Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society and NatureUniversity of Chicago Press, 15 jul 1978 - 444 pagina's This classic study clearly establishes a fundamental difference in viewpoint between the peoples of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. By examining the forms of kingship which evolved in the two countries, Frankfort discovered that beneath resemblances fostered by similar cultural growth and geographical location lay differences based partly upon the natural conditions under which each society developed. The river flood which annually renewed life in the Nile Valley gave Egyptians a cheerful confidence in the permanence of established things and faith in life after death. Their Mesopotamian contemporaries, however, viewed anxiously the harsh, hostile workings of nature. Frank's superb work, first published in 1948 and now supplemented with a preface by Samuel Noah Kramer, demonstrates how the Egyptian and Mesopotamian attitudes toward nature related to their concept of kingship. In both countries the people regarded the king as their mediator with the gods, but in Mesopotamia the king was only the foremost citizen, while in Egypt the ruler was a divine descendant of the gods and the earthly representative of the God Horus. |
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Abydos Amon ancient appears Assyrian Atum Babylon beliefs bull called cattle celebrations ceremony chap conception coronation crown cult dead king death deities depicted divine Dual Shrines Dynasty earth Egyptian Enlil epithet expressed father figure funerary Gardiner goddess gods Götterglaube Gudea Hathor Hatshepsut heaven Heliopolis Hence Horus and Seth Ibid inscription Isis Jacobsen Ka's Kees king my lord king's kingship Labat Lagash land Lower Egypt Marduk means Memphite Memphite Theology Menes Mesopotamian mother myth nature Nekhen Nephthys Netherworld Nile Ningirsu Old Kingdom Osiris Papyrus Pharaoh phrases predynastic priest Ptah pyramid texts quoted Ramses Ramses II refers religion represented rites ritual royal ruler sacred Sahure scene Sed festival Shilluk significance statue stela Sumerian sun-god symbol temple thee Thorkild Jacobsen thou throne tion tomb translated Tuthmosis Tuthmosis III Upper Upwaut worshiped ZÄS