Tis the star-spangled banner, O long may it wave No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave; And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave. Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved homes and the war's desolation, Blest with victory and peace, may the heavenrescued land Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation. Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, HYMN FOR THE FOURTH OF JULY. Before the Lord we bow, The God who reigns above, The nation thou hast blest For this fair land, Our fathers sought thee, Lord, Led by thy hand To victory, God of our lives! that hand Still may it be May every mountain height, May every tongue Earth! hear thy Maker's voice, The Crucified. And when in power He comes, To Heaven's high King, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS. THE American Academy of Arts and Sciences was founded at Boston, 1780, and was the second institution of its class in the country. Its objects, as expressed in its charter, are "to promote and encourage the knowledge of the antiquities of America, and of the natural history of the country, and to determine the uses to which the various natural productions of the country may be applied, to promote and encourage medical discoveries, mathematical disquisitions, philosophical inquiries and experiments, meteorological and geographical observations and improvements in agriculture, arts, manufactures, and commerce; and, in fine, to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people." The number of members cannot be less than forty or more than two hundred, and four stated meetings are to be held every year. The Presidency of the institution has been held in succession by the following eminent gentlemen: James Bowdoin, John Adains, Edward A. Holyoke, John Q. Adams, Nathaniel Bowditch, and John Pickering, all of whom have been already noticed in these pages. We have also spoken of Count Rumford, whose foundation by bequest of a fund, in the control of the Academy, for the encouragement of researches in heat and light, has been of material service in advancing its objects. The first volume of Memoirs was published in 1785. Four volumes have since appeared, all of a uniform quarto size. Among the contributors we meet with the names of President Kirkland, J. E. Worcester, Nuttail the ornithologist, Dr. Holyoke, James Bowdoin, President Willard, and Professor Williams of Harvard, James Winthrop, Jeremy Belknap, Caleb Gannett, Edward Wigglesworth, Noah Webster, Theophilus Parsons, the Rev. Joseph M'Kean, President of Bowdoin College, Dr. Bowditch, Professor John Farrar, Thaddeus Mason Harris, Benjamin Pierce, John Pickering, and David H. Storer. Dr. Jacob Bigelow is at present the presiding officer of the society. donation of $10,000 has been recently received from the executors of the late Samuel Appleton, being part of a fund bequeathed by that gentleman to public objects. SIMON GREENLEAF. A THIS eminent legal writer was born in Newburyport, Mass., December 5, 1783. His father was a captain in the Revolutionary army, and on his mother's side he was connected with the family of the late Chief Justice Parsons. While he was yet quite young, his father removed to Maine, and when he was eighteen years old, he entered as a law student the office of Ezekiel Whitman, Esq., • Ante, p. 871. of New Gloucester-since Chief Justice of Maine -where he remained three years. In 1806 he married, and began the practice of the law in Standish, Maine, whence, after a residence of six months, he removed to Gray, where he remained twelve years. In 1818 he removed to Portland. In 1820, upon Maine becoming a state, and the establishment of the Supreme Court, he was appointed Reporter of its decisions. He held that office until 1832, when he was superseded by a political opponent. His reports, and especially the later volumes, are considered by the profession models of judicial reports. He was at this time one of the foremost of the Maine bar, and had an extensive practice. He remained in Portland one year afterwards, and in 1833, upon the death of Professor Ashmun, he was appointed Royal Professor of Law in the Dane Law School, which office he held until 1846, when he was transferred to the Dane Professorship, then vacant by the death of Judge Story. He held this professorship but two years, when, in 1848, his failing strength becoming wholly unequal to its accumulated and poorly requited labors, he resigned the place. His release from care and toil was followed by an immediate amendment of his health; and he was enabled to devote himself to the preparation of his law books. The Law School at Cambridge is indebted for its success to no one of its many able professors more than to Mr. Greenleaf. Before Judge Story and Mr. Greenleaf united their labors, it had been made a respectable school by the efforts of Stearns and Ashmun. The extended and well deserved reputation of Judge Story as a jurist and a profound lawyer, attracted large numbers of young men to the school, and by his glow and fervor, he awakened in them a-pirations for the higher attainments of the profession; but it was the gentle and affectionate, yet decided and controlling, manner of Mr. Greenleaf, who had always the direction of the internal affairs of the school, and for