emblem. Cybele or the mother of the gods is often engraven with at cornucopia: and Tacitus* mentions a German people that worshipped. this goddefs, and ufed the boar as the emblem of their fuperftition : which was an amulet, a charm against all dangers. They feldom made use of iron weapons, but often of clubs. It appears to me that what rifes above the boar is intended for an inftrument of that kind. The figure is deprived of its head; I cannot purfue my comparison with this deity any farther. No. II. is a fecond headlefs figure refembling the former, only that a fort of fhort clofe mantle covers the fhoulders and breast. It has the wheel, altar, and cornucopia; but beneath the feet appear the crupezia, fuch as are beneath the feet of the celebrated ftatue of the dancing Fawn. No. III. is a figure fitting in a chair (with large elbows), cloathed in garments much plaited and folded: on the lap are apples or fruits. Nebalennia, a Zeland goddefs, is reprefented in this attitude +,and her lap thus filled: the habit differs: but this deity might have. been adopted by another nation, who dreffed her according to its own mode. Nehalennia was the deity of the chalk-diggers, as appears by an infcription preserved by Reinefius, p. 190.. DEA NEHALENNI OB MERCES RITE CONSERVATAS: M. SECUNDUS SILVANUS NEGOTTOR ORETARIUS BRITANNICIANUS., V. S. L M. De moribus Germanorum, c. 45. † Montfaucon. II. part ii. p. 443. Keyfler Antiq. Celt. 236. The The chalk trade was very confiderable in this island. Pliny very faithfully describes the manner, in which in fome places it is worked at present, and adds, that it was a manure that would laft eighty years. As this earth fo greatly promoted fertility, it is not without reafon that the lap of the goddess is filled with it. No. IV. is a curious groupe of three figures ftanding with their backs to a long feat with elbows. They are habited in a loose fagum, or faic, as the Britons name it, reaching but little below the knees that in the middle is diftinguished by a pointed flap, and a veffel filled, whether with fruits or corn is not very evident. These may perhaps be the Dea matres of the barbarous nations, and introduced here by fome of the German levies; there having been found in Britain three altars dedicated to them by the Tungrian cohort. They were local deities, protectreffes of certain towns and villages among the Gauls + and Germans, by whom they were transported into Britain, which is acknowledged in two infcriptions, where they are called tranfmarine. If they were rural deities, the contents of the cup is very apt. I may remark that the antients in general were fond of the number THREE; and the Gauls are known to groupe their deities very frequently in triplets; a number the most complete, as it regards Beginning, Middle, and End. The Vth figure is a fpecies of fhoe in all probability belonging to the natives of this ifland; and was found in a moor in Cumber- Lib. XVII. c. 8. +Archælogia, Vol. III. 1. Gordon. tab. xxxvi. xxxix. and xl. Keyfler Antiq. Celt. tab. xv. land. 270 SEPT. 20. CARLISLE. land. It is formed of one piece of leather; and nicely adapted to the foot. The cuoranen till very lately worn by the Highlanders was of this nature; the mockafins of the North American nations are not much diffimilar: fo exactly does neceffity operate in diftant countries in producing the fame inventions. The ift figure in the tail piece is dreffed in its fagum. On the right is a veffel standing on two high legs or fupports. The figure feems going to fling in what it holds in one hand: the other leans on fomething that refembles an ear of corn. This probably is a rural deity of fome barbarous nation. No. II. is a victory treading with one foot on a globe: in one hand a mural crown; in the other a palm branch. Beneath the crown, VIC. AUG. or Victoria Augufti. Mr. Horley, who has engraven this stone, fuppofes it to belong to the emperor Commodus. No. III. is also engraven by the fame gentleman. The upper figure is that of a Sea Goat, a chimera; the other he styles a Pegafus, and has given it more exact representation of wings than are found on the fculpture. Crofs the Eden to Carlisle, a pleasant city, furrounded with walls, like Chester, but they are very dirty, and kept in very bad repair. The castle is antient, but makes a good appearance at a distance: the view from it is fine, of rich meadows, at this time covered with thousands of cattle, it being fair-day. The Eden here forms two branches, and infulates the ground; over one is a bridge of four, over the other one of nine arches. There is befides a profpect of a rich country, and a diftant view of Cold-fells, Crofs-fells, Skiddaw, and other mountains. The |