once given them (in connection with the far older and more mythological Siegfried-saga) in the Niebelungenlied. With what was thus kept alive in the memory of the people and their stories of " upon a time," Luther shows his familiarity in a host of passing notices, most of which are rather contemptuous indeed, but they enable us to imagine how the winter nights went on, to the hum of spinning-wheels, by Thuringian firesides, when he was young. In his Exposition of the Pater Noster (1518) he complains that these and other fables were made the matter of sermons. In what way this was done we may gather from his book Against the New Prophets, in which he charges them with fanciful and far-fetched allegorical expositions of the Bible, "as if I out of Dieterich von Bern would make Christ-out of the Giant that he fought with the Devil-out of the Dwarf, humility-out of his Captivity, the death of Christ." He alludes to Dieterich's "prowess" in one of his sermons, and in another calls him and Hildebrand and Roland “giants,” and Roland “a great murderer and devourer of the people." He classes the sagas in which those heroes figure with "the stories that the good wives and maidens tell at the spinning-wheel," with "the sayings such as vagabond rogues use," and with the profane and in part useless and harmful Folksbooks, such as the Parson of Kalenberg. Urging the reverence shown for God's Word by his friends as proof of their true character, he asks: "Who then are they that are Christians? Are they those that read Marcolfus [and Solomon,] or Dieterich von Bern or Ulenspiegel." In another place he says: "If the story of Dieterich von Bern be told, it is easy to listen to it as if for the first time." 66 The Tannahauser-saga was also not unknown to him; he speaks "Frau Venus, by others called Frau Hulde" and her witch-treasures. He knew also of the popular belief common to so many nations, that the greatest and most loved of rulers-in this case Frederick Barbarosa-was not dead but sleeping till this signal for his return to his beloved and longing people: "I heard a prophecy in the land, when I was still a child, that Kaiser Frederick would yet rescue the Holy Sepulcher." These stray notices, in whatever tone or mood they were uttered, show that the traditions of his people had sunk deeply into the lad's mind and had come to form part of his mental furni ture. 1Of the abuse of the Mass (1522). SPEECH-DAY AT HAILEYBURY. Na bright pleasant June day some English friends invited me to go with them to Haileybury for "Speech-day." Nothing loath to leave London, and its whirl of excitement, I joined them very readily, and was prepared from the start to enjoy every. thing. The railroad ride was enlivened by two or three young English girls, by a staid and sober English mother, by a learned divine, and by an Eton boy and Cambridge fellow, each of whom gave me some preparatory information, a good deal influenced by the relation he bore to the public school we were about to visit. The old Eton boy thought there was no such school as Eton, but in his capacity as Fellow of Trinity he had been an Examiner at Haileybury, and he was not backward in praising the diligent study of the Haileyburians. The clergyman and the matron had each a boy at Haileybury, and they looked on the new school, for such is Haileybury as compared to Eton or the other great public schools, with special affection for its freedom from many of the qualities that in parental eyes are no advantage to the young Etonians. The girls liked everything their brothers liked, and were not a little pleased with the opportunity of showing their knowledge of college life to an American. Arrived at Haileybury, I soon inade acquaintance with its externals. The buildings belong to the period, now nearly half a century back, when the East India Company established Haileybury as a training school for its future employees, but with the change in the East India Company, by which the government of India became part of the Imperial system, Haileybury was no longer needed, and it was sold to a private corporation which established on the old site a public school on the basis of the older and greater schools, but with the distinctive character of a school for sons of persons of limited means and belonging to the Church of England. The buildings were old, and yet not old enough to be made beautiful by time, but they were well arranged and well suited for the purpose. A large quadrangle of fairly proportioned, but rather barrack-like looking buildings, contained the different school-rooms, dormitories, master's house, chapel and dining-hall, and beyond these were the play-grounds; here, as in all English schools, a very important part of the school life and training. The dormitories were sets of rooms, of a fairly modern arrangement, neat and comfortable, furnished by the boys according to their own taste, and showing signs of the holiday haste and preparation for the great event of the year-Speech-day. In spite of the hurry and bustle that marked both teachers and scholars, the latter found time to begin a cricket match, and to finish a game of ball, while the masters were welcoming the parents and friends of their pupils, discussing publicly the affairs of the school, and privately those of the scholars, and I used the time to get some insight into the arrangement of the corps of instructors, and the school circular, which gave the names of twenty-two instructors, under a head master, with the following details : This school has been established for the education of the sons of the clergy and laity. The religious