many months in each year during the absence of Judge Story at Washington, and on his circuits, its entire control and management and instruction, which, connected with the respect which his extensive learning, his extraordinary aptness to teach, and his power of attracting and holding the attention of the students, kept the young men together, satisfied and harmonious. By all those who had the good fortune to be his pupils, his death is felt as a personal loss. Before coming to Cambridge, Mr. Greenleaf was an author of law books. Besides his reports, nine volumes in number, he published in 1821 a volume of over-ruled cases; in 1842 the first volume of his work on Evidence; in 1846 the second volume; and in 1853 the third and concluding volume. The first volume has reached the seventh edition; the second, the fourth; and the third, the second edition. In 1846 he published an annotated edition of Cruise's Digest of Real Law. Of his position as a law writer, a distinguished judge has said: "Among those eminent lawyers who have never held judicial station, the name and opinion of Mr. Greenleaf stand highest as authority in all matters of law. He gained this high position by incessant and devoted labor in his profession." He also published in 1846 a volume entitled, An Examination of the Testi mony of the Four Evangelists by the Rules of Evidence administered in the Courts of Justice, with an Account of the Trial of Jesus. The preparation of this was begun as early as 1817, and it has been republished in England. Besides these works, he published others of less size and importance, and of more temporary value, and he also contributed not unfrequently to periodical literature. He was never a politician. He was once elected to the Maine legislature, but there devoted himself chiefly to amendments of the statute law of the state. He was an upright man and a devout Christian. His death was sudden. He retired to rest in perfect health; was soon seen to be ailing; medical aid was called, but before it arrived he had gone to his long sleep. He left the wife of his youth a widow; and of a large family of children, two sons and two daughters survive him.* BEVERLEY TUCKER, THE Son of the eminent jurist, St. George Tucker, was born at Matoax, Virginia, Sept. 6, 1784. He was educated at Williamsburgh, where his father took up his residence in the son's childhood. Having completed his course at William and Mary, he prosecuted the study of the law; married in 1809, and removed to Charlotte county, where he resided till his removal to Missouri in 1815, of which state he became a resident, and where he was appointed judge. B. Tucker He passed fifteen years in the West, when he returned to Virginia. On the Fourth of July, 1834, he was elected by the Board of Visitors to the professorship of law in William and Mary College, which he held till his death, which occurred on a summer tour in the state at Winchester, August 26, 1851. The writings of Judge Tucker are, his work on Pleading, his lectures on Government, his three novels of George Balcombe, the Partisan Leader, and Gertrude, and his contributions to the Southern Review. He had begun shortly before his death a life of his relative, John Randolph, and also left among his unfinished MSS. parts of a dramatic production. We are indebted to a letter from his intimate friend William Gilmore Simms, for the following familiar notices of his character and writings. "He was a brave old Virginia gentleman, a stern States Right Doctrinaire, intense of feeling, jealous of right, and with an eager sense of wrong and injury. He was jealous as a politician, like his brother John Randolph, and had many of the characteristics of that fiery politician, as his speech at the Nashville Convention witnesses, where his invective, more elaborate and polished than that of Randolph, was quite as terrible. His We are indebted for this notice to the obituary of the American Almanac for 1855. It is evidently prepared by one who knew Judge Greenleaf, and we have preserved its language entire. political tenets are fully displayed in his Lectures on Government. "In his style I regard him as one of the best prose writers in the United States, at once rich, flowing, and classical; ornate and copious, yet pure and chaste; full of energy, yet full of grace; intense, yet stately; passionate, yet never with a forfeiture of dignity. "His novel of George Balcombe is a bold, highly spirited, and very graceful border story, true to the life, a fine picture of society and manners on the frontier-animated and full of interest. It lacked color or warmth of tone, wanting the softening effects of fancy, though not without imagination. Reason was his predominant faculty. There was a sternness in his writings, a directness and an intensity, which show the author disdainful in the pursuit of his object of all the flowers of the wayside. When he deals with the pathetic, he rather sports with it. This is the one chief qualification of the merits of the book, which is one of the most vigorous of American novels as a narrative of action and the delineation of mental power." The Partisan Leader* is a curious anticipative political history, published in 1837; the scene is laid in Virginia in 1849, twelve years ahead. Van Buren is represented in his third presidential