B-Lactam Antibiotics: Mode of Action, New Developments, and Future Prospects

acid action activity addition aeruginosa affinity agents amino amount ampicillin anaerobic antibacterial activity Antimicrob appears aureus B-lactam antibiotics B-lactamase bacteria Bacteriol benzylpenicillin binding Biochem carbenicillin caused cefoxitin cell wall cephalexin cephalosporins cephalothin cephamycins changes Chem clinical coli compared complex compounds concentrations containing cultures cytoplasmic derivatives division drug effect enzyme experiments FIGURE formation function Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive growing growth important increase indicate infections inhibition inhibitors involved isolated known less levels lysis mechanism membrane molecule mutants natural nocardicin observed obtained occur organisms outer patients Pen G penicillin peptide peptidoglycan plasmid pneumoniae position possible preparations present Press produced properties proteins Proteus reaction recently relatively reported Research residue resistant response ring sensitive showed shown side similar species spectrum strains structure studies synthesis Table tested therapy tion tolerant treated treatment values vitro vivo