Elements of Mental Philosophy: Abridged and Designed as a Text-book for Academies and High Schools

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Harper & brothers, 1860 - 515 pagina's

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The connexion between the mental and physical change not ca pable of explanation
26
Of the meaning and nature of perception 14 Perception makes us acquainted with a material world
27
Of the primary and secondary qualities of matter
28
Of the secondary qualities of matter
29
CHAPTER III
30
Nature and importance of the senses as a source of know edge 19 Connexion of the brain with sensation and perception
31
Order in which the senses are to be considered 20 Of the sense and sensations of smell
32
Of perceptions of smell in distinction from sensations
33
Of the sense and the sensations of taste
34
CHAPTER IV
35
Varieties of the sensation of sound
36
Manner in which we learn the place of sounds
37
Page
38
ib
40
Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified
45
CHAPTER VI
46
Statement of the mode or process in visual perception
47
Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight
48
The idea of extension not originally from sight
49
Of the knowledge of the figure of bodies by the sight
50
Illustration of the subject from the blind
51
Measurements of magnitude by the
52
Of objects seen in a mist
53
Of the estimation of distances by sight
54
Signs by means of which we estimate distance by sight
55
Estimation of distance when unaided by intermediate objects
56
Of objects seen on the ocean
57
CHAPTER VII
58
Of habit in relation to the smell
59
Of habit in relation to the taste
60
Of habit in relation to the hearing 46
62
Habits considered in relation to the sight 65
66
Sensations may possess a relative as well as positive increase of power
68
Of habits as modified by particular callings and arts
69
Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine 58 Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine 56 The law of habit considered in reference ...
70
CHAPTER VIII
73
Of conceptions of objects of sight
74
Of the influence of habit on our conceptions
76
Influence of habit on conceptions of sight 63 Of the subserviency of our conceptions to description
77
Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief
78
Conceptions which are joined with perceptions
81
CHAPTER IX
83
Simple mental states not susceptible of definition
84
Simple mental states representative of a reality Pagi
85
Origin of complex notions and their relation to simple
86
Supposed complexness without the antecedence of simple feelings
87
Conceptions as conrected with fictitious representations
88
74
89
Complex notions of external origin
90
76
91
77
92
Abstraction implied in the analysis of complex ideas 78 Instances of particular abstract ideas
93
Mental process in separating and abstracting them
94
General abstract notions the same with genera and species
95
96
96
Early classifications sometimes incorrect 83 Illustrations of our earliest classifications
97
Of the nature of general abstract ideas
98
The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c
99
Of the speculations of philosophers and others
100
CHAPTER XI
101
Of different degrees of attention
102
Dependence of memory on attention
103
Of exercising attention in reading
104
Alleged inability to command the attention ib 100 101 102 103 i04
105
Instances of notions which have an internal origin
106
CHAPTER XII
107
Dreams are often caused by our sensations
108
Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity
109
Explanation of the incoherency of dreams 1st cause 97 Second cause of the incoherency of dreams
110
Apparent reality of dreams 1st cause
111
Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause
112
Of our estimate of time in dreaming
113
Explanation of the preceding statements
114
The idea of space not of external origin
115
The idea of space has its origin in suggestion
116
PART II
117
Occasions of the origin of the idea of power
118
CHAPTER I
119
Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself
120
107
122
108
123
110
126
132
132
Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit
134
Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion 122 Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas
135
CHAPTER III
136
Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness
137
Consciousnes a ground or law of belief 126 Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness
138
CHAPTER IV
140
Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise
141
Of the use of correlative terms 130 Of relations of identity and diversity
142
11 Relations of degree and names expressive of them
143
111 Of relations of proportion
144
IV Of relations of place or position
145
v Of relations of time
146
vi Of ideas of possession
147
136
148
Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect
149
Connexion of relative suggestion with reasoning
150
CHAPTER V
151
Of the general laws of association
152
Resemblance the first general law of association
153
Of resemblance in the effects produced
154
Contrast the second general or primary
155
Contiguity the third general or primary
157
Cause and effect the fourth primary
158
ALSOCIATION II SECONDARY LAWS 147 Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary
159
Of the influence of lapse of time
160
Secondary law of repetition or habit
161
Of the secondary law of coexistent emotion
162
Original difference in the mental constitution
163
CHAPTER VII
166
Of memory as a ground or law of belief
167
Of differences in the strength of memory
168
Of circumstantial memory or that species of memory which is based on the relations of contiguity in time and place
169
Illustrations of specific or circumstantial memory
170
Of philosophic memory or that species of memory which is based on other relations than those of contiguity
171
Illustrations of philosophic memory
172
Of that species of memory called intentional recollection
173
Nature of intentional recollection 162 Instance illustrative of the preceding statements
174
Marks of a good memory
175
Directions or rules for the improvement of the memory
177
Further directions for the improvement of the memory
179
Of observance of the truth in connexion with memory
180
CHAPTER VIII
181
168
183
169
184
Approval and illustrations of these views from Coleridge
185
Application of the principles of this chapter to education
187
Connexion of this doctrine with the final judgment and a future life
189
CHAPTER IX
190
Reasoning a source of ideas and knowledge 175 Definition of reasoning and of propositions 190
191
Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning
192
Illustration of the preceding statement
193
Grounds of the selection of propositions 193
194
Reasoning implies the existence of antecedent or assumed propo sitions
195
Further considerations on this subject
196
Of differences in the power of reasoning
197
Of habits of reasoning
198
Of reasoning in connexion with language or expression
199
Illustration of the foregoing section
200
CHAPTER XII
211
Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion
212
Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject
213
Fallacia equivocationis or the use of equivocal terms and phrases
215
Of the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cır cumstances of success merely
216
Of adherence to our opinions
217
Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth
218
CHAPTER XIII
219
The imagination closely related to the reasoning power
220
Definition of the power of imagination
221
Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination
222
Further remarks on the same subject
223
Grounds of the preference of one conception to another
224
Illustration of the subject from Milton 22
225
Illustration of the statements of the preceding section
227
On the utility of the faculty of the imagination
228
Importance of the imagination in connexion with reasoning
229
CHAPTER XIV
231
Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general
232
Of the less permament excited conceptions of sound
234
First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the eye
235
Second cause of permanently excited conceptions or apparitions
237
Fifth cause of apparitions Hysteria
243
Insanity of the judgment or relative suggestion
249
Partial mental alienation by means of the imagination
255
INTRODUCTION
261
PART I
267
EMOTIONS OF BEAUTY
273
Remarks on the beauty of forms The circle
279
Of sounds considered as a source of beauty
286
270
293
Summary of views in regard to the beautiful
299
Of sounds as furnishing an occasion of sublime emotions
305
Of what is understood by
311
INSTANCES OF OTHER SIMPLE EMOTIONS Section Page 295 Emotions of cheerfulness joy and gladness
314
Emotions of melancholy sorrow and grief
315
The character of emotions changes so as to comform to that
316
Emotions of diffidence modesty and shame
317
CLASS II
318
THE DESIRES
319
CHAPTER I
321
Of the place of desires in relation to other mental states
322
The desires characterized by comparative fixedness and perma nency
323
Desires always imply an object desired
324
Of variations or degrees in the strength of the desires
325
Classification of this part of the sensibilities
326
The principles based upon desire susceptible of a twofold op eration
327
CHAPTER II
328
Instances of instincts in the human mind
330
Further instances of instincts in men
331
Of the final cause or use of instincts
332
CHAPTER III
333
Of the prevalence and origin of appetites for intoxicating drugs
334
Of the twofold operation and the morality of the appetites
335
CHAPTER IV
336
Principle of selfpreservation or the desire of continued existence
337
Of the twofold action of the principle of selfpreservation
338
Further illustrations of the principle of curiosity
339
Of the twofold operation and the morality of the principle of curi osity
340
Imitativeness or the propersity to imitation
341
Practical results of the principle of imitation
342
Section Page 328 Of the natural desire of esteem
344
Of the desire of esteem as a rule of conduct
345
Of the desire of possession
346
Of the desire of power
349
Of the moral character of the desire of power
350
Propensity of selflove or the desire of happiness
351
Of selfishness as distinguished from selflove
352
Reference to the opinions of philosophical writers
353
The principle of sociality original in the human mind
354
Evidence of the existence of this principle of sociality
355
34C Other illustrations of the existence of this principle
356
Relation of the social principle to civil society
357
CHAPTER V
358