term at the head of a consolidated government, with the forms of a republic and the powers of a monarchy. The Southern states, with the exception of Virginia, have seceded. Its design was to show what the novelist thought fit to suppose the probable effects of the Van Buren party continuing in power, in the destruction of the Constitution, the dissolution of the Union, and the conflict of small Republics which would follow. Gertrude, an original novel, appeared in the Southern Literary Messenger, for 1844-45. Of Professor Tucker's discharge of his college duties at William and Mary, we learn from Professor Totten that his force of character "made a strong impression on the minds of his pupils. The greater part adopted his views on all subjects in which he instructed them. He had an original and what might be called an executive mind. He was exceedingly happy in his illustrations, and seldom presented the most common idea in the same form with others. His conversation had in consequence an unusual attraction. He had a warm heart, was cordially loved by his friends, and as cordially hated by his enemies. "Christianity occupied his attention greatly in his later years. He wrote down his seasonings as he advanced in the investigation. He gave me these papers to read, and I was much interested in tracing the progress of a powerful and original intellect in its course from doubt to the most child-like confiding faith. For many years preceding his death, he was a devout and exemplary Christian."t HENRY COLMAN. HENRY COLMAN, a prominent writer on agriculture, was born in Boston, September 12, 1785. After completing his collegiate course at Dart The Partisan Leader, a Tale of the Future, by Edward William Sydney. Washington City. James Caxton, 1887. † MS. Letter of Prof. Silas Totten, March 15, 1855. mouth in 1805, he studied theology, and was ordained June 17, 1807, minister of a Congregational church at Hingham, where he was also engaged as the teacher of a school. In 1820 he resigned his charge and removed to Boston, where he remained, principally employed as a teacher, until February, 1825, when he removed to Salem to take charge of a new Unitarian church and congregation formed for the express purpose of securing his services. He remained in this place, performing its functions with great acceptability, and increasing his already extensive reputation as a preacher, until his resignation in consequence of ill health, December, 1881. Henry Colman Mr. Colman now established himself on a farm on the banks of the Connecticut, and gave his whole attention to his favorite pursuit of agriculture. The reputation of his experiments and successful culture, and of his contributions to agricultural journals, became extended, and on the establishment of an agricultural commissioner by the state of Massachusetts, he was appointed to the office by Governor Everett. Mr. Colman pursued the duties of this trust with unwearied energy and industry, and after an extensive tour throughout the state, and the publication of several Reports, in the autumn of 1842 sailed for Europe to continue his investigations. The ensuing six years were passed in a tour through Great Britain and the continent, the results of which were given to the public on his return in 1848 in his Agriculture and Rural Economy of France, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland; European Agriculture and Rural Economy, two volumes; and European Life and Manners in Letters to Friends, two volumes, works which exhibit to advantage his powers as a writer as well as observer. In 1849 Mr. Colman returned to Europe in the hope of restoring his health, which had now become much impaired. The result was unsuccessful, as his death occurred soon after his arrival, at Islington, on the 14th of August. In addition to his agricultural works Mr. Colman was the author of two volumes of serions, published during the period of his active ministe rial labors. HENRY LEE. HENRY LEE, the author of a spirited work on Napoleon, and of a pungent volume on Jefferson, was the son of General Henry Lee of the Revolution, by his first wife Matilda, daughter of Colonel Philip Tredwell Lee, who was long a member of the King's Council, and the elder brother of the two signers of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee, of Dr. Arthur Lee, who served his country during the Revolution in several diplomatic appointments, and of William Lee, who was an alderman of London when that struggle commenced, but who heartily joined his brothers in maintaining it, and afterwards became the American Minister at the Hague. Henry Lee was born at Stratford, Westmoreland County, Virginia, 1787, in the same room distinguished as the birthplace of two of the signers of the Declaration just mentioned. He was educated at William and Mary, where he became an excellent Latin scholar, and developed a taste for letters which accompanied him through life. During the war of 1812 he was appointed by Madison a Major in the twelfth regiment, designed chiefly for interior defence, but soon went to the Canadian frontier as Aide to General Wilkinson, and afterwards served General Izard in the same capacity. On his return from Canada he met the late Edinburgh Reviewer, Jeffrey, in New York, then at the height of his reputation. They were