An Introduction to South Africa's Geological and Mining Heritage

amphibolite Archaean basalts basement Beaufort Group beds breccia Bushveld Complex Cape Supergroup carbonate carbonatite cave chromitite cliffs colour conglomerate consisting contain copper crater crust deformation deposits diamonds dolomite Dome Drakensberg Dwyka dyke Earth environment erosion Escarpment exposed fault feldspar fine-grained fold Formation formed fossil Geological Society gneisses gold Gondwana Greenstone Belt hills igneous rock impact structure intrusion iron Johannesburg Kaapvaal Craton kimberlite komatiitic KwaZulu-Natal lava layers light-coloured Limpopo mafic magma magnetite mainly manganese field Metamorphic Province meteorite migmatites million years ago mineralisation minerals mining Mpumalanga Natal northern occur ocean Okiep orebody outcrop overlying Phalaborwa photograph platinum pluton Pretoria pyroxenite quarry quartz quartzite Reef ridges River Robberg rock types sand sandstone schist sedimentary rocks sediments seen sequence shales shear zone silicate South Africa southern strata surface thick Transvaal Supergroup Tswaing Tswaing Crater ultramafic Valley veins Ventersdorp volcanic rocks Vredefort weathering Western Cape