Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in PerspectiveOn December 27, 1979, the USSR invaded Afghanistan to save an endangered communist regime. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, founded in 1965 but almost immediately riven into two hostile wings, had been induced by Moscow into unifying in 1977 in order to seize power the following year. Within weeks, however, the majority Khalqi faction had driven out the rival Parchamis, only to discover that its rigid Marxism-Leninism was no match for Islam. As the Khalqi position deteriorated, Moscow thought to regain control by forceful replacement of the PDPA leaders with Parchamis. Instead, their invasion only consolidated popular determination to eject an alien ideology. In Afghanistan's Two-Party Communism, Anthony Arnold brings these dramatic developments to life, examining Parcham and Khalq in the context of the cultural, ethnic, and class factors that distinguish their leaders and separate constituencies. He analyzes the PDPA's development through 1982 and closes with speculation on the degree of Soviet commitment to communism in Afghanistan. Written in a lively, penetrating style, yet with a wealth of detail and analysis, Arnold's book reflects the intimate feel for the country that he acquired while serving there. His multilingual source material includes hitherto classified documents, and the appendixes (biographic sketches of PDPA leaders, translations of key party documents, charts of party and state personnel changes) will provide valuable sources for other researchers. |
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Inhoudsopgave
The Historical Setting | 1 |
The First Twenty Years 19191939 | 8 |
World War II and Its Aftermath 19401953 | 24 |
The Soviet Drive for Economic Penetration 19531963 | 32 |
The Drive for Political Control 1 Democratic Political Influence 19631973 | 45 |
The Drive for Political Control 2 Political Manipulation 19731978 | 55 |
The Drive for Political Control 3 Rule by Communist Party Proxy May 1978August 1979 | 67 |
Prelude to Invasion SeptemberDecember 1979 | 85 |
Occupation Politics The Internal Dimension 19801984 | 96 |
Occupation Politics The External Dimension 19801984 | 112 |
US Policy Before and After | 128 |
Notes | 143 |
165 | |
173 | |
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
action activities affairs Afghan Afghanistan agreement Amanullah American Amin appeared arms army Asia AUFS August authorities Babrak become border British Central claim close commitment Communism communist continued coup Daoud December Dupree early economic effective effort established eventually fact Field figure finally forces foreign hand Ibid important independence influence interests invasion involved issue January June Kabul Khalq later leaders least leftist less major March military million minister Mohammed months Moscow move mujahideen November occupation October official organizations Pakistan Parcham party PDPA percent perhaps period political position Press probably question reason regime relations remained Report resistance response result rule Russian seemed September Shah Soviet success Taraki territory tion troops turned Union United University USSR West Western World