both possessed of brilliant conversational powers, and their meeting was the delight of the many entertainments where they came together. At the close of the war, Major Lee retired from the army, and married Miss Ann M'Carty, whose estate adjoined his own paternal Stratford, where he lived many years, more devoted to hunting than farming; when only the odd hours of good days, and the dull ones of wet weather, were amused with books. The correspondent to whom we are indebted for these details of his life, mentions as an anecdote of his skill with the rifle, that he has often killed two wild ducks at one shot, by firing as they swam slowly by each other exactly as their necks came within the range of a single ball. He was first impelled to literary labor by Judge William Johnson's Life of General Greene. That work was deemed by him so unjust to his father's fame, and that of his brave legion, that he resolved to defend both, which he did with success in an octavo volume entitled, Campaigns of 1782 in the Carolinas,* published in 1824. Major Lee having been by education and conviction attached to the Federal school, was politically proscribed by the dominant, so called, democratic party. On the nomination of Jackson, however, who had in 1812 opposed this proscription, he became one of the most influential advocates for his election, in a series of essays which he published in his behalf. He was appointed by Jackson as Consul at Algiers, whither he proceeded in 1829, but his appointment not having been confirmed by the Senate, he did not remain there a year. His classical recollections induced him to visit Italy on his way home, and in Rome he saw Madame Mère, the mother of Napoleon. His lively impressions of the Italian campaigns of the latter, and his admiration for the hero, induced him to attempt a vindication of his character from slander, and an adequate record of his deeds. He was delayed in the execution of this congenial task by the necessity he found himself under of discharging a more private and sacred one. again entered the field as the defender of his father's memory from assaults in the published writings of Jefferson, and wrote his Observations on the Writings of Thomas Jefferson, published He The Campaign of 1781 in the Carolinas: with remarks historical and critical on Johnson's Life of Greene, to which is added an appendix of original documents relating to the history of the Revolution. By H. Lee. Phila. 1824. 8vo. in New York in 1832.* As a controversial work this was written with ability, its arguments securing the admiration of Judge Marshall. The "Observations" made their mark, and have never been directly answered, though Tucker's Life of Jefferson touches on the topics involved. In 1845 it was republished with additional notes meeting Tucker's remarks, by C. C. Lee, Esq., of Powhatan. After completing this work, Major Lee devoted himself to what he designed to be a Life of the Emperor Napoleon, and the first volume was published in Paris and New York with that title in 1835, bringing the narrative to the year 1796. An appendix of nearly half the volume is occupied with an argumentative examination of the positions of Sir Walter Scott in his History of Bonaparte. Lee died before a second volume was completed at Paris, January 30, 1837. After his death, the first volume and the additional matter which he had prepared, were published in a large octavo in London and Paris, with the title, The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, down to the Peace of Tolentino, and the close of his First Campaign in Italy. RICHARD HENRY LEE, the author of the lives of his great grandfather, R. H. Lee, and of his great uncle, Dr. Arthur Lee, is the son of the late Tredwell Lee, of Loudon County, and Flora, the second daughter of Colonel Philip Tredwell Lee, of Stratford, Va. He studied law, and after practising in the profession a few years, betook himself to the more congenial pursuit of letters, and is now a Professor in Washington College, Pennsylvania. SAMUEL G. DRAKE. SAMUEL G. DRAKE was born October 10, 1798, at Pittsfield, N. H. He was educated at the common schools of the neighborhood, at that time held only during a few winter months. At the age of twenty he became a district school teacher, *Observations on the Writings of Thomas Jefferson, with particular reference to the attack they contain on the memory of the late General Henry Lee, in a series of letters, by H. Lee of Virginia. New York. 1832. The Life of the Emperor Napoleon, with an Appendix, containing an Examination of Sir Walter Scott's "Life of Napoleon Bonaparte;" and a notice of the principal errors of other writers, respecting his character and conduct. By H. Lee. Vol. I. New York: Charles de Behr. 1835. We are not aware that this work was translated into French. It was received by eminent Frenchmen, as the Duke of Bassano, with great favor. General Napier, the author of the Peninsular Campaigns, commended it highly. The following notice of his death appeared in Galignani's (Paris) Messenger at the time: Death of Major Henry Lee, author of the Life of Napoleon, &c., &c. This distinguished American has fallen a victim to the epidemic which now pervades the capital. He expired yesterday morning after much suffering, from a short illness of complicated influenza. "In the prime of life, and in the full vigor of a well cultivated intellect, the riches of which have already contributed to the literature of the age, his untiring assiduity has been suddenly arrested in the promising career in which his hopeful friends with so much pleasure saw him fast advancing. "While letters lose in him a zealous votary, his numerous friends, who know the greatness of soul which characterized his actions, the suavity of his temper, his modesty and urbanity of manners, will mingle their tears with those of a disconsolate widow, and long regret that that hand which was as firm in friendship as it was strong in battle' has been so soon palsied by the cold grasp of death." an occupation in which he was engaged for "Recollections," that his education commenced in seven years. Dane GAra earnest. A little table was assigned him in his father's private study, and instruction partly given by his parent and partly by tutors under his direction. Perhaps the greatest advantage to him was derived from the continual intercourse with a man of quick intellect and learning, who possessed a happy method of communicating knowledge on all subjects. In 1830 Mr. Drake established the antiquarian book store in Boston, with which his name has been long and favorably connected. His labors as an antiquarian commenced in 1824, as editor of a reprint of Colonel Church's History of King Philip's War, of which we have already spoken. This was followed in 1832 by the Indian Biography, and in 1833 by The Book of the Indians, or a Biography and History of the Indians of North America, a work of much research and information, the popular success of which is vouched for by the eleven editions which have been published.t In 1836 Mr. Drake published a number of contemporary narratives of the early colonial wars, with the title, The Old Indian Chronicle. In 1839 he prepared Indian Captivities, a volume of the original narratives of the sufferers. In 1847 the New England Historical and Genealogical Register was commenced by Mr. Drake, by whom it is still conducted, under the auspices of a society of a similar title. It has already done much for family and local history. It In 1852 Mr. Drake commenced the publication of his chief work, The History of Boston. will form when completed (as is anticipated within the present year), a large octavo, profusely illustrated with portraits, autographs, and views of buildings and localities. It is a work of great research, and contains much original information, particularly in reference to the early discovery of the New England coast, which has already been of service to writers as well as readers of history. HENRY M. BRACKENRIDGE. HENRY M. BRACKENRIDGE is the son of the author of Modern Chivalry, and was born in Pittsburg the 11th of May, 1786. His father discovered in him very early indications of superior intellect, and resolved to give his personal attention to its cultivation. The course of education was begun almost in infancy, by himself with the assistance of others; and after ten years of age, excepting about six months at the Pittsburgh academy, and about the same length of time at Jefferson College, the course of instruction was strictly private. At seven years of age he was consigned to the charge of a gentleman who visited Louisiana, and placed at a French school at St. Genevieve, in Upper Louisiana, for the purpose of learning the French vernacularly. This was so successful that in less than six months he had forgotten the English entirely. Various causes prevented his being restored to his home until near ten years of age. It was at this time, Mr. Brackenridge states in his On the appointment of his father to the supreme bench of the state, young Brackenridge, then fifteen years of age, was placed for two years in the office of prothonotary or clerk of the court, preparatory to entering the office of a practising attorney for the purpose of studying law. His range of reading and general information was singularly extensive for his age, and his mind remarkably precocious, although his proficiency in the ancient classics and in mathematics was not equal to his other attainments; this was owing to not having carried the study of them into maturer years, and the too great variety of his other studies. He had imbibed their quintessence, however, without the labor of digesting them in bulk; thus forming his taste on the finest models ancient and modern. At the age of twenty Mr. Brackenridge was admitted to the bar as a well grounded lawyer. After this he repaired to the residence of his father in Carlisle, where, under his directions, he continued for a year or more to apply himself to the law of equity and maritime law, intending to qualify himself for practice in Baltimore. On going to that city he entered the office of a practitioner in chancery; he also attended the courts, where he had an opportunity of hearing the able lawyers who then flourished at that bar. His youth, want of means to enable him to "bide his time," and the great numbers who occupied every branch of the profession, discouraged him from attempting the practice without previous exercise of his faculties on some more humble stage. Hearing that there was but one lawyer in the town of Somerset, he repaired to that place, and at once took |