The Pelican History of Music: Ancient forms to polyphony

Alleluia ancient antiphon Arabic ballades ballate became Byzantine called century B.C. chant China Chinese choir Christian Church classical clausula composers compositions conductus court culture dance drum dynasty early Egypt estampies Europe feast five-note scale flute fourteenth century Francesco Landini French gamelan Gloria Gradual Greek Gregorian Guillaume de Machaut harmony Hindu hymns important Indian influence instruments intervals Islamic isorhythmic Italian Jewish known Kyrie late Ars Nova later Latin Léonin liturgical lute Machaut madrigal manuscripts Mass medieval melody modes monks motet musicians neumes notation notes octave orchestras organum origin performance period Pérotin Philippe de Vitry pieces plainsong played poems poetry polyphonic popular psalms raga Responsory rhythm rhythmic rites Roman rondeaux singers singing solo songs sound strings style sung syllable Temple tenor tetrachord theory thirteenth century three-part tone tradition trecento trope trouvère tunes twelfth century two-part verse virelai vocal western words written zither