Of the complex nature of the affections
359
Of resentment or anger
360
Illustrations of instinctive resentment
361
Of voluntary in distinction from instinctive resentment
362
Tendency of anger to excess and the natural checks to it C
363
Other reasons for checking and subduing the angry passions
365
Modifications of resentment Peevishness
366
Modifications of resentment Envy
367
Modifications of resentment Jealousy
368
Modifications of resentment Revenge
369
CHAPTER VI
371
Love in its various forms characterized by a twofold action
372
Illustrations of the strength of the parental affection
374
Of the filial affection
375
The filial affectior original or implanted
376
Illustrations of the filial affection
377
Of the nature of the fraternal affection
379
On the utility of the domestic affections
380
Of the moral character of the domestic affections and of the be nevolent affections generally
381
Of the moral character of the voluntary exercises of the benevo lent affections
382
Of the connexion between benevolence and rectitude
383
Of humanity or the love of the human race
384
Further proofs in support of the doctrine of an innate humanity or love for the human race
386
Proofs of a humane or philanthropic principle from the existence of benevolent institutions
387
Other remarks in proof of the same doctrine
388
Of patriotism or love of country
389
Of the affection of friendship
390
Of the affection of pity or sympathy
391
Of the moral character of pity
392
of the affection of gratitude
394
Section Page
395
Further illustrations of the results of the absence of this principle
401
Of the origin of secondary active principles
408
Classification of the moral sensibilities
414
Of the close connexion between conscience and reasoning
420
Further proof from language and literature
426
Disordered action of the principle of selfpreservation
428
Disordered and alienated action of the possessory principle
429
Feelings of obligation have particular reference to the future
430
Disordered action of imitativeness or the principle of imitation
431
Disordered action of the principle of sociality
432
Diversities in moral decisions dependent on differences in
436
CHAPTER V
442
THE SENSIBILITIES OR SENSITIVE NATURE
449
Page
454
Further remarks on the disordered action of the social propensity
458
Of the disordered action of the desire of esteem
459
Disordered action of the desire of power
460
CHAPTER II
461
Familiar instances of sympathetic imitation
462
Instances of sympathetic imitation at the poorhouse of Harlem
463
Other instances of this species of imitation
464
CHAPTER III
465
Of sudden and strong impulses of the mind
467
Insanity of the affections or passions
468
Of the mental disease termed hypochondriasis
469
Of intermissions of hypochondriasis and of its remedies
471
Disordered action of the passion of fear 446 Perversions of the benevolent affections
473
CHAPTER IV
475
Of accountability in connexion with this form of disordered con science
476
Of natural or congenital moral derangement 150 Of moral accountabili y in cases of natural or congenital moral
477
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Populaire passages

Pagina 165 - Where the great Sun begins his state Robed in flames and amber light, The clouds in thousand liveries dight; While the ploughman, near at hand, Whistles o'er the furrowed land, And the milkmaid singeth blithe, And the mower whets his scythe, And every shepherd tells his tale Under the hawthorn in the dale.
Pagina 80 - Spit, fire! spout, rain! Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters: I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness; I never gave you kingdom, call'd you children, You owe me no subscription: then let fall Your horrible pleasure; here I stand, your slave, A poor, infirm, weak, and despis'd old man.
Pagina 305 - The voice of the Lord is upon the waters: the God of glory thundereth: the Lord is upon many waters.
Pagina 308 - AND I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud : and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire...
Pagina 120 - ... as we do from bodies affecting our senses. This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself; and though it be not sense, as having nothing to do with external objects, yet it is very like it, and might properly enough be called internal sense.
Pagina 233 - The sooty films that play upon the bars Pendulous, and foreboding in the view Of superstition prophesying still Though still deceived, some stranger's near approach.
Pagina 390 - Lands intersected by a narrow frith Abhor each other. Mountains interposed Make enemies of nations, who had else Like kindred drops been mingled into one.
Pagina 414 - For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves : which show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another,) in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ, according to my gospel.
Pagina 103 - The crow doth sing as sweetly as the lark, When neither is attended ; and, I think The nightingale, if she should sing by day, When every goose is cackling, would be thought No better a musician than the wren.
Pagina 189 - ... according to the deeds done in the body, whether they be good or whether they be evil...

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