training is in accordance with the doctrines and formularies of the Church of England. The education is similar to that of our best public schools, in classics, mathematics, and modern languages. No pupil will be admitted to the school, except with the special sanction of the master, under twelve or above fourteen years of age. There is an entrance examination in which boys must reach a certain standard according to age. The principal subjects of this examination are Latin and Greek grammar and construing. Arithmetic and French are also required. There is a modern side, limited in numbers, to which boys are admitted who are designed for some branch of the public services (civil or military), or for civil engineering. If any vacancies remain after such boys have been provided for, the claims of o.hers are considered. Boys may pass from the classical into the modern side, or enter it direct. In either case there is an entrance examination in Latin, French, mathematics, and English dictation. The payment of £100 constitutes the person paying a life donor, who shall have the continuous right of having one pupil in the school on his nomination; and shall be eligible as a life governor. Donors paying 35 guineas have one nomination only, the right to be exercised in turn, as vacancies occur. In case a life donor die before he or she have nominated a pupil, the council may, at the option of his or her representatives, either return the donation, or admit a pupil nominated by them at such time as, had the life donor lived, the right of nomination might have been exercised. Pupils not nominated, are required to pay Sons of laymen, seventy guineas per annum. Pupils, if nominated by life donors or donors, are required to pay Sons of laymen, sixty guineas per annum. Sons of clergymen, fifty guineas per annum. Every pupil will also be required to pay per term, for medical attendance, 75.; for house master, 14s.; and for sanatorium expenses, 73. An entrance fee of two guineas is required from each pupil on his admission, for the use of plate and linen. Instrumental music-entrance fee, 10s. 6d., and £1 IIS. 67. per term. Drawing- Is. per term. Private tuition in classics or mathematics, £3 35. per term. Charges will be made for books, stationery and breakages. Every boy on the modern side is charged £2 2s, per term as "supplementary tuition fee," which covers all expense for all kinds of extra instruction required in special subjects. The average of the payments for a full year, tradesmen's bills and all extras included, is as follows: Eight lowest bills, £66 os. 6d. eight highest, £112 15s. Id. General average, £89 7s. 9d. Two scholarships of £30 per annum, and one of £20 per an num, will be open to competition annually to all boys, whether at the school or not, under the age of fourteen. Two exhibitions, value £50 per annum, will be open to competition annually to all boys at the school under the age of nineteen, and will be tenable for a period not exceeding four years at Oxford or Cambridge. The year is divided into three terms, with holidays at Christmas, Easter, and the autumn. Pupils cannot remain in the lower school after sixteen, or in the college after eighteen years of age, except they be in the sixth form, without special leave from the master. Previously to the removal of a pupil a term's notice, or a term's payment, will be required. The terminal charge for board and tuition must be paid in advance, a fortnight before the commencement of each term. Before long we were ushered into the chapel, and the regular services of the day soon began. A large audience of attractivelooking people followed closely all the exercises, and indeed it required no little interest in them to sit for two or three hours of a bright June day, listening to speeches, recitations and essays, relieved only by the capital singing of the boys in four-part songs and glees. Very good music it was, too, by Mendelssohn, Barnby and other good masters, and set to very good words, for the songs were Shakespeare's, Burns', Longfellow's, and other such goodly song writers. The distribution of prizes, consisting of books and money, was cleverly broken up into different places and parts of the programme, so as to give a knot of boys their rewards immediately after their own verses and essays, and thus the interest in their work was heightened by seeing them get the reward of it in kind and of a more substantial sort than the applause which followed their well-turned Latin verses or Greek prose. The programme consisted of three sets of Latin verses Alcaics, translated from Cowper, Hexameters and Elegiacs; of Latin prose, translated from Motley and Clarendon; of Greek prose and verse Then scenes from Racine's Les Plaideurs, from Artistophanes' Acharnians and from Shakespeare's Henry IV., besides prize essays in divinity, history, natural sciences, and in French and German, twenty in all, and there were about fifty men named for different parts of the programme, with about twenty-five different subjects, some of the recitations from plays having half a dozen different parts, but the pieces were short and well spoken. The quality of the work was very good. How far the boys deserved the merit of its being so well done was not easily ascertained, for the printed paper giving he English verses with their Greek and Latin translations stated that "these exercises were printed with some correction." The elocution was good, too, with the characteristic marks of English training; the diction and enunciation were simple and almost severe; there was an absence of gesticulation, and the few gestures |