An introduction to South Africa's geological and mining heritage

alluvial amphibolite Archaean Barberton basalts basement Basin Beaufort Group beds breccia Bushveld Complex Cape Cape Supergroup carbonate cave chromitite colour conglomerate consisting contain copper crater crust deformation deposits diamonds dolomite Dome Drakensberg Dwyka dyke Earth environment erosion Escarpment fault feldspar field fine-grained first flat flow fold Formation fossil Geological Society gneisses gold Gondwana greenstone belt hills igneous rock impact structure intrusion iron Johannesburg Kaapvaal Craton Karoo kimberlite komatiitic KwaZulu-Natal lava layers light-coloured Limpopo mafic magma magnetite mainly manganese Metamorphic Province meteorite migmatite million years ago mineralisation minerals mining Mpumalanga Natal Northem occur orebody outcrop overlying photograph platinum pluton Pretoria pyroxenite quarry quartz quartzite Reef ridges River Robberg rock types sand sandstone schist sedimentary rocks sediments seen sequence shales shear zone South Africa southem strata surface thick Transvaal Supergroup Tswaing Tswaing Crater Valley veins Ventersdorp volcanic rocks Vredefort weathering Witwatersrand world’s