,000 of 1813, (residue of the loan of 74 million,)

303 5,000,000

362 5,000,000 In the redemption of the 6

434 5,000,000 per cent. stock of 1813, (part

$5,062,402 50

621 5,000,000 of the loan of 16 millions), 2,002,506 71

567 10.090,000 In the redemption of the

639 10,000,000 residue of the 7 per cent. stock
713 10,000,000 of 1815,

In the reimbursement of
treasury notes,
Ditto, of Mississippi stock,

25.00

110,616 97

6,021 70

one half of the states of the confederacy. He could not mending to the general assembly at this time, the adoption but think, that if all the states which are directly inter- of any specific measure which I may think imperiously ested and whose navigable waters will be united by the called for to meet and subdue the alarming crisis. BePennsylvania canal, would urge their claims, they would sides, I am conscious that the great body of the people not be urged in vain to a paternal legislature. Pennsyl- of Virginia have a just and full confidence on their gevania, even if she stood alone, would present strong neral assembly, and expect every member to do his duty claims to a share of the national patronage. Her con- in the worst of times. This conviction furnishes an adtributions of men and money in both of the great strug-ditional motive with me, for relying with confidence upon gles for national rights, and the stream of richies, which, such measures, as the general assembly, in its exclusive in the shape of duties on imports, her commercial city judgment, may think proper to adopt upon the momenpours into the national treasury, presents claims which tous occasion. I cannot avoid observing, however, that ought not to be resisted. She has paid nearly 100 mil- it must be a subject of the highest gratification to every lions into the national treasury, since the adoption of the citizen within the sections of country now laboring undey constitution, and with the aid of her own increasing pro- the unauthorised oppressions of the general government, ductious and those of the wide western regions which to know that the local authorities over them have comwill pass through the Pennsylvania canal, her exports peteut constitutional means in their own hands for the will, in a few years, surpass those of any state in the purpose of doing themselves justice, if most unfortunate union. The receipts in the national treasury will be ly they should be forcibly driven to that deprecated reproportionably auginented by the duties on the return sort. In fact, in the worst state of things, that the oppressed sections of country afford abundant means to the local authorities, to secure to themselves, in their intercourse with the world, all the salutary independence of nations to protect themselves, without the least hazard, against physical force from every quarter. through the same means, their wealth and prosperity might be augmented to an amount beyond any estimate which has yet been made in the contemplation of that. view of the subject.

cargoes.

Mr. L. said he could not doubt the willing co-operation of all the western states above the falls of the Ohio. He had conversed with many of their most enlightened men, and he knew it was the prevailing sentiment, that they would rather relinquish the navigation of the Mississippi, than the advantage of a canal navigation to the eastern waters. Ohio, in a commercial sense, will become part of the western Pennsylvania, and contains more Jand fit for tillage than any state in the whole confederacy, and, the next to Pennsylvania, will be the most productive in commodities. Ohio has already by an act of the legislature, authorising the connexion of the Pennsylvania and Ohio canals, evinced her desire to send her surplus products to the Delaware. He therefore, would propose that the states directly interested should manifest a becoming zeal in a cause of national importance, but more particularly touching their own commercial interests. Their voice will be heard by a wise government possessing an overflowing treasury, and able and willing to promote the common welfare, by affording an additional shelter to all coasting vessels, and protecting the growing commerce of the Delaware.

LEGISLATURE OF VIRGINIA.

In the house of delegates, on the 8th inst. the following message was.received and referred to a select commitfee: It is a strange article.}

Executive department, Feb. 8, 1828. Sin: In compliance with the resolutions of the respective legislatures of S. Carolina and Georgia, I now do myself the bonor of laying before the general assembly the proceedings of each of the legislatures of those states, upon the subject of the tariff, internal improvements, and the American colonization society.

Whilst I sincerely lament the unwise, unjust, and illfated measures, which have given rise to these proceedings, I fully concur in the principles and doctrines therein asserted, and demonstrated; as well as in their anticipation of the fatal consequences to the union of these states, in the event of a perseverance in the deprecated measures on the part of the general government. Believing that a laudable spirit of inquiry is just awakened by the pressure of intolerable burthens, especially upon the great staple productions of agriculture, and above all upon the production of wheat; and that the time is now arrived, when every American citizen ought to be iuformed of the true character and destructive operations of those unauthorized measures, as well as in regard to their unjust and oppressive sectional bearings, as in regard to their destructive influence upon the great principle of American liberty, secured to the American people in written constitutions,-I take pleasure in submiting those vitally interesting subjects to the general assembly, and I most respectfully ask for their most profound consideration.

Feeling the highest gratification from the conviction that the general assembly, under every emergency, will ever be found equal to the highest destinies which may devolve upon it, through the solemn requisitions and injunctions of our fundamental laws; and particularly so, when placed by them as centinels to guard the rights and liberties of the Virginia people, and of the corporate rights of the state of Virginia, I shall refrain from recom

Whilst

I hope too, I may be indulged for remarking further, that it has always been matter of surprise to me, that even the enamoured votaries of these immoral, unjust, delusive schemes, should be so blinded by their own interests and passions, as to bribe the contributors inhabiting the tributary sections of country into the contemplation of these powerful allurements, which every impartial, intelligent citizen, be his habitation where it may, must know will necessarily attend a change in their political relations with the world; whilst the inhabitants of the sectious of country receiving the unhallowed tribute, as being composed of the property of others, must know, that they have every thing to fear, and nothing to hope, from any change in their political condition, in relation to the rest of the union and of the world. And it must hereafter be a subject of unavailing reproach to themselves, and of conscious approbation, on the part of the tributaries, to know, if such lamentable change should be brought about, that it was done against the wishes of the inhabitants of the tributary sections of country; even after long endurance, and frequent warnings on their part; but was forcibly impelled by a perseverance in unauthorised excessive impositions on others, by those who alone must ultimately feel all the injurious consequences of their own immoral, li-ludged and ill-fated schemes. I am very respectfully, sir, your ob't. serv't. WM. B. GILES. To the hon. speaker of the house of representatives. TWENTIETH CONGRESS-1st SESSION. SENATE.

February 1. The vice president communicated a letter from the secretary of the senate, requesting leave of absence for a few days; and, on motion of Mr. Cobb, leave was granted.

The bill for the relief of Susan Decatur, (widow of the late captain Stephen Decatur), was taken up, briefly considered, and laid upon the table.

The bill for the relief of Dodd & Bernard, and others, was, after having been explained by Messrs. Hayne, Johnston, of Louisiana, and Smith of Maryland, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.

The bill concerning the school-lands in the several territories of the United States, was, after having been briefly explained by Mr. Barton, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.

The unfinished business of yesterday-a bill to provide for the relief of certain surviving officers of the revolu tionary army—was taken up.

Mr. Branch, who moved the adjournment of yesterday, addressed the senate in opposition to the bill. Mr. Macon followed, at considerable length, on the same side.

Mr. Bell offered an amendment, to strike out all the bill after the enacting clause, and insert a bill pro

February 4. Mr, Cobb presented a report and resolutions of the legislature of Georgia, in relation to the lands occupied by the Cherokee Indians, insisting on the fulfilment of the compacts between that state and the United States, and instructing their senators to lay the subject before the federal government. Referred to the in the senate to day. After the usual preparatory busiFebruary 5. Nothing of importance was transacted committee on Indian affairs and ordered to be printed. ness, the presentation of petitions, &c, several engrossed Mr. Cobb also presented a letter of the governor of bills were passed, and the bill for the relief of the revo Georgia, enclosing a resolution of the legislature of that lutionary and other pensioners, having been taken up state, denying the power of congress to aid the objects of and laid on the table, the senate went into the conthe colonization society; which, on his motion, was or-sideration of executive business, and having remained dered to lie on the table and be printed.

February 6. The vice president communicated a let ter from the governor of Georgia, enclosing a report of a committee, adopted by the legislature of that state, in Mr. McKinley presented the memorial of the legis-relation to the powers of the general government, for the Inture of Alabama, on the subject of the public lands, and moved that so much of the memorial as related to the purchase of the lands by the states, be referred to a select committee of seven; which being agreed to,Messrs. McKinley, Barton, Bell, Branch, Tyler, Hendricks, and King, were appointed by